Anatomy and Physiology Exam 4

The structure that connects muscle to bone is called a __________. a) meniscus b) ligament c) bursa d) tendon

d) tendon

Which of the following best describes actin filaments? a) A thin filament made of two intertwining strands whose subunits bind together like beads on a string b) A thick filament that looks like two golf clubs twisted together c) A long, ropelike regulatory protein that spirals around another protein, covering its active sites d) A small, globular regulatory protein that holds another protein in place

a) A thin filament made of two intertwining strands whose subunits bind together like beads on a string

What do skeletal muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue share in common? a) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues consist of striated muscle cells. b) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues perform peristalsis. c) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues are voluntary. d) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues possess intercalated discs.

a) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues consist of striated muscle cells.

Which of the following components is NOT part of a synovial joint? a) Epiphyseal plate cartilage b) Articular capsule c) Adipose tissue d) Synovial fluid

a) Epiphyseal plate cartilage

Which of the following is the most stable multiaxial ball-and-socket joint? a) Hip joint b) Elbow joint c) Knee joint d) Shoulder joint

a) Hip joint

Extensibility and elasticity are very different things, but both occur in muscle fibers. What would happen if a muscle fiber were extensible but not elastic? a) It would stretch but not return to its original shape. b) It would respond to stimuli but not stretch. c) It would contract but not conduct along the membrane. d) It would return to original shape but not contract.

a) It would stretch but not return to its original shape.

Which of the following wraps and surrounds an individual skeletal muscle fiber? a) endomysium b) perimysium c) epimysium d) sarcoplasmic reticulum

a) endomysium

While eating, you move your forearm and hand from the plate of food toward your face. Classify the movement occurring at the elbow joint. a) flexion b) abduction c) inversion d) extension

a) flexion

Which key feature distinguishes a synovial joint from other joint types? a) presence of a joint cavity b) presence of cartilage c) presence of collagen fibers d) presence of connective tissue

a) presence of a joint cavity

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid? a) protect tendons b) lubrication of the joint cavity c) shock absorption during movement d) provide nutrients to cells in the joint cavity

a) protect tendons

Which of the following is NOT a ligament associated with the knee joint? a) radial collateral ligament b) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) c) tibial collateral ligament d) posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

a) radial collateral ligament

What movement would you expect to see in a pivot joint? a) rotation b) opposition c) flexion d) abduction

a) rotation

Shaking your head as if to say "no" is a joint movement known as: a) rotation. b) circumduction. c) opposition. d) retraction.

a) rotation.

Functionally, how are cartilaginous joints classified? a) synarthroses or amphiarthroses b) amphiarthroses or diarthroses c) synarthroses or diarthroses d) fibrous or synovial

a) synarthroses or amphiarthroses

An epiphyseal plate is an example of a __________. a) synchondrosis b) syndesmosis c) symphysis d) gomphosis

a) synchondrosis

What component of a synovial joint lubricates the joint, supplies nutrients and removes metabolic wastes, and absorbs shock? a) synovial fluid b) articular cartilage c) adipose tissue d) ligament

a) synovial fluid

A disease that affects the production of collagen found in gomphoses would lead to: a) the inability of teeth to withstand the pressure of chewing. b) the skull being unsuitable to protect the brain. c) the long bones to cease in growing. d) the vertebrae compressing and not being able to resist tension.

a) the inability of teeth to withstand the pressure of chewing.

Which of the following is an example of a syndesmosis? a) the interosseous membrane situated between the radius and ulna in the forearm b) the coronal suture between the frontal and parietal bones c) the pubic symphysis located between the two pubic bones of the pelvic girdle d) a tooth and its corresponding pocket or alveolus in the mandible or maxilla

a) the interosseous membrane situated between the radius and ulna in the forearm

Eversion is a movement in which __________. a) the plantar surface of the foot rotates laterally b) a body part moves in an anterior direction c) the toes are pulled up toward the head d) a body part moves in an inferior direction

a) the plantar surface of the foot rotates laterally

If a synchondrosis were to increase in mobility... a) the stability of the surrounding structures would be impaired. b) they would be able to resist more tension and stress. c) a joint capsule would evolve allowing the full motion to occur. d) the surrounding structures would have more flexibility and movement.

a) the stability of the surrounding structures would be impaired.

