Anatomy Final_pelvis

What part of the uterine tube can be described as the widest & longest part beginning at the medial end of infundibulum?

Ampulla

Which of the following statements regarding ureter is/are correct? A. they are intraperitoneal muscular tubes B. The ureter runs along the lateral wall of the pelvis to the bladder C. The ureter forms a flap valve where it crosses the pelvis brim D. the diameter of a normal ureter increases as it runs from the kidney to the bladder E. there is normally a narrowing of the ureter at it's midpoint

B. The ureter runs along the lateral wall of the pelvis to the bladder A; false they are retroperitoneal C; they form a flap AT the bladder D; diameter decreases E; not true

Which urethra passes from internal urethral orifice, inferior to symphysis pubis to external urethral orifice? A. male B. female

B. female

Non-gravid uterus lies in : A. the false (greater) pelvis B. the true (lesser) pelvis

B. the true (lesser) pelvis

Where is the greater sciatic notch?

Below the posterior superior illiac spine

which part of the penis has almost no muscles present?

Body

Which of the following statement regarding the bony pelvis are true? A. the greater pelvis lies below the pelvis inlet B. the lesser pelvis has some abdominal organs such as sigmoid colon and parts of ileum C. The lesser pelvis is found between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet D. The pelvic organs (bladder and reproductive organs) are found in the greater pelvis

C. The lesser pelvis is found between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet A. False; the greater pelvis lies above the pelvic inlet B. False; the greater pelvis has some abdominal organs such as sigmoid colon and parts of ileum D. The pelvic organs (bladder and reproductive organs) are found in the lesser pelvis

Which of the following statements regarding the fallopian tubes is/are correct? A. They lie in the free edge of the ovarian ligament B. The ampulla is the narrowest and shorten portion C. the isthmus is the thick-walled, part that enters the uterine horn D. The position of the tubes are fixed in life and very symmetrical E. All of the above

C. the isthmus is the thick-walled, part that enters the uterine horn A: false; the broad ligament is where the fallopian tubes are at the free edge B: ampulla is widest & longest part D: false

What is the perineum?

Diamond-shaped region between the pubic arch and coccyx, bordered laterally by the ischial tuberosities.

What begins in tail of epididymis & ascends in spermatic cord which passes thru inguinal canal?

Ductus Deferens

Which of the following are part of the male urethra? A. Prepostatic B. Prostatic C. membranous D. Penile E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Which layer of the uterine wall is sloughed off during menstruation?

Endometrium

What is the round ligament of the uterus?

Fibrous tissue and smooth muscle in lateral fold of the broad ligament on each side

what is the expansion of corpus spongiosum distally called?

Glans

Which bone of the pelvis is superior, flattened, fan-shaped?

Ilium

What part of the uterine tube can be described as a funnel-shaped distal end & opens to peritoneal cavity via abdominal ostium fimbriae over medial surface of ovary?

Infundibulum

There are three sections, to the male urethra with the prostatic urethra section being most proximal, what is the next section called?

Intermediate (Membranous) Part

What bone forms the posterior part of the acetabulum?

Ischium

What part of the uterine tube can be described as thick-walled part that enters the uterine horn?

Isthmus

What is the ejaculatory duct formed by?

It is formed of duct connecting seminal vesicle and ductus deferens it passes through the prostate before emptying into the urethra

which layer of the external vagina is described as folds of fat-free, hairless skin?

Labia Minora

Which layer of uterine wall is where main branches of blood vessels/nerves are?

Myometrium

What is leading cause of infertility?

PID

What is determined by hysterosalpingography or hysteroscopy?

Patency of Uterine Tubes: being open, expanded, or unobstructed

What is between the peritoneum & muscular pelvic walls/floor where there are no pelvic organs?

Pelvic Fascia

What is the basin-shaped ring of bones connects vertebral column to femurs?

Pelvic Girdle

Which male organ has a dense fibrous capsule?

Prostate

Which cartilaginous joint formed by union of bodies of bones in median plane?

Pubic Symphysis

What bone forms the anterior part of the acetabulum?

Pubis

What is the main nerve of perineum & chief sensory nerve of external genitalia?

Pudendal Nerve

Which vertebrae is the rectosigmoid junction at?

S3

Which joint movement is strong, weight bearing joint usually limited to slight gliding & rotary movements?

Sacroiliac

What is the largest nerve in body & passes thru the pelvic bone to enter buttock area?

Sciatic Nerve

What is the fibromuscular sac for testes & associated structures?

Scrotum

what is the most distal portion of the male urethra called?

