Anatomy Chapter 7

Steps of a reflex arc in order:

1. Sensory receptor -> 2. Sensory neuron -> 3. Integration center -> 4. Motor neuron -> 5. Effector organ

Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the:

Broca's area

List and explain the three general functions of the nervous system (SHORT ANSWER)

Define Sensory Input, Integration, & Motor Output

(Define) Motor/efferent division

Functional nervous system division that carries information from the central nervous system toward effectors

(Define) Sensory/afferent division

Functional nervous system subdivision that carries information toward the central nervous system from receptors

(Define) Peripheral nervous system/PNS

Structural nervous system subdivision that consists of spinal nerves and cranial nerves

(Define) Central Nervous System

Structural nervous system subdivision that consists of the brain and spinal cord

(Define) Autonomic nervous system

Subdivision of the motor division responsible for controlling involuntary events

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the:

autonomic nervous system

The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the:

axon

The term central nervous system refers to the:

brain and spinal cord

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the:

brain stem

(Define) Motor Neuron

carries message to an effector

(Define) Sensory neuron

carries message to the integration center

The major role of the interneuron is to:

connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways

Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system:

decreases activity of the digestive system

The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called:

dendrites

Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges:

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Muscles and glands are:

effectors

Bipolar neurons are commonly:

found in the eye and nose

A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged:

frontal lobe

Which lobe contains the primary motor area and enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements:

frontal lobe

The elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are known as _____ while the shallow grooves are termed _____.

gyri; sulci

The two major functional properties of neurons are:

irritability and conductivity

(Define) Effector organ

is the muscle or gland to be stimulated

The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of:

metabolic waste such as urea

Neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons, are structurally classified as:

multipolar

Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are:

myelinated

Which of these neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system:

oligodendrocytes

The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the

parasympathetic nervous system

(Define) Integration center

processes information and directs motor output

(Define) Sensory receptor

reacts to a stimulus

Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc:

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

The area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the:

reticular activating system (RAS)

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are:

sensory

The function of the olfactory nerve concerns:

smell

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response during threatening situations is the role of the:

sympathetic nervous system