Anatomy Nervous System and Eye
What is astigmatism?
An uneven curvature of the cornea which causes a distortion in vision
If you are using the right side of your brain what could you be working on?
Artistic capabilities
What structure passes messages onto other neurons?
Axons
What is the name of the outer meningeal layer surrounding the spinal cord?
Dura mater
What part of the brain controls fear, rage, and aggression?
amygdala
What part of the brain controls instinctive behavior?
amygdala
What part of the brain houses traumatic memories?
amygdala
What part of the brain is responsible for breathing?
brain stem
What part of the brain is responsible for heartbeat?
brain stem
What part of the brain is responsible for involuntary movements?
brain stem
What is the purpose of cerebrospinal fluid?
carries gases, nutrients and wastes
What eye condition is present if the lens is hard and opaque?
cataracts
What part of the brain controls balance and muscle coordination?
cerebellum
What part of the brain is responsible for balance?
cerebellum
What part of the brain is responsible for artistic and mathematical ability?
cerebrum
What part of the brain is responsible for attitudes and emotion?
cerebrum
What part of the brain is responsible for learning?
cerebrum
What part of the brain is responsible for voluntary movements?
cerebrum
What purpose does the hippocampus serve?
converts short term to long term memory
Give one function of the temporal lobe
hearing and smell
What part of the brain is responsible for hunger and thirst?
hypothalamus
What is the part of the eye that focuses lights coming into the eye?
lens
What is it called when a message bypasses the brain and goes to the spinal cord and to the motor neuron?
reflex
What is a neurotransmitter?
A chemical released into the synapse that locks on to receptor molecules.
2 differences between the human eye and sheep eye?
A human eye can move to look up and the sheep eye has a tapetum for night vision.
How much does the average brain weigh?
3 lbs
how many pairs of nerves come off the spinal cord?
31
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Brain and spinal cord
What part of the brain controls involuntary actions such as breathing and heartbeat?
Brain stem
2 major divisions of the nervous system
Central and peripheral
3 functions of the nervous system
Controls organs and glands Controls skeletal muscles Helps maintain homeostasis
What part of the eye is the "window of the eye"
Cornea
What structure connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain?
Corpus callosum
What structure carries messages to the cell body?
Dendrites
If you wear a convex lens what is wrong with your sight?
Farsightedness
Name the four lobes of the brain?
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital
What part of the brain controls hunger, thirst, and body temperature?
Hypothalamus
What causes inflammation of the meninges?
Infection of the fluid surrounding the spinal cord
Why are axons coated with myelin?
It acts as an insulator and increases the speed of neural signals down the axon.
If you are using the left side of your brain what could you be working on?
Logical thinking
Inflammation of the meninges is known as?
Meningitis
Give one function of the parietal lobe
recognizing shape
What happens during an action potential?
Molecular message is sent to neighboring neurons
A chemical signal used in transmitting nerve impulses is called a _________________.
Neurotransmitter
What causes the blind spot
No rods or cones in that spot
Name the 3 layers of tissue of the eye
Retina, sclera, and choroid
What is the white part of the eye called?
Sclera
List the 3 types of neurons
Sensory, Interneurons, and Motor
Which sense receives the most info?
Sight
Name the five senses
Sight, smell, hearing, taste, touch
Describe meninges and their function
Specialized membranes that isolate the spinal cord from surroundings. They protect the spinal cord and carry blood supply
What is the difference between the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system?
The autonomic nervous system involves automatic, involuntary, reflexes. The somatic nervous system is voluntary and controls skeletal muscle response to external stimuli.
What is the difference between an axon and a dendrite as far as function is concerned?
The axon is the cell's output structure and dendrites provide room for more connections to other neurons
Explain what occurs if someone has glaucoma
The drainage of the aqueous humor is blocked
A response to a stimulus is a _______
reflex
If neurons are damaged, how do they repair themselves
They do not
What part of the eye gives it its shape?
Vitreous humor
Explain farsightedness
You can see distant objects, but you can't see close objects
Explain nearsightedness
You can see near objects well, but can't see far away
Example for autonomic system
organs and glands, heart, stomach, and intestines
What part of the brain controls metabolism, growth, and the menstrual cycle?
pituitary gland
What part of the brain is responsible for regulating metabolism?
pituitary gland
give 3 reasons why someone may require a spinal tap
possible infection diagnosed disease measure CSF pressure
Example for somatic system
receptors in skin
Difference between rods and cones?
rods respond in dim light and cones give you color vision in bright light
Describe motor neurons
send info away from central nervous system to muscles and glands
Describe interneurons
send info between sensory and motor
Describe sensory neurons
send info from sensory organs toward the central nervous system
What protects the spinal cord
spinal meninges
List 3 reflexes humans have
spinal reflex, neural reflex, and patellar reflex
A change in the environment is called a ______
stimulus
In which lobe of the brain is the hippocampus located?
temporal lobe
Where are the rods and cones located in the eye?
the retina
Give one function of the frontal lobe
thought
Give one function of the occipital lobe
vision