ANS 2
Indicate the statements that accurately describe muscarinic receptors.
ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an inhibitory effect on some cells. All cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and gland cells have muscarinic receptors. ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an excitatory effect on some cells.
Which neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division?
Acetylcholine
What are two receptors that bind norepinephrine?
Alpha-adrenergic Beta-adrenergic
Identify the region of the CNS that has nuclei for regulating cardiac and vasomotor control, salivation, swallowing, sweating, gastrointestinal secretion, bladder control, and pupillary constriction/dilation.
Brainstem
What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the respiratory system?
Bronchoconstriction
Which send input to the ANS?
Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Medulla oblongata Spinal cord
Which receptors bind to ACh?
Cholinergic
Which are autonomic reflexes regulated by the spinal cord?
Defecation Erection Micturition Ejaculation
An organ that receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers is said to have what?
Dual innervation
True or false: The limbic system is the part of the brain involved with coordination of motor input.
FALSE
What region of the brain is the primary regulator of the visceral motor system?
Hypothalamus
Which is the major control center of the visceral motor system?
Hypothalamus
Which are effects of the parasympathetic division on the digestive system?
Increased gastrointestinal secretion Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion Increased gastric motility
Which are effects of the sympathetic division on the circulatory system?
Increased heart rate Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin Vasoconstriction of visceral blood vessels Increased blood clotting
Which of the following describes an alpha-adrenergic receptor?
It is usually excitatory and may use a calcium second messenger system.
Which describes a beta-adrenergic receptor? Select all that apply.
It is usually inhibitory. It inhibits smooth muscle of the bronchioles, enhancing airflow. It uses a cAMP second messenger system.
Which describes the autonomic nervous system?
It originates in the CNS and receives input from the cerebral cortex, the hypothalamus, and the medulla oblongata.
Which describes a beta-adrenergic receptor? Select all that apply
It uses a cAMP second messenger system. It is usually inhibitory. It inhibits smooth muscle of the bronchioles, enhancing airflow.
Which are sympathetic effects on the reproductive system?
Labor contractions of the uterus Smooth muscle contraction during orgasm
Which neurons secrete acetylcholine?
Most preganglionic sympathetic neurons Most preganglionic parasympathetic neurons Most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
______ receptors are cholinergic receptors that are found at the synapses of all autonomic ganglia, on cells of the adrenal medulla, and at neuromuscular junctions.
Nicotinic
Which neurotransmitter is most commonly secreted by postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Norepinephrine
Which division of the ANS causes a decreased heart rate, vasodilation of visceral blood vessels, and vasodilation of the skin's blood vessels?
Parasympathetic
Which division of the ANS causes contraction of the urinary bladder wall and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter?
Parasympathetic
Which division of the ANS causes pupillary constriction and contraction of the ciliary muscle for near vision?
Parasympathetic division
Which nerve fibers secrete norepinephrine?
Postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division
Indicate which of the following are regulated by autonomic nuclei in the brainstem.
Pupillary constriction Vasomotor control Sweating Salivation
Which are sympathetic effects on the urinary system?
Reduced urine output by the kidneys Contraction of the internal urethral sphincter
What are the effects of the sympathetic division on the eye?
Relaxation of the ciliary muscle and lens for far vision Pupillary dilation
Which of the following are sympathetic effects on the integumentary system?
Secretion from apocrine sweat glands Secretion from merocrine sweat glands
Which region of the CNS integrates the reflexes for micturition, defecation, erection and ejaculation?
Spinal cord
Which division of the ANS causes a decrease in gastrointestinal secretions, pancreatic enzymes, and pancreatic insulin?
Sympathetic
Which division of the ANS causes bronchodilation in the respiratory system?
Sympathetic
Where is the limbic system located?
Within the cerebral cortex
The neurotransmitter ______ binds to cholinergic receptors.
acetylcholine
The neurotransmitter norepinephrine binds to ______ receptors.
adrenergic
A(n) -adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory and uses a calcium second messenger system or inhibits cAMP.
alpha
The __________-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory and acts through a cAMP second-messenger system.
alpha
The __________-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory and acts through a cAMP second-messenger system.
beta
________ innervation refers to the fact that many structures in the body are innervated by nerve fibers from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
dual
Which division of the ANS causes penile or clitoral engorgement and stimulation of glandular secretion?
parasympathetic
Which division of the ANS stimulates sweat glands and piloerector muscle contraction?
sympathetic
