American Government Chap. 9, 10, 11

If the winner of an election is the person who receives the most votes, regardless of the percentage of votes received, the candidates are running under a ______

plurality.

In the US, a political party must hold a _______ election to select a candidate to run in the general election

primary.

Political Scientists describe voter choices that focus on future behavior as ______ while those based on past performances are called_____.

prospective voting, retrospective voting.

Another name for lobbying is

protesting

State and local party organizations do all of the following

raise funds for candidates, conduct voter registration drives, and recruit candidates for office. THEY DO NOT LITIGATE AGAINST UNFAVORABLE POLICIES.

Public Interest Groups distinguish themselves from other interest groups by suggesting that they (the new politics groups)

serve the common good rather than their own selfish interests.

The plurality system

Is the most common electoral system used in general elections in the US.

Interest groups engage in all of the following activites

Litigation, lobbying, and contributing to campaigns. DO NOT START POLITICAL PARTY.

Strong and often corrupt urban political organizations during the late 19th and early 20th centuries were called

Machines

All of the following are key organization components of interest groups

Members, Money, and Leadership. NOT NEWSLETTER AND WEBSITE.

A congressional election that doesn't coincide with a presidential election is called a _________

Midterm Election

The term Soft Money refers to

Money donated to a party to sponsor party-building and voter registration.

527 Committees

Non-profit independent groups that receive and disburse funds to influence the nomination, election or defeat of candidates.

Electoral Realignment

Occurs when one party becomes dominant after replacing another party that has dominated national politics for a lengthy period of time.

A Party's __________ contains its philosophy, principles and policy positions.

Platform.

In a _________ the winner of an electoral race obtains more votes than any other candidate in the race.

Plurality system.

Interest groups are concerned with the _______ of government, while political parties are concerned with the _____ of government.

Policies; personnel.

Private groups that raise and distribute funds for election campaigns are called.

Political Action Committees (PAC)

As a third party candidate, Ross Perot captured approx._________% of the popular vote in 1992 presidential election.

20

Non-profit independent groups that receive and distribute funds to influence the nomination, election and defeat of a candidate are known as

527 Committees

National Convention

A convention of major political party. Especially one that nominates a candidate for the presidency.

Proportional Representation

A multiple-member district system that allows each political party representative in proportion to its percentage of the total vote.

Causus

A normally closed meeting of a political of legislative group to select candidates plan strategy or make decisions regarding legislative.

Closed Primary

A primary election in which only registered members of the party may vote.

Plurality System

A type of electoral system in which two win a seat in the parliament or other representative body.

Single-member district

An electorate that is allowed to select only one representative from each district.

Party Identification

An individual voter's psychological ties to one part or another.

In Conscience of a Conservative___________ espoused a number of ideas, such as less taxation and less government regulation of the economy, that become major themes for the modern Republican Party.

Barry Goldwater.

The primary election system was introduced in the early 20's by _______ who hoped to limit the power of party leaders by taking candidate nomination out of their hands.

Progressives

Which system of election provides the best chance for smaller and weaker parties to have electoral success?

Proportional representation.

Which types of interest groups are most often associated with the New Politics Movement?

Public- Interest Groups

The primary function of a political action committee(PAC) is to

Raise and distribute money to election campaigns.

The program of reconstruction after the Civil Was was led by the _______.

Republican Party.

From the end of the civil war to the 1890s, the ________ Party was the party of the north, while the ________ Party was the party of the south.

Republican; Democratic.

In the case of ______ the US supreme court ruled that purposefully drawing districts where the majority of voters were members of a single minority group in order to ensure minority representation was unconstitutional.

Shaw V Reno

The boundaries of legislative districts in the US are to be redrawn every ____ years.

Ten

A major fact in John Kennedy's 1960s presidential victory over Richard Nixon was....

That Kennedy has a much stronger performance than Nixon during televised debates.

What has been the most important attempt to limit the influence of lobbyists in recent years?

The 1995 lobbying disclosure act.

The New Deal coalition was severely strained and ultimately broken apart by

The Vietnam Was and the issue of civil rights.

Divided Government

The condition in American Government where in the presidency is controlled by one party while the opposing party controls congress.

Which political officer is subject to a recall election?

The governor of the state of California.

Identify the group below that has had the greatest success with the strategy of litigation.

The national association of the advancement of colored people. NAACP

Electoral realignment

The point in history where a new party supplants the ruling party, becoming the dominant political force. In the US this has tended to occur roughly every 30 years.

The benefits of a groups success are often broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers. Such benefits are called

Collective good.

Campaign consultants do all of the following

Conduct public opinion polls, organize direct mailings, and develop the issue on which the candidate will focus. DO NOT PRINT BALLOTS FOR THE ELECTION.

what is the main difference between elections in a democracy and elections under an authoritarian regime?

Democratic regimes allow for viable opposition, while the leaders for not permit themselves to lose under an authoritarian regime.

Since the 1930s the vast majority of African Americans have identified as

Democrats.

Women in the US are SOMEWHAT more likely to support______

Democrats.

By using donor lists or magazine subscription lists, candidates are able to engage in

Direct Mail Solicitations.

Interest groups are permitted to spend as much money as they want on issue advocacy during a campaign season, as long as they

Do not coordinate their efforts with a candidates own campaign

All of the following are part of the agenda of the New Politics Movement.

Environmental protection, health and safety legislation, and women's rights. NOT INDUSTRIAL REGULATION.

When candidates for public office sponsor hearings, undertake inspection tours of disaster areas, or meet with foreign dignitaries, the form of publicity they receive is called.

Free Media

In his farewell address_________, urged fellow Americans to shun partisan politics.

George Washington.

The Christian Coalition is best described as a ______.

Ideological group.

The percentage of people identifying themselves as independent has_________ since the 1950s while the number of people identifying themselves as Democrats has________________

Increased; Decreased.

Political Activist

Intentional action to bring about political change.

"Me-too" Republicanism refers to

The tendency of republican politicians during the New Deal to support popular programs such as Social Security rather than advance alternative policies.

The US began its tradition of the ______ during the early 18th Century.

two-party system.

Lobbyists are required by law to disclose all of the following

who they are working for, how much they are paid, and who they are lobbying. NOT HOW MANY MEMBERS THEY REPRESENT.

Members of interest groups in the US are typically people

with higher levels of income and education.

At party convention, when an entire state delegation votes for the single candidate supported by the majority of its delegates, it is called

Unit Rule

What did the US Supreme Court mean when it announced the principle of "One person, one vote"?

Within a state, electoral districts must have approx. the same population.

A candidate needs approx. _______ in order to have a reasonable chance of winning a seat in the US House of Representatives.

$500,000

A loose, informal relationship of public officials, interest groups and activists who are all concerned with the same policies is called

an issue network.

The first party system was characterize by conflict between the______ and the _________.

federalists; Jeffersonian Republicans.

If one enjoys benefits of a group's collective efforts but did not contribute to those efforts, one is called a

free rider.

The increased number and importance of interest groups

is a response to an increase in the size and activity of government.