Anatomy Quiz RS Sheet 42: Anatomy of Reproductive System.

Glands that produce milk during lactation.

Alveoli

What is an ectopic pregnancy, and how can it happen?

An ectopic pregnancy is when an *embryo implants in a site other than the uterus*. For example, in a *uterine tube* or even on the *abdominal viscera*. Such implantation's are usually unsuccessful and may even endanger the mothers life because the uterine tubes cannot accommodate the increasing size of the fetus.

Pigmented area surrounding the nipple.

Areola

Empties a secretion into the intermediate part of the urethra.

Bulbo-urethral glands

Becomes erect during sexual excitement

Clitoris

Muscular passageway conveying sperm to the ejaculatory duct; in the spermatic cord.

Ductus (Vas) Deferens

Which of these is sloughed during menses?

Endometrium

Sperm maturation site.

Epididymis

Partially closes the vaginal opening; a membrane

Hymen

Copulatory organ/ penetrating device

Penis

Describe the composition of semen, and name all structures contributing to its formation.

Semen is composed of *sperm*, and *seminal fluid*. Which is produced by the accessory glands which include the prostate, the seminal glands, and the bulbo-urethral glands.

Describe the *epithelium* found in the *uterine tube*.

A ciliated secretory epithelium lines the uterine tube.

Location of testis in adult males.

Scrotum

Name the *three layers* of the *uterine wall* from the *inside out*.

*E*ndometrium->*m*yometrium->*p*erimetrium

Do any sperm enter the pelvic cavity of the female? why of why not?

*Yes*, because there is *no anatomic continuity* between the *ovary* and the *first part of the duct system (uterine tube)* which opens to the pelvic cavity.

Would you expect a male with benign prostatic hyperplasia to have difficulty with ejaculation? Why or why not?

*Yes*, the prostate enlarge, press on the prostatic urethra and therefore closure may occur causing difficulty with ejaculation.

The *testis* is divided into a number of *lobes* by connective tissue. Each of these lobes contains *one to four*...

*highly coiled seminiferous tubules*, which converge to empty sperm into another set of tubules called the *rete testis*.

List the two principal functions of the *testis*

1) To produce sperm 2)To produce testosterone

A screening tool for benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer includes palpation of the prostate. Explain how this is accomplished.

A doctor inserts a gloved lubricated finger into the *rectum*, and palpates the *anterior portion* of the *rectal wall*.

Fingerlike ends of the uterine tube

Fimbriae

Portion of the urethra that is located in the urogenital diaphragm.

Intermediate part of the urethra

Assume that a couple has just consummated the sex act and that the *sperm have been deposited in the vagina*. Trace the *pathway of the sperm through the female reproductive tract*.

It enters the *vagina*-> then into the *cervix*-> then into the *uterus*-> then into the *uterine tube*-> and into the *peritoneal cavity*.

Where is it located? ^^^

It passes through the *scrotal sac* through the *inguinal canal* into the *abdominal cavity*.

Enlarged storage chamber for milk.

Lactiferous Sinus

Duct connecting alveoli to the storage chambers.

Lactiferous duct

Subdivision of mammary lobes that contains alveoli.

Lobule

Which contracts during birth?

Myometrium

Releases milk to the outside.

Nipple

Produces oocytes, estrogen's, and progesterone

Ovaries

Loose fold of skin encircling the glans penis.

Prepuce

Empties a secretion into the prostatic urethra.

Prostate

Using the following terms trace the *pathway of sperm* from the *testes* to the *urethra*.

Seminiferous tubule-> rete testis-> epididymis-> Ductus deferens.

Which structures compose the spermatic cord? (5)

The ductus (vas) deferens, blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, and connective tissue sheaths compose the spermatic cord.

Name the structures composing the *external genitalia*, or *vulva*, of the female. (8)

The external genitalia (vulva) consists of the *mons pubis*, the *labia majora and minora*, the *clitoris*, the *external urethral* and *vaginal orifices*, the *hymen*, and the *greater vestibular glands*.

What is the function of the *stereocilia* exhibited by the epithelial cells of the mucosa of the *epididymis*?

The function of the stereocilia exhibited by the epithelial cells of the mucosa of the epididymis, *is to absorb excess fluid* and *provide nutrients to the maturing sperm*.

Why are the testes located in the scrotum rather than inside the ventral body cavity?

The testes are located in the scrotum to provide a *slightly cooler temperature* necessary to produce *sperm*.

What is the *function* of the *cavernous bodies* seen in the penis?

This tissue can become engorged with blood, thus making the penis stiff and more effective as a penetrating device.

Describe the arrangement of the *layers of smooth muscle* in the *seminal gland*.

Two layers of smooth muscle surround the seminal gland, *an inner circular layer* and an *outer longitudinal layer*.

Duct extending from ovaries to the uterus

Uterine (fallopian) tube

Egg typically fertilized here

Uterine (fallopian) tube

Site of fetal development

Uterus

Copulatory canal

Vagina

Describe the procedure for *self-examination* of the *breasts*.

While lying down, place on arm behind your head and with the three middle fingers of the other arm palpate the breasts in a circular motion, pressing first lightly, then with increasing pressure. Check the entire breast *systematically* using a *vertical pattern* from *superior to lateral* to *inferior medial regions*. *Visually inspect* for changes in the *size and shape* of your breasts. Take note of the skin of the breast by identifying for any *puckering or dimpling*. Additionally look for any *discoloration and/ or redness*.

Put the following *vestibular-perineal structures* in their proper order from the *anterior to the posterior* aspect:

Anterior limit: Clitoris-> external urethral opening-> vaginal orifice-> anus.

Of what importance is the fact that seminal fluid is alkaline?

Seminal fluid is alkaline, which buffers the *sperm* against the acidity of the female vagina.

Distal urethra that transports both sperm and urine.

Spongy Urethra