ISDS 551 - CH 5 Questions
False
A WBS is often depicted as a task-oriented pie chart. T/F
both can shorten the time needed to finish a project.
A similarity between the crashing technique and the fast tracking technique is that:
requirements traceability matrix (RTM)
A table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed
up to date
A ___ project scope statement is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.
WBS dictionary
A ____ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.
Mind mapping
After discovering WBS items and structure using the __ technique, you could then translate the information into chart or tabular form.
scope
All the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used tocreate them
Scope management
An up to date ___ is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.
False
Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software. T/F
scope validation
Formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables
Guidelines
If ___ for developing a WBS exist, it is very important to follow them.
Bottom up
In the __ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible.
False
It is easy to create a good WBS. T/F
project charter
Key inputs for preparing the project scope statement include the ___, requirements documentation, and organizational process assets such as policies and procedures related to scope statements as well as project files and lessons learned from previous, similar projects.
True
Lack of user input leads to problems with managing scope creep and controlling change. T/F
scope
Of the following constrains, it is most difficult to describe, agree upon, and meet the ___ goal of many projects.
Task
PMI uses the term ___ to describe each level of work in the WBS.
WBS
Some project management experts believe that work should not be done on a project if it is not included in the __.
False
The WBS is organized solely around project phases. T/F
Executing
The __ tasks vary the most from project to project.
Scope baseline
The approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary form the ___.
Project scope statement
The main outputs of scope definition are the __ and project document updates.
Inspection
The main tool for performing scope verification is ___.
Supporting documents
The project scope statement should reference __, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.
Joint Application Design (JAD)
Using highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems
Mind mapping
___ can be used for developing WBSs using the top down or bottom up approach.
Scope control
___ involves controlling changes to the project scope.
Mind mapping
___ is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas.
Variance
___ is the difference between planned and actual performance.
Scope creep
___ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.
WBS dictionary
document that includes detailed information about each WBS item
Project Cost Management
includes the processes required to ensure that a project team completes a project within an approved budget.
deliverable
product, such as a report or segment of software code, produced as part of a project
Estimating costs
involves developing an approximation or estimate of the costs of the resources needed to complete a project.
Acquiring the project team
involves getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project.
Developing the human resource plan
involves identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities and reporting relationships.
scope statement
should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project
Analogy Approach
Creating a WBS by using a similar project's WBS as a starting point
work package
A task at the lowest level of the WBS
True
A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. T/F
Work breakdown structure
A ___ is a deliverable oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that dfines the total scope of the project.
requirement
A condition or capability that must be met by the project or that must be present in the product, service, or result to satisfy an agreement or other formally imposed specification
work breakdown structure (WBS)
A deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope
project scope statement
A document that includes at least a description of the project, including its overall objectives and justification, detailed descriptions of all project deliverables, and the characteristics and requirements of products and services produced as part of the project
False
A project team always organizes the WBS around project products. T/F
False
A work package represents one component of the product that the project aims to deliver. T/F
True
A work package represents the level of work that the project manager monitors and controls. T/F
False
A work package should always represent less than 80 hours of work. T/F
top-down approach
Creating a WBS by starting with the largest items of the project and breaking them into subordinate items
Controlling scope
Good ___ is very important to project success because it helps improve the accuracy of time, cost, and resource estimates, it defines a baseline for performance measurement and project control, and it aids in communicating clear work responsibilities.
True
If you want some time-based flow for the work, you can create a WBS using the project management process groups of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing as Level 2 in the WBS. T/F
1
In the WBS, the name of the entire project is the top box, called level __.
Analogy approach
In the ___, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.
True
Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope. T/F
Collecting requirements
Involves defining and document the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them.
True
Many organizations provide different guidelines and templates for developing WBSs. T/F
True
Many organizations provide guidelines and templates for developing WBSs. T/F
Specifications
Many people confuse tasks on a WBS with ___.
True
Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format. T/F
True
Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them. T/F
decomposition
Subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces
Top-down
The __ approach involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail.
Top-down
The ___ approach is best suited to project managers who have vast technical insight and a big-picture perspective.
Scope statement
The ___ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project.
scope baseline
The approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary
variance
The difference between planned and actual performance
False
The executing tasks of the WBS remain constant from project to project. T/F
False
The format of the WBS dictionary should be the same from project to project. T/F
Scope control
The goal of ___ is to influence the factors that cause scope changes, assure changes are processed according to procedures developed as part of integrated change control, and manage changes when they occur.
True
The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced. T/F
True
The project scope statement, stakeholder requirements documentation, and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a WBS. T/F
False
The project's size, complexity, importance, and other factors will not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning. T/F
Scope verification
__ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders.
requirements management plan
A plan that describes how project requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed
True
Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project. T/F
Sequencing activities
involves identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities.
Verifying scope
Involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process.
Verifying scope
The main outputs of ___ are accepted deliverables and change requests.
Scope definition
The main outputs of ___ are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.
project scope management
The processes involved in defining and controlling what work is or is not included in a project
True
You can only enter duration estimates for work packages. T/F
False
The project scope statement provides the basis for planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources, and changes. T/F
False
The tasks in a WBS must be developed as a sequential list of steps. T/F
scope creep
The tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger
five
There are ___ main processes involved in project scope management.
JAD
__ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders to jointly define and design information systems.
True
The scope management plan can be informal and broad or formal and detailed, based on the needs of the project. T/F
False
The scope of a project should be clear and specific from the start. T/F
True
The tasks in a WBS do not have to be developed as a sequential list of steps. T/F
bottom-up approach
Creating a WBS by having team members identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then grouping them into higher-level categories
WBS
Creating the ___ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
use case modeling
A process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them
True
Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developing software, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement. T/F
Bottom-up
Project managers often use the __ approach for projects that represent entirely new systems or approaches to doing a job, or to help create buy-in and synergy with a project team.
False
Project scope statements must include the project boundaries, constraints, and assumptions. T/F
False
Project scope statements should include, at a minimum, a product scope description and detailed information on all project deliverables. T/F
False
The scope baseline in a WBS consists of the requirements documentation and enterprise environmental factors. T/F
False
The scope of a project is clear and specific from the start. T/F
A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.
Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS?
Use case modeling
__ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.
Project Human Resource Management
includes the processes required to make the most effective use of the people involved with the project.
Developing the project team
involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance.
mind mapping
technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks.
deliverable
Describes a product produced as part of a project.
prototyping
Developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of it to help define user requirements
Project Human Resource Management Processes
Developing the human resource plan, Acquiring the project team, Developing the project team, & Managing the project team
Project scope management
Factors such as user involvement, clear business objectives, a minimized or clearly defined scope, and firm basic requirements, are elements of ___.
Project Cost Management Processes
Estimating costs, Determining the budget, & Controlling
benchmarking
Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization
2
In the WBS, the main groupings for the work are listed in Level __.
Determining the budget
involves allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance.
Controlling
involves controlling changes to the project budget.
Defining Scope
involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved.
Managing the project team
involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance.