Which of the following proteins forms elastic filaments? a) titin b) actin c) myosin d) troponin

a) titin

Titin is a spring-shaped elastic protein that attaches to the thick filament and anchors it to the Z-discs of a sarcomere. If titan was denatured, making it straight, it would no longer be able to: a) uncoil when stretched and recoil when the force is removed. b) recoil when stretched and uncoil when the force is removed. c) hold the thick filament in place. d) contract the sarcomere.

a) uncoil when stretched and recoil when the force is removed.

Which of the following is NOT a function of joints? a) Joints allow long bones to lengthen. b) All joints allow a wide variety and range of motions. c) Joints enable movement. d) Joints provide stability.

b) All joints allow a wide variety and range of motions.

Which of the following is descriptive of skeletal muscle fibers? a) Skeletal muscle fibers are uninucleate. b) Skeletal muscle fibers are striated. c) Skeletal muscle fibers are smaller than most cells. d) Skeletal muscle fibers lack a sarcolemma and myofibrils.

b) Skeletal muscle fibers are striated.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of cartilaginous joints? a) These joints do not have a joint cavity. b) These joints contain dense regular collagenous connective tissue. c) Articulating bones are held together by cartilage. d) These joints allow little to no motion.

b) These joints contain dense regular collagenous connective tissue.

While warming up for gym class, Sheila performed a set of jumping jacks. This action involves: a) protraction and retraction. b) abduction and adduction. c) opposition and reposition. d) flexion and extension.

b) abduction and adduction.

Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis? a) an intervertebral disc situated between the vertebrae of the spinal column b) an epiphyseal plate found between the shaft (diaphysis) and the end (epiphysis) of a long bone c) the coronal suture situated between the frontal bone and parietal bone d) the pubic symphysis and the two surrounding pubic bones of the pelvic girdle

b) an epiphyseal plate found between the shaft (diaphysis) and the end (epiphysis) of a long bone

If the ligaments of a synovial joint became very loose, the individual would... a) have the greater stability of the joint. b) be more prone to dislocating the joint. c) reinforce the joint with tendons surrounding it. d) have two bones too close together.

b) be more prone to dislocating the joint.

In the knee joint, the medial meniscus is: a) elastic cartilage. b) fibrocartilage. c) hyaline cartilage. d) dense regular collagenous connective tissue.

b) fibrocartilage.

Shaking the head to indicate "yes" involves __________. a) rotation of the head b) flexion and extension of the neck c) lateral flexion of head and neck d) protraction and retraction of head

b) flexion and extension of the neck

What are the two articulations present in the elbow joint? a) glenohumeral joint and the coracohumeral joint b) humeroulnar joint and the humeroradial joint c) radioulnar joint and the glenohumeral joint d) tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint

b) humeroulnar joint and the humeroradial joint

While walking through the parking lot to her car, Tara stepped in chewing gum. She medially rotated her foot toward the midline of the body to see the gum, performing: a) eversion. b) inversion. c) protraction. d) opposition.

b) inversion.

The hip joint is an example of a __________. a) biaxial joint b) multiaxial joint c) uniaxial joint d) triaxial joint

b) multiaxial joint

Which of the following proteins is a component of thick filaments? a) troponin b) myosin c) tropomyosin d) actin

b) myosin

Which protein does NOT belong in a thin filament? a) tropomyosin b) myosin c) troponin d) actin

b) myosin

The least mobile synovial joint, which is comprised of two bones whose flat surfaces articulate with each other, is called a __________. a) condylar joint b) plane joint c) ball-and-socket joint d) saddle joint

b) plane joint

Which of the following movements does NOT take place at a saddle joint? a) circumduction b) rotation c) abduction and adduction d) flexion and extension

b) rotation

What type of biaxial joint is characterized by articulating bones with a deeper complementary fit, one with a convex surface and the other with a concave surface? a) pivot joint b) saddle joint c) hinge joint d) ball-and-socket joint

b) saddle joint

What is the functional contractile unit of the myofibril where muscle tension is produced? a) I band b) sarcomere c) A band d) sarcolemma

b) sarcomere

Fibrous joints are built for: a) a great degree of movement. b) stability. c) shock absorption. d) flexibility.

b) stability.

