Anatomy and Physiology Exam 1

What structure binds epithelial tissue to connective tissue?

Basement membrane

correctly describe the digestive system.

Chemically digests food, mechanically digests food, absorbs materials, expels waste products

Which of the approaches to gross anatomy is specifically concerned with developmental changes occurring prior to birth?

Embryology

correctly describe epithelial tissue.

High regeneration capacity, richly innervated, lacks blood vessels

Who is considered the "Father of Medicine

Hippocrates

The right and left ______ regions are inferior areas located ______ to the hypogastric region.

Iliac and lateral

Which Organ system produces sperm cells?

Male Reproductive System

Choose all that correctly describe the cardiovascular system.

Moves blood through blood vessels, consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, distributes hormones, nutrients, and gasses

correctly describe the male reproductive system?

Produces sperm, transfers sperm to female, produces testosterone

correctly describe the nervous system.

Responds to sensory stimuli, helps control all other organ systems of the body, responsible for consciousness

correctly describe the female reproductive system.

Site of growth and development of embryo and fetus, produces oocytes, produces estrogen and progesterone

The _________ system filters the blood and removes waste products from blood.

Urinary System

_____ is required for osmosis to occur

a selectively permeable membrane

which body cavity is located inferior to the diaphragm and superior to the pelvic brim of the hip bones? a. abdominal cavity b. thoracic cavity c. pleural cavity d. pelvic cavity

a. abdominal cavity

Visualizing the body in the ____ position is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions.

anatomical

The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is ______.

antebrachial

The correct anatomical term for front of the elbow is ______.

antecubital

The correct anatomic directional term for "in front of" is

anterior, ventral, or ante

Which is the simplest level of organization?

atom

what is the term used to refer to a body structure that is below or at a lower level than another structure? a. ventral b. medial c. inferior d. distal

c. inferior

which level of organization is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform a common function? a. cellular b. tissue c. organ d. organismal

c. organ

The anatomical term for heel is ______.

calcaneal

Which statements characterize cytosol?

contains many dissolved solutes, called intracellular fluid, high water content, contains proteins and carbs

epithelial tissue functions

covers body surfaces and lines body cavities.

The watery, syrup-like fluid of the cytoplasm is called what?

cytosol

Cutting a midsagittal section through the body separates which parts of the body? a. anterior and posterior b. superior and inferior c. proximal and distal d. right and left halves

d. right and left halves

Functions of smooth ER?

detox alcohol, transport lipids, metabolism of carbs, synthesis of lipids

Osmosis is a type of

diffusion

The tendency of molecules to move down their concentration gradient is

diffusion

The ____ system digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.

digestive, gastrointestinal, or digestion

Which organ system consists of glands that secrete hormones?

endocrine

Which organ system releases chemicals that regulate body and cellular growth

endocrine

Which organ system releases chemicals that regulate body and cellular growth?

endocrine

Which organ system consists of glands that secrete hormones?

endocrine system

Which region typically contains part of the liver, part of the stomach, the duodenum, part of the pancreas, and both adrenal glands?

epigastric region

The majority of glands are composed of

epithelial tissue

Endocytosis is ____ in reverse

exocytosis

Which organ system produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization of the oocyte?

female reproductive system

correctly describe the urinary system.

filters blood, removes waste from blood, expels urine from the body

Which are the functions of rough ER?

formation of transport vesicles, production of proteins, storage of proteins to be exported from the cell

anatomical term for forehead

frontal

What are the 2 general functions of the muscular system?

generates heat and produces body movement

An increase in body size is ______ and an increased specialization as related to form and function is ______.

growth/development

Organs or structures of the integumentary system include ______, ____, _____.

hair, skin, nails

In passive transport processes, materials flow from a region of ______ concentration of the material to a region of _____ concentration of the same material

high/low

The term endocytosis means?

includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Melanin and protein crystals are examples of?

inclusions

Regulation of body temperature is a function of the ______ system.

integumentary

The ____ system functions in providing protection, regulating body temp, and preventing water loss.

