CH 1
Which of the following shows a pair of related terms?
Behaviorism and learning
Sensory input -> participant processing information -> report press button etc.
Cognitive psychology
The hallmarks of psychology as a science are
Careful experimentation and the application of critical thinking.
Psychology is best defined as the study of
The mind and behavior
The discipline of psychology can most accurately be defined as the study of
The mind and behavior
Which of the following is a myth of psychology?
Heritable traits, such as IQ, cannot be altered by experience
Which pair of scientists most closely shared views of behavior?
Ivan Pavlov and Edward Thorndike
A ____ is most likely to study the brain activities that underline human behavior.
Neuroscientist
Behaviorism examines ____, whereas cognitive psychology examines ___
External behavior; internal mental processes
What is a mainstream psychologist most likely to think about Sigmund Freud?
Freudian theory is untestable and not grounded in science
An overwhelming amount of scientific evidence indicates that
People are born with specific sexual orientations
A classmate tells you that she has over 700 Facebook friends. As a proponent of social brain hypothesis, you will most likely
Be skeptical of her ability to interact meaningful with so many people
A researcher presents his participant with a series of flashing lights varying intervals. After each presentation of a light, he asks the participant to fully describe her internal experiences, a method known as
Introspection
According to the social brain hypothesis, each of us can deal effectively with social interactions with roughly 150 people. This implies that
We are capable of maintaining social networks of up to 150 people throughout our lives
A Darwinist is likely to believe that all human behavior has its roots in animal behavior
___ is often credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory, thus establishing psychology as an experimental science
A proponent of functionalism would most likely be found in a
Classroom, working to improve teaching methods
What advice might John B. Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?
"Focus only on observable behavior"
Your uncle tells you about an interesting magazine article explaining that humans use only 10 percent of their brains. As a student of psychology, your response should be:
"Well, research actually shows that almost all of the brain is continually active."
Gestalt psychologists such as Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Kohler
Argue that the overall experience of human perception is greater than the sum of its parts.
The year 1979 might be thought of as the beginning of psychology as a science because that is the year
Wilhelm Wundt developer and opened the first psychology laboratory
___ was an early proponent of functionalism
William James
Which of the following perspectives argues that human behavior develops in certain ways because it serves a useful purpose?
Functionalism
A quarter in your hand casts a different image on your retina that a quarter taped to the wall across the room, yet you know that the quarters have exactly the same dimensions. This phenomenon would be best explained by a
Gestalt psychologist
When the U.S. Supreme Court was deliberating on whether to require schools to integrate black children and white children, their decision to strike down laws permitting segregated schools was greatly influenced by the "doll test" conducted by
Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark
The study of the nervous system is called
Neuroscience
The social brain hypothesis states that
People can keep tabs on only about 150 different personal relationships
The study of how physical events, such as lights and sounds, affect our senses is called
Psychophysics
The idea that children are born with no knowledge or "content" whatsoever and are "filled" by life experiences is called
Tabula rasa
One of the most pervasive psychological myths is that
Humans use only 10% of their brains
Which statement reflects a reasonable attitude for a good student of psychology to have toward any claim about human behavior?
Skepticism is advisable until an idea is proven right.
The followers of __ argue that there is a close relationship between animal behavior and human behavior
Charles Darwin
How is natural selection related to psychology?
Humans behave as they do in part because that behavior promotes survival
Plato's allegory of the cave indicates that
Truths about reality are not always obvious
Which of the following statements is the best interpretation of the ideas of rene descartes?
The only true knowledge comes from within
A ___ would be most likely to argue that a 13-year-old boy took up smoking because his father, older brothers, and friends were smokers
Behaviorist
In the late 1800s, a student of Edward Titchener would likely have been trained to
Carefully examine his own internal experiences.
John Lockes idea of tabula rasa
Contradicted Descartes's statement: "I think, therefore I am."
For a behaviorist, the goal of psychology is to
Determine how various experiences result in different behaviors
Parents who agree with John Locke's notion of tabula rasa would most likely
Expose their children to a rich variety of sensory experiences
Cognitive Psychology
Focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information
With its focus on the adaptive functions provided by various mental processes, evolution psychology is most like which of the following early psychological schools of thought
Functionalism
According to Rene Descartes, the very fact that he is thinking proves that
He exists
Research participants is early psychology studies might have been given a stimulus such as a ticking metronome and would reflect on the experience, reporting what the stimulus made them think and feel. These individuals would have been using process called
Introspection
___ is taught at Wellesley college for more than 30 years and was the first woman president of the American Psychological Association
Mary Whiton Calkins
In Plato's cave allegory, a prisoner was temporary unchained and allowed to see the fire at the mouth of the cave. When he returned to the chains, the other prisoners
Refused to believe him
An empiricist believes that the only source of knowledge about the external world is
Sensory experience
Which of the following approaches to psychology did Edward Titchener advocate in the late 1800s?
Structuralism
Patient has difficulty understanding what is said to him, and likewise has difficulty making himself understood. It is likely that he is experiencing a problem in his ___ lobe.
Temporal
Plato's cave analogy illustrates that
We cannot necessarily rely on our senses to lean the truth