A synarthrosis that forms between adjacent bones of the skull is called a __________. a) synchondrosis b) suture c) syndesmosis d) symphysis

b) suture

Which of the following best represents the functional classifications of joints ranked from least movable to most movable? a) amphiarthrosis, synarthrosis, diarthrosis b) synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis c) synarthrosis, diarthrosis, amphiarthrosis d) diarthrosis, synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis

b) synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

The most moveable fibrous joints are the __________. a) gomphoses b) syndesmoses c) symphyses d) sutures

b) syndesmoses

Since articular cartilage is avascular, what provides oxygen and nutrients and removes metabolic wastes? a) ligaments b) synovial fluid c) bursae d) tendon sheaths

b) synovial fluid

When the sarcomere contracts and shortens, __________. a) the zones of overlap become smaller b) the A band stays the same c) the Z-disks move further apart d) the I-band becomes larger

b) the A band stays the same

If the human carpometacarpal thumb joint were a uniaxial hinge joint instead of a saddle joint... a) the thumb would exhibit rotational movement. b) the ability to grasp and hold objects would be hindered. c) then sliding and twisting motions would become prominent. d) it would allow for abduction and adduction but not flexion and extension.

b) the ability to grasp and hold objects would be hindered.

What best describes the structure of a synovial joint? a) No joint space separates the articulating bones. b) The joint is fastened together by dense regular collagenous connective tissue. c) A fluid-filled cavity is found between the articulating bones. d) Cartilage is situated between the articulating bones.

c) A fluid-filled cavity is found between the articulating bones.

Why will a patient that injures a tendon feel pain at the joint? a) A tendon is within the articular capsule of a joint, and when contracted, pain is felt within the joint. b) A tendon attaches two bones together at a joint and if damaged, the pain is felt at the joint. c) A tendon crosses a joint, and when the tendon is pulled taut by the muscle, the pain is felt at the joint. d) Tendons are fluid-filled sacs that minimize friction and will rupture when injured, causing joint pain.

c) A tendon crosses a joint, and when the tendon is pulled taut by the muscle, the pain is felt at the joint.

The central region of the A band that lacks thin filaments is the: a) sarcomere. b) I band. c) H zone. d) Z disc.

c) H zone.

A football player received the bad news that he tore his anterior cruciate ligament. What does this mean for the range of motion of his knee? a) He will not be able to straighten his knee and will suffer a disabling injury. b) He will have difficulty bending the knee and it will allow too much lateral movement. c) His knee will exhibit more extension and hyperextension by shifting the tibia too far anteriorly on the femur. d) His knee will exhibit more flexion and his tibia may dislocate from the femur posteriorly.

c) His knee will exhibit more extension and hyperextension by shifting the tibia too far anteriorly on the femur.

What is a function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee joint? a) The ACL prevents the tibia from displacing itself posteriorly from the femur. b) The ACL prevents the tibia from moving too far medially on the femur. c) The ACL prevents the tibia from moving too far anteriorly on the femur. d) The ACL prevents the tibia from moving too far laterally on the femur.

c) The ACL prevents the tibia from moving too far anteriorly on the femur.

Which of the following statements is true about both symphyses and synchondroses? a) They are fibrous joints. b) They contain hyaline cartilage. c) They do not have a joint cavity. d) They are amphiarthroses.

c) They do not have a joint cavity.

Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of the sliding filament mechanism? a) Thick filaments shorten while thin filaments remain unchanged. b) Z discs slide over the thick and thin filaments. c) Thin filaments slide past thick filaments towards the M line. d) Both thick and thin filaments shorten.

c) Thin filaments slide past thick filaments towards the M line.

A triad consists of: a) myosin filaments, myosin heads, and myosin tails. b) actin filaments, troponin, and tropomyosin. c) a transverse tubule (T-tubule) and two terminal cisternae. d) a fascicle of skeletal muscle cells and its surrounding perimysium.

c) a transverse tubule (T-tubule) and two terminal cisternae.