integumentary

The ___ surfaces of epithelial cells contain intercellular junctions.

lateral

In which branch of anatomy are individual cells or thin slices of some part of the body prepared for examination?

microscopic

____ is known as cellular eating

phagocytosis

A special relationship exists between anatomy and ______ because structure and function cannot be completely separated.

physiology

_____ is known as cellular drinking

pinocytosis

The function of flagella is to ___

propel an entire cell

The amino acids dissolved in cytosol are used to synthesize new?

proteins

Membrane extensions used by a cell during phagocytosis are called?

pseudopodia

The anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis is

pubic

In ______, which is a division of gross anatomy, all the elements in a particular area of the body are examined as a whole.

regional anatomy

True or false: As the human body grows in size, structures such as the brain become more complex.

true

True or false: the process of pinocytosis is nonspecific because all solutes dissolved in the droplet are taken into the cell.

true

An enclosed membrane sac formed through phagocytosis is called a?

vacuole

The correct anatomical term for spinal column is

vertebral

The correct anatomical term for armpit is ______.

axillary

which of the following regions corresponds to the forearm? a. clavicle b. antebrachial c. femoral d. pes

b. antebrachial

Mammary is to _____ as brachial is to arm

breast

The anatomical term for the ______ is sural.

calf

correctly describe the lymphatic system.

can initiate an immune response, transports and filters lymph

The anatomical term for head is

cephalic

The anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle is ______.

crural

In osmosis and simple diffusion, the net movement of molecules will continue until the concentration gradient no longer exists. This end point is called?

equilibrium

What is the function of the respiratory system?

exchange of gasses between blood and the air in the lungs

Osmosis is a type of diffusion in which the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is from a region of ____ water concentration to a region of ____ water concentration

higher/lower

What type of material passes readily through the cell membrane?

lipid soluble material

Which organ system initiates an immune response when necessary?

lymphatic system

Which organ system is responsible for the initiation of the immune response?

lymphatic system

Which organ system is a regulatory organ system that controls body movement and is responsible for intelligence?

nervous system

The nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane structure called the?

nuclear envelope

The anatomical term for the back of the head is

occipital

The simple diffusion of water is called?

osmosis

which region refers to the anterior portion of the knee? a. patellar b. popliteal c. pes d. inguinal

a. patellar

On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the

abdominal

what term describes the state of maintaining a constant internal environment in the body? a. reproduction b. homeostasis c. responsiveness d. growth

b. homeostasis

when you palpate your sternum and recognize that it overlies the heart, or you palpate your clavicle and realize that the brachial plexus underlies it, you are practicing which of the following anatomical specialties? a. microscopic anatomy b. surface anatomy c. pathologic anatomy d. systemic anatomy

b. surface anatomy

Which serous membrane covers the surface of the lung? a. parietal pleura b. visceral pleura c. parietal peritoneum d. visceral peritoneum

b. visceral pleura

Organs of the female reproductive system include _____, _____, _______.

ovary, uterus, vagina

If the inside of a cell has a net negative charge, which type of extracellular ion will be most attracted to the intracellular environment?

positive charged ion

The vertebral column is ______ to the heart.

posterior

Which is the primary function of the muscular system?

produces body movement

A student is studying the organ system that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and air. The student is most likely studying the ______ system.

respiratory

What are functions of epithelial tissues?

secretions, sensations, selective permeability, physical protection.

most passive transport mechanisms require a cell membrane in order to occur. The one passive process that does not require a membrane is the ______

simple diffusion

What are the four major passive transport processes?

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and bulk filtration

1. anatomical term for ankle

tarsus/ tarsal

Which characteristics describe epithelial tissue?

the cells are bound closely together, the basal surface is bound to a basement membrane, it is composed almost entirely of cells

What is an accurate description of the anatomic position?

the eyes look forward and the head is level

The anatomical term for chest is

thoracic, thorax, or pectoral

In the human body, epithelium is exemplified at which structural level of organization?

tissue level