Anatomy and Physiology I-Chapter 7 Learnsmart

which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons

- they contain collagen fibers -they are rings of bone tissue -their numbers vary among osteons

which statements characterize canaliculi

-Nutrients pass through them -they extend from lacunae to lacunae -they contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions

which are example of flat bones

-bones of the roof of the skull -shoulder blade bones -the breastbone (sternum)

which are true of rickets

-caused by vitamin D deficiency -occurs during childhood -patients have bowed legs

which statements characterize bone remodeling

-it can be stimulated by stress on a bone -it occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone -it helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids

which statements characterize articular cartilage?

-it funcation to reduce friction in joints -it covers an epiphysis -it is composed of hyaline cartilage

choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification

-lower limb bones -vertebrae -upper limb bones

functions of bone include

-support -mineral storage -blood cell formation -protection

which statements characterize the functions of cartilage?

-supports soft tissues -it provides a gliding surface at joints -it provides a model for the formation of bones

long bones include

-the thigh bone -the bones of the toes -the bone of the palm -the bones of the fingers

which statements characterize osteoclasts

-they are phagocytic -they secrete hydrochloric acid -they reabsorb bone matrix -they have ruffled borders

the role of estrogen and testosterone on maintenance and bone growth is to:

Stimulate osteoblasts and promote epiphyseal plate growth and closure

a bone fracture is

an abnormal break in a bone

a bone's growth in diameter is called ______ growth

appositional

______ connective tissue contains osteoblasts and osteocytes

bone

which are examples of short bone?

bones of the wrist, bones of the foot

in bone fracture repair, a fibrocartilaginous callus is replaced with a ______ callus

bony

the two primary hormones that regulate blood calcium are ______

calcitriol and parathyroid hormone

at least 90% of the bodys reserves of ______ and ______ are stored and released by bone

calcium and phosphate

spongy bone is also called

cancellous

the cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______

central canal

rings of bone directly internal to the periosteum of a bone are called

circumferential lamellae

an osteon is the basic functional and structural microscopic unit of mature ______ bone

compact

bone is a type of ______ tissue

connective

cartilage is what type of tissue

connective tissue

ligaments and tendons are made of:

dense regular connective tissue

oblique fracture

diagonal fracture at an angle between linear and transverse

the elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its

diaphysis

how does cartilage receive its nutrients

diffusion through the matrix

bone remodeling begins during

embryologic development

the bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through ______ ossification

endochondral

an incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called

endosteum

which structure replaces the epiphyseal plate?

epiphyseal line

the region of cartilage between the diaphysis and an epiphysis of a long bone during endochondral ossification is called the

epiphyseal plate

the expanded end of a long bone is called the

epiphysis

which hormones promote epiphyseal plate growth and closure

estrogen and testosterone

true of false: bone has a poor supply of blood vessels

false

true or false: osseous connective tissue is the only tissue type found in bones

false

transverse fracture

fracture at right angles to the long axis of the bone

linear fracture

fracture is parallel to the long axis of bone

bones provide structural support for the body by serving as a ______ for the entire body

framework

during bone development, the liver releases somatomedin in response to ______ hormone

growth

a blood clot within a bone fracture is called a fracture ______

hematoma

the process of blood cell production is called

hemopoiesis

high levels of cortisol ______ bone loss

increase

the function of parathyroid hormone is to

increase blood calcium levels

Growth from within cartilage is called

interstitial growth

bone growth within a membrane is called

intramembranous ossification

which statement describes compact bone

it is solid and relatively dense

chondrocytes occupy small spaces called

lacunae

in intramembranous ossification, what replaces woven bone

lamellar bone

Bones of the skeleton function as a system of ______ that are pulled when skeletal muscles contract

levers

choose the bone produced through intramembranous ossification

maxilla, mandible, flat bone of the skull

the cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ______

medullary cavity

the region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the ______

metaphysis

which blood vessels supplies the diaphysis of a long bone?

nutrient artery

the formation and development of bone is

ossification

mature bone cells are called

osteocytes

when osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called _______

osteocytes

insufficient ossification is a condition known as

osteopenia

decreased bone mass can caused a disease called

osteoporosis

greenstick fracture

partial fracture; convex side of bone breaks and the other side is bent

a ______ fracture occurs in bone that has been weakened by disease

pathologic

a tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called

periosteum

bone formation requires

phosphate, vitamin d, caclium

a fracture at the distal end of the fibula and malleolus of the tibia is specifically called a ______ fracture

pott

the region in the diaphysis of a long bone where bone replaces cartilage though endochondral ossification is called the ______ ossification center; it is the first major center of bone formation

primary

in endochondral ossification, ______ ossification centers form in the epiphyses of long bone

secondary

based on shape, bones that have a length about equal to their width are classified as ______ bones

short

broken bone does not penetrate the skin in a

simple fracture

the broken bone does not penetrate the skin in a

simple fracture

groups of bones serve as attachment sites for

skeletal muscles

a major role of thyroid hormone is bone remodeling is to

stimulate bone growth by influencing the basal metabolic rate of bone cells

a fracture which is a thin break caused by recent increased physical activity in which the bone experiences repetitive loads is called ______ fracture

stress

osteoprogenitor cells are located in

the periosteum, the endosteum

true or false: by age 25, most epiphyseal plates have ossified and lengthwise bone growth has stopped

true

true or false: the epiphyseal plate is composed of cartilage

true

which is an example of an irregular bone

vertebrae

in intramembranous ossification, newly formed bone that is immature and not well organized is called

woven bone