A joint that allows only a small amount of movement is called a(n) __________. a) synarthrosis b) metarthrosis c) amphiarthrosis d) diarthrosis

c) amphiarthrosis

Where would a gliding movement most likely occur? a) elbow joint b) hip joint c) between the intercarpal joints of the wrist d) atlantoaxial joint in the neck

c) between the intercarpal joints of the wrist

If the sutures of the skull were fused at birth... a) fontanels would still be present in infants. b) the cranial cavity would be very unstable. c) brain tissue would not be able to grow. d) the skull would have no need to continue growing.

c) brain tissue would not be able to grow.

Pow! A firecracker explodes close to you. Your mouth drops open in surprise, a movement known as: a) retraction. b) reposition. c) depression. d) opposition.

c) depression.

What is the basic function of all muscle tissue? a) regulate body temperature b) stabilize joints c) generate muscle tension d) produce voluntary contractions

c) generate muscle tension

The elbow joint is an example of a __________. a) ball-and-socket joint b) saddle joint c) hinge joint d) pivot joint

c) hinge joint

What best describes cartilaginous joints? a) free range of motion b) joint cavity c) little, if any, motion d) presence of synovial fluid in the joint cavity

c) little, if any, motion

Which of the following has the greatest range of motion? a) nonaxial joint b) uniaxial joint c) multiaxial (triaxial) joint d) biaxial joint

c) multiaxial (triaxial) joint

Elizabeth fell down a flight of stairs. The angle between her right foot and the tibia increased as her toes were bent toward the ground. What movement do you think caused her to injure her foot? a) abduction b) eversion c) plantar flexion d) dorsiflexion

c) plantar flexion

A ballerina who stands on the tips of her toes is performing: a) eversion. b) inversion. c) plantar flexion. d) dorsiflexion.

c) plantar flexion.

Which joint is associated with the rotator cuff, a group of muscles and their tendons? a) knee b) elbow c) shoulder d) hip

c) shoulder

Which of the following is NOT a location where a hinge joint is found? a) interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes b) knee c) shoulder d) elbow

c) shoulder

The glenoid cavity is the socket of the __________. a) knee joint b) hip joint c) shoulder joint d) elbow joint

c) shoulder joint

A herniated disc of the vertebral column would be an injury affecting a __________. a) suture b) synchondrosis c) symphysis d) gomphosis

c) symphysis

A patient with severe pain in the spine due to degenerative disc disease has chosen to have spinal fusion surgery to join the two vertebrae together, alleviating the pain. Once the bones have healed, the joint will resemble a a) synchondrosis joint. b) amphiarthrosis joint. c) synarthrosis joint. d) diarthrosis joint.

c) synarthrosis joint.

Which of the following is NOT a subclass of a fibrous joint? a) syndesmosis b) suture c) synchondrosis d) gomphosis

c) synchondrosis

Which of the following components of a synovial joint functions to connect muscle to bone? a) ligament b) bursa c) tendon d) synovial membrane

c) tendon

Deep inward extensions of the sarcolemma form a tunnel-like network inside the muscle cell known as: a) myofilaments. b) myofibrils. c) transverse tubules (T-tubules). d) the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

c) transverse tubules (T-tubules).

What type of joint allows motion around only one axis? a) biaxial b) multiaxial (triaxial) c) uniaxial d) nonaxial

c) uniaxial

An individual with drop foot, a condition that prevents dorsiflexion of the foot and ankle... a) will walk only on the heel of their foot. b) will not be able to raise their thigh and leg when walking. c) will drag their toes as they walk. d) will be able to run without issues.

c) will drag their toes as they walk.

If actin filaments were incapable of sliding past the myosin filaments... a) No contraction would occur, but tension would be generated. b) A contraction would occur, and tension would be generated. c) A contraction would occur, but no tension would be generated. d) Contraction would not occur, and tension would not be generated.

d) Contraction would not occur, and tension would not be generated.

Which statement best describes tendon sheaths? a) Tendon sheaths connect one bone to another to strengthen and reinforce articulating bones. b) Tendon sheaths help anchor the tendon to the muscle. c) Tendon sheaths are lined with dense irregular connective tissue. d) Tendon sheaths protect long tendons as they course over and around synovial joints.

d) Tendon sheaths protect long tendons as they course over and around synovial joints.

