Anatomy chapter 3

What is an example that represents a segment of RNA?

AUGUCA

________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

desmosomes

Type of tissue that can be simple or stratified

epithelial tissue

Type of tissue that has an apical surface and a basement membrane

epithelial tissue

The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________.

gene

What is NOT a structural component of the nucleus?

golgi apparatus

site of ATP synthesis

mitochondria

Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue?

skeletal muscle

synthesizes cholesterol and fat

smooth ER

________ tissue is commonly called fat.

adipose

Type of tissue that can be classified as loose or dense

connective tissue

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ________.

cytokinesis

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ________.

cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

________ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces.

exocrine

cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins

microtubules

increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption

microvilli

The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ________.

mitochondrion

Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses via cells called neurons?

nervous tissue

Bone is best described as ________.

osseous tissue

By what endocytosis process do some white blood cells engulf bacteria?

phagocytosis

The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?

protein carrier or channel

site of protein synthesis

ribosomes

The specific type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestine is ________.

simple columnar

Chromosomes stop moving at the completion of this phase

anaphase

What is required for osmosis to occur?

aquaporins

Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected?

atrophy

Type of tissue that consists of living cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix

connective tissue

Type of tissue that contains collagen, elastic, or reticular fibers

connective tissue

Type of tissue that supports, protects, and binds tissues together

connective tissue

Tendons and ligaments are classified as ________.

dense connective (fibrous) tissue

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

endocrine

Type of tissue that is common in glands and their ducts

epithelial tissue

Which type of tissue is most likely to repair itself if injured?

epithelial tissue

Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules?

facilitated diffusion and solute pumping

Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?

flagella

What is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?

flagellum

Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ________.

gap (communicating) junctions

packages substances for release from cell

golgi apparatus

The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

hydrophobic

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell.

hypotonic

What is the first stage to occur during tissue repair (wound healing)?

inflammation

The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ________.

interphase

The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as ________.

interphase

The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ________.

lysosome

site of intracellular digestion

lysosomes

Chromosomes align at the center of the spindle

metaphase

Type of tissue that can be described as voluntary or involuntary

muscle tissue

Type of tissue that is specialized to contract and produce movement

muscle tissue

Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of ________.

nervous tissue

Type of tissue that is found in the brain and spinal cord

nervous tissue

Type of tissue whose two functional characteristics are irritability and conductivity

nervous tissue

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ________.

organelles

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________.

osmosis

What are two types of endocytosis?

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid?

plasma membrane

What is required for filtration to occur?

pressure gradient

Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as ________.

regeneration

Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow.

reticular connective tissue

Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?

scar tissue

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ________.

simple squamous epithelium

________ muscle tissue has no visible striations and is found in the walls of hollow organs.

smooth

Some antibiotics inhibit tRNA from delivering amino acids to the ribosome. What process cannot be completed?

translation

During transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed molecule of RNA?

uracil

Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?

glucose

The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ________.

golgi apparatus

DNA replication takes place during ________.

interphase

What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?

involuntary contractions

genetic control center of the cell

nucleus

What are the three basic parts or regions of a cell?

nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

Centrioles separate and move toward opposite sides of the cell

prophase

Nuclear envelope and nucleoli break down and disappear

prophase

Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order. 1. The protein folds into its functional shape. 2. The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing. 3. The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle. 4. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER.

4, 1, 3, 2

If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________.

CAT-CGT

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark feature of epithelial tissues?

Epithelial tissues are well vascularized

Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

anaphase

The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ________.

cartilage

Which type of connective tissue is avascular?

cartilage

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ________.

cell

cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface

cilia

Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called ________.

codons

What is required for diffusion to occur?

concentration gradient

The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ________.

connective tissue

The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, and bind together body tissues are classified as ________.

connective tissues

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________.

cytoplasm

internal framework composed of a network of protein structures

cytoskeleton

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ________.

tissues

The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ________ and ________.

transcription, translation

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ________.

transfer RNA (tRNA)

The process of transcription ________.

transfers information from DNA into mRNA

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

transitional epithelium

What process results in the exact duplication of DNA?

DNA replication

Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________.

do not require ATP

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?

stratified squamous epithelium

The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ________ while cytosine pairs with ________.

thymine; guanine

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________.

tight junctions

What are the parts of the cell theory?

1. The activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activities 2. The continuity of life has a cellular basis. 3. The activities of cells are determined by their structure, which determines function. 4. Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________.

smooth muscle

Cleavage furrow squeezes the cell into two parts

telophase

Cytokinesis is completed

telophase

Nucleoli appear in each daughter cell

telophase

Spindle breaks down and disappears

telophase

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell.

the cell will shrink