Spongy Urethra

bulbs of vestibule with vestibular glands

The vestibule bulbs are two bulbs of erectile tissue that starts close to the inferior side of the body of the clitoris. The vestibular bulbs then extend towards the urethra and vagina on the medal edge of the crus of the clitoris. During sexual arousal, the vestibular bulbs will become engorged with blood

corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum

Two types of erectile tissue

What is a hollow viscus with strong muscular walls fully in lesser pelvis when empty

Urinary Bladder

What is the fornix of the vagina?

Ventral recess formed by the cervix projecting into the vagina

What is the epididymis?

a highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens site of sperm storage and maturation

mons pubis

a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women

Which one is the "false" pelvis? a. Greater Pelvis b. Lesser Pelvis

a. Greater Pelvis

Which pelvis is above the pelvic inlet? a. Greater Pelvis b. Lesser Pelvis

a. Greater Pelvis

What is posterior to the vagina?

anal canal and rectum

What is the suspensory ligament?

anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall ( yellow arrows)

Female urethra is ____________ ( anterior/posterior/lateral) to the vagina

anterior

pelvic outlet is bounded _________________ by public symphysis and _____________________ by coccyx

anteriorly posteriorly

ovarian arteries arise from __________ & enter the ____________ ligament

aorta suspensory

Which one is the "true" pelvis? a. Greater Pelvis b. Lesser Pelvis

b. Lesser Pelvis

Which pelvis is between pelvic inlet & outlet? a. Greater Pelvis b. Lesser Pelvis

b. Lesser Pelvis

What is anterior to the vagina?

bladder

Cervix is between the _______ & _________

bladder & rectum

What forms the anteroinferior wall of pelvic cavity?

bodies & rami of the pubic bones and the symphysis pubis

Ovaries are almond-shaped located near lateral attachment of ___________ ligament

broad

Which ligament extends from sides of uterus to lateral walls & floor of pelvis and assists in keeping the uterus centered & contains the ovaries, uterine tubes & related structures?

broad ligament

Anal ____________(sphincter/canal) normally collapsed except during passage of feces

canal

What is a caudal epidural block?

catheter in sacral canal to bath the S2-S4 spinal nerve roots anesthesia to cervix, vagina & afferent fibers from pudendal nerve

What is the vestibule?

cleft between labia minora

Which part of the vagina has 2 corpora cavernosa & glans muscle?

clitoris

What is the ovarian ligament?

connects the medial pole of ovary to lateral uterus

What is the seminal gland?

elongated structure lying between the fundus of bladder & rectum and obliquely placed superior to the prostate joins with the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct secrete thick alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm

What is the site of sperm storage and maturation?

epididymis

Which sphincter is under voluntary control?

external urethral sphincter

pudendal cleft

fissure between labia majora

What are the three lateral flexures (superior, intermediate and inferior) formed by in the rectum?

formed by transverse folds of the internal rectum wall.

What forms the lateral walls of pelvic cavity?

hip bones including the obturator foramen

On which bone is the greater sciatic notch located?

ilium

What bone forms the superior part of the acetabulum?

ilium

What is salpingitis?

inflammation of the fallopian tubes

What is ligation of Uterine Tubes?

is surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy. It has commonly been called "getting your tubes tied." It is also called a female sterilization. Tubal refers to the fallopian tubes. performed thru short suprapubic incision or laparoscopically

the female the perineum

is the region between the vaginal orifice and the anus.

What parts of the ischium and pubis meet to form the inferior border of the obturator foramen?

ischial ramus meets with inferior ramus of pubis

Which pelvic bones have both a body & ramus?

ischium and pubis ischial ramus ischial body body of pubis inferior ramus of pubis

What are the lumbosacral joints?

joint between L5 and S1

the clitoris is an erectile organ located where the _________ (labia minora/labia majora) meet anteriorly

labia minora

prepuce (foreskin)

layer of skin that covers the glans penis in uncircumcised males

What muscles form the pelvic floor?

levator ani and coccygeus muscles

ischiocavernosus muscle

lies over proximal corpus cavernous which compress erectile tissue

Which prostate lobe is responsible for BPH?

median lobe

pelvic nerves

mostly innervated from sacral & coccygeal spinal nerves & pelvic part of autonomic nervous system

What is the isthmus of the uterus?

narrowed region between the body and cervix

Are ovaries covered by peritoneum?

no

Which nerve innervates the lower extremity adductor muscles?

obturador nerve

clitoris

organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra

labia majora and minora

outer and inner skin fold, protects vaginal opening

Ovaries attach to uterus by the ligament of ________

ovary

What are the bulbourethral glands?

pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate

superior boundary of pelvic cavity is _________________

pelvic inlet

Which pelvic inlet is bounded anteriorly by pubic symphysis and posteriorly by coccyx?

pelvic outlet

inferior boundary is of pelvic cavity is _________________

pelvic outlet

sacrococcygeal joint

pertaining to the joint between the sacrum and the coccyx

sacral plexus is closely related to anterior surface of ___________ muscle

piriformis

What organs/ parts of organs are found in the lesser pelvis?

