Anatomy chapter 3
What is an example that represents a segment of RNA?
AUGUCA
________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.
desmosomes
Type of tissue that can be simple or stratified
epithelial tissue
Type of tissue that has an apical surface and a basement membrane
epithelial tissue
The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________.
gene
What is NOT a structural component of the nucleus?
golgi apparatus
site of ATP synthesis
mitochondria
Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue?
skeletal muscle
synthesizes cholesterol and fat
smooth ER
________ tissue is commonly called fat.
adipose
Type of tissue that can be classified as loose or dense
connective tissue
In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ________.
cytokinesis
The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ________.
cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
________ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces.
exocrine
cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins
microtubules
increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption
microvilli
The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ________.
mitochondrion
Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses via cells called neurons?
nervous tissue
Bone is best described as ________.
osseous tissue
By what endocytosis process do some white blood cells engulf bacteria?
phagocytosis
The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________.
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?
protein carrier or channel
site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
The specific type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestine is ________.
simple columnar
Chromosomes stop moving at the completion of this phase
anaphase
What is required for osmosis to occur?
aquaporins
Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected?
atrophy
Type of tissue that consists of living cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix
connective tissue
Type of tissue that contains collagen, elastic, or reticular fibers
connective tissue
Type of tissue that supports, protects, and binds tissues together
connective tissue
Tendons and ligaments are classified as ________.
dense connective (fibrous) tissue
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.
endocrine
Type of tissue that is common in glands and their ducts
epithelial tissue
Which type of tissue is most likely to repair itself if injured?
epithelial tissue
Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules?
facilitated diffusion and solute pumping
Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?
flagella
What is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?
flagellum
Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ________.
gap (communicating) junctions
packages substances for release from cell
golgi apparatus
The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.
hydrophobic
A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell.
hypotonic
What is the first stage to occur during tissue repair (wound healing)?
inflammation
The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ________.
interphase
The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as ________.
interphase
The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ________.
lysosome
site of intracellular digestion
lysosomes
Chromosomes align at the center of the spindle
metaphase
Type of tissue that can be described as voluntary or involuntary
muscle tissue
Type of tissue that is specialized to contract and produce movement
muscle tissue
Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of ________.
nervous tissue
Type of tissue that is found in the brain and spinal cord
nervous tissue
Type of tissue whose two functional characteristics are irritability and conductivity
nervous tissue
The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ________.
organelles
The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________.
osmosis
What are two types of endocytosis?
phagocytosis and pinocytosis
What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid?
plasma membrane
What is required for filtration to occur?
pressure gradient
Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as ________.
regeneration
Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow.
reticular connective tissue
Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?
scar tissue
A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ________.
simple squamous epithelium
________ muscle tissue has no visible striations and is found in the walls of hollow organs.
smooth
Some antibiotics inhibit tRNA from delivering amino acids to the ribosome. What process cannot be completed?
translation
During transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed molecule of RNA?
uracil
Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?
glucose
The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ________.
golgi apparatus
DNA replication takes place during ________.
interphase
What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?
involuntary contractions
genetic control center of the cell
nucleus
What are the three basic parts or regions of a cell?
nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
Centrioles separate and move toward opposite sides of the cell
prophase
Nuclear envelope and nucleoli break down and disappear
prophase
Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order. 1. The protein folds into its functional shape. 2. The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing. 3. The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle. 4. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER.
4, 1, 3, 2
If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________.
CAT-CGT
Which of the following is NOT a hallmark feature of epithelial tissues?
Epithelial tissues are well vascularized
Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
anaphase
The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ________.
cartilage
Which type of connective tissue is avascular?
cartilage
The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ________.
cell
cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface
cilia
Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called ________.
codons
What is required for diffusion to occur?
concentration gradient
The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ________.
connective tissue
The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, and bind together body tissues are classified as ________.
connective tissues
Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________.
cytoplasm
internal framework composed of a network of protein structures
cytoskeleton
Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ________.
tissues
The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ________ and ________.
transcription, translation
The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ________.
transfer RNA (tRNA)
The process of transcription ________.
transfers information from DNA into mRNA
Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?
transitional epithelium
What process results in the exact duplication of DNA?
DNA replication
Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________.
do not require ATP
Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?
stratified squamous epithelium
The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ________ while cytosine pairs with ________.
thymine; guanine
The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________.
tight junctions
What are the parts of the cell theory?
1. The activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activities 2. The continuity of life has a cellular basis. 3. The activities of cells are determined by their structure, which determines function. 4. Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________.
smooth muscle
Cleavage furrow squeezes the cell into two parts
telophase
Cytokinesis is completed
telophase
Nucleoli appear in each daughter cell
telophase
Spindle breaks down and disappears
telophase
A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell.
the cell will shrink