What anchors thin and elastic filaments in place within the myofibril? a) A band b) M line c) I band d) Z disc

d) Z disc

When you raise your hand to answer a question in class, which synovial joint movement allowed this to occur? a) circumduction b) adduction c) elevation d) abduction

d) abduction

The shoulder and hip joints are similar because they are both: a) uniaxial joints. b) hinge joints. c) biaxial joints. d) ball-and-socket joints.

d) ball-and-socket joints.

Synovial joints are __________. a) cartilaginous joints b) amphiarthroses c) syndesmoses d) diarthroses

d) diarthroses

A freely moveable joint is classified as a __________. a) amphiarthrosis b) synarthrosis c) gomphosis d) diarthrosis

d) diarthrosis

Determine the functional joint classification that provides the greatest mobility. a) synarthrosis b) amphiarthrosis c) cartilaginous d) diarthrosis

d) diarthrosis

The degree to which a muscle cell can stretch depends on its: a) contractility. b) excitability. c) conductivity. d) distensibility.

d) distensibility.

The elbow and knee joints are similar in that their primary motions are: a) inversion and eversion. b) abduction and adduction. c) rotation and circumduction. d) flexion and extension.

d) flexion and extension.

What type of motion at a synovial joint does NOT involve the movement of a joint around an axis? a) special b) rotation c) angular d) gliding

d) gliding

Marfan syndrome can cause hypermobility of a biaxial joint, allowing for... a) the inability to rotate the joint. b) abduction and adduction of the joint to be lost. c) more stability of the joint. d) hyperextension and circumduction of the joint.

d) hyperextension and circumduction of the joint.

Where is a condylar joint found? a) elbow joint b) atlantoaxial joint c) between the first metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and the trapezium d) metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers 2-5

d) metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers 2-5

What type of joint is a ball-and-socket joint? a) uniaxial joint b) biaxial joint c) nonaxial joint d) multiaxial (triaxial) joint

d) multiaxial (triaxial) joint

Abduction is a movement __________. a) of a body part toward the midline b) that increases the angle between the articulating bones c) that decreases the angle between the articulating bones d) of a body part away from the midline

d) of a body part away from the midline

A uniaxial joint that allows for rotation and consists of a bone with a rounded surface that fits into a groove on another bone is called a __________. a) ball-and-socket joint b) condylar joint c) hinge joint d) pivot joint

d) pivot joint

The intercarpal and intertarsal joints are examples of __________. a) hinge joints b) condylar joints c) ball-and-socket joints d) plane joints

d) plane joints

Articular cartilage found at the ends of long bones serves to: a) produce synovial fluid. b) attach tendons. c) form the synovial membrane. d) reduce friction and absorb shock.

d) reduce friction and absorb shock.

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of skeletal muscle? a) generation of facial expressions b) voluntary control over defecation and urination c) thermoregulation d) regulation of the diameter of blood vessels and control of blood pressure

d) regulation of the diameter of blood vessels and control of blood pressure

What is the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle cells called? a) sarcoplasm b) sarcoplasmic reticulum c) sarcomere d) sarcolemma

d) sarcolemma

Muscle contraction can occur when: a) A bands lengthen. b) myosin filaments shorten. c) I bands remain unchanged. d) sarcomeres shorten.

d) sarcomeres shorten.

The storage and release of calcium ions is the key function of the: a) mitochondrion. b) sarcolemma. c) sarcoplasm. d) sarcoplasmic reticulum.

d) sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following movements is an example of abduction? a) extreme bending of the head backwards b) moving the hand toward the shoulder c) turning the palm of the hand upward d) spreading the fingers apart

d) spreading the fingers apart

Once the cranial bones reach skeletal maturity, they are joined by: a) diarthroses to protect the underlying brain. b) amphiarthroses to protect the underlying brain. c) syndesmoses to protect the underlying brain. d) synarthroses to protect the underlying brain.

d) synarthroses to protect the underlying brain.

When a skeletal muscle fiber contracts: a) the H zone narrows while the I bands widen. b) Z discs move farther apart while the A bands shorten. c) the A bands shorten while the I bands lengthen. d) the H zone and I bands narrow.

d) the H zone and I bands narrow.

What characteristic is NOT descriptive of cardiac muscle tissue? a) striations b) located in the heart c) intercalated discs d) voluntary muscle contractions

d) voluntary muscle contractions