- bladder - reproductive organs

prostrate - glandular part is ___/3 of prostate - fibromuscular part is ___/3

- glandular part is 2/3 of prostate - fibromuscular part is 1/3

What are the three bones that are form the right/left hip bones?

- ilium - ischium - pubis

What structures can be palpated from a rectal exam?

prostate & seminal glands in males cervix in females also palpate the sacrum/coccyx, ischial spines & tuberosities may demonstrate tenderness of inflammed appendix

What is the male urethra innervated by?

prostatic nerve plexus

Hip bones joined anteriorly at __________________ & ____________ posteriorly at ________________

pubic symphysis sacrum sacroiliac joints

scrotal _________ is continuous with the penile __________

raphe

What are the three cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue?

- paired corpora cavernosa -single corpus spongiosum ventrally

What does the pelvic viscera include?

- rectum - urinary bladder - parts of ureters - parts of reproductive system

What organs/ parts of organs are found in the greater pelvis?

- sigmoid colon - some loops of ileum

What is the spermatic cord?

- vas deferens - cremasteric muscle - testicular arter - genital branch of genitofemoral nerve - testicular pampiniform - venous plexus

What are the four parts of the uterine tube?

1. Infundibulum 2. Ampulla 3. Isthmus 4. uterine part

The ureters are ____________ ( retroperitoneal/ anteriorperitoneal) muscular tubes connecting kidneys to bladder. They cross the pelvic ________ & run on _________ (anterior/lateral/posterior) walls of pelvis to bladder They form _____-way (one/two) flap valve at bladder

retroperitoneal brim lateral one

What joints of the pelvic girdle link skeleton of trunk with lower limb?

sacroiliac & pubic symphysis

What are the four lobes of the prostate?

1. anterior (isthmus) 2. Posterior 3. right/left lateral lobes 4. median lobe (responsible for BPH)

What is the bone formed by fusion of 5 originally separate vertebrae?

sacrum

What forms the posterior wall of pelvic cavity?

sacrum/coccyx, sacroiliac joints, piriformis muscle

_________ ligament carries the vessels, lymphatics, nerves

suspensory

What part of the uterine tube can be described as the short intramural segment passes thru wall of uterus & opens into uterine cavity via uterine ostium?

the Uterine Part

What is the spread of the fan of the illuim called?

the ala

What are the uterine horns?

the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet superolateral where the tubes enter

What is the pelvic part of alimentary tract continuous proximally with sigmoid colon and distally with anal canal?

the rectum

What is lateral to the vagina?

the ureters, pelvic fascia & levator ani

T/F The body of the utertus lies on the bladder

true

T/F both men and women have bulbospongiosus muscle

true

T/F the vagina is usually collapsed

true

What organ is superior & posterior to the urinary bladder?

uterus

What are the three layers of the uterine wall?

1. perimetrium: outer, serous coat 2. myometrium: muscular coat of smooth muscle that distends during pregnancy 3. endometrium: inner mucous coat actively involved in menstrual cycle

What are the four parts of the male urethra?

1. preprostatic 2. prostatic 3. membranous 4. spongy or penile

What are the walls of pelvic cavity?

1. pubic bones = anteroinferior wall 2.hip bones = two lateral walls 3. sacrum/coccyx = posterior wall

What muscles make up the levator ani?

1. puborectalis 2. pubococcygeus 3. iliococcygeus

What four muscles act as sphincters in the vagina?

1. pubovaginalis 2. external urethral sphincter 3. urethrovaginal sphincter 4. bulbospongiosus

What two nerves does the sacral plexus branch to form?

1. sciatic nerve 2. pudendal nerve

What are the three superficial perineal muscles of the female?

1. superficial transverse perineal 2. ischiocavernosus 3. bulbospongiosus muscles

what is the vestibule of the female vagina?

vestible = opening so this is the space surround by the labia minora with the opening to the urethra, vagina canal and ducts of the vestibular gland

Where is the interpubic disc?

where the two hip bones articulate with each other on the anterior side of the pelvis wider in women

Does the ductus deferens passes thru the inguinal canal?

yes

What is the female urethra innervated by?

1. vesical plexus 2. pudendal nerve

What is the ductus deferens?

2nd part of the duct system that begins at the tail of the epididymis and ascends up into the spermatic cord and ends joining the duct of seminal gland forming ejaculatory duct