ANT 2410 Quiz questions
Diamond explains to his readers that one reason leaders in both ancient and present-day societies have not acted to address pressing environmental problems is because: Correct! a. of the difficulty in recognizing the seriousness of a slow, gradual change that will ultimately have disastrous consequences. b. leaders are often elected or appointed and do not address issues that fall outside of their "talking points" c. many times leaders are secretly intent on destroying their own societies d. none of the above Correct! Diamond mentions three reasons why environmental problems are not addressed by leaders, both past and present: the difficulty in recognizing slow changes and trends, the difficulty in making changes that may clash with short-term interests, and the difficulty in making changes that clash with current values. Question 2 5 / 5 pts In his article, Jared Diamond uses the example of the "fall" or collapse of the Ancient Maya Empire to illustrate the fact that: a. "nature" and "human needs" are always in direct opposition to each other b. modern leaders and leaders in past societies have little in common c. humans always have a positive impact on the environment Correct! d. human needs and the health of the environment are linked through chains of cause and effect Correct! D. human needs and the health of the environment are linked through chains of cause and effect. For example, as agriculture and deforestation intensified, the needs of human population resulted in overexploitation of natural resources in the Copan valley. Question 3 5 / 5 pts Jared Diamond explains that one of the key problems that arose in the ancient Maya city of Copan was deforestation in the upland slopes of the valley where it is situated, leading to soil degradation in the valley bottom and less productive farming. Correct! True False Correct! This statement is true. Question 4 5 / 5 pts Diamond presents evidence that ____________ may have been an important "trigger" that contributed to the collapse of the ancient Maya empire. Correct! a. climate change in the form of a mega-drought b. domestication of corn c. low population levels d. above normal rainfall Correct! The answer is a. climate change in the form of a mega-drought. Using data obtained from the bottom of lakes in the Peten region of Guatemala, scientists have discovered that an extremely severe drought, the worst for 1000 years, occurred at roughly the same time as the so-called collapse of the Classic Maya cities around 800AD. Question 5 5 / 5 pts In the opinion piece, "When Societies Fall" the journalist describes the negative reaction of some archaeologists to Jared Diamond's research. TRUE OR FALSE?: The main criticism the archaeologists interviewed for this story have is that Diamond's theories make it appear that no one is to blame when societies fall-it's all simply a matter of geography. Correct! True False Correct! The reporter gives several quotes from the archaeologists he interviewed who complain that in reading Diamond's books, you get a sense that not only are the leaders of a society not to blame when societies fall, but the common people also have no ability to rise up and change societies. There are many examples of such societal revolts that did change history. How would Diamond's theory that places so much stock in environmental factors take these into account? For this reason, Diamond's work is often seen as falling into environmental determinism. Question 6 5 / 5 pts In his article, Jared Diamond uses the example of the fall or collapse of the Ancient Maya Empire to illustrate the fact that: a. nature and human needs are always in direct opposition to each other b. modern leaders and leaders in past societies have little in common c. humans always have a positive impact on the environment Correct! d. human needs and the health of the environment are linked through chains of cause and effect Correct! D. human needs and the health of the environment are linked through chains of cause and effect. For example, as agriculture and deforestation intensified, the needs of human population resulted in overexploitation of natural resources in the Copan valley. Question 7 5 / 5 pts Diamond presents evidence that ____________ may have been an important trigger that contributed to the collapse of the ancient Maya empire. Correct! a. climate change in the form of a mega-drought b. domestication of corn c. low population levels d. above normal rainfall Correct! The answer is a. climate change in the form of a mega-drought. Using data obtained from the bottom of lakes in the Peten region of Guatemala, scientists have discovered that an extremely severe drought, the worst for 1000 years, occurred at roughly the same time as the so-called collapse of the Classic Maya cities around 800AD. Question 8 5 / 5 pts Jared Diamond explains that one of the key problems that arose in the ancient Maya city of Copan was deforestation in the upland slopes of the valley where it is situated, leading to soil degradation in the valley bottom and less productive farming./div Correct! True False Correct! This statement is true. Question 9 10 / 10 pts Based on the reading on "Sustainability", sustainable development should be centered around considering and incorporating the needs of __________. local people indigenous communities natural resources Correct! all of the above Question 10 10 / 10 pts The concept of a ________ is the idea that people have images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they actually interact with it. Correct! cultural landscape Correct Answers cultural landscape Question 11 0 / 10 pts "Slash and burn" agriculture is also known as ______________. You Answered fire-fallow Correct Answers Swidden swidden agriculture Swidden. Question 12 10 / 10 pts Foodways are tied closely with culture and personal identity, and therefore, almost never change over time. True Correct! False Question 13 5 / 5 pts Traditional ecological knowledge can provide an effective basis for managing resources because it is closely tied to particular environments. Correct! True Correct! The authors of "Sustainability" describe the ways traditional ecological knowledge has allowed human populations to "thrive for a long time on a landscape without destroying it." (pg.112). False Question 14 5 / 5 pts Which of the following are one of the "modes of subsistence" that humans use to produce and distribute food? Check all that apply. Correct! Pastoralism Correct! Horticulture Correct! Foraging Correct! Intensive Agriculture Markets Correct, there are four primary modes of subsistence that humans have used throughout much of our history to procure, produce, and distribute food. The first three listed have the longest history for our species. Intensive agriculture developed around 12,000 years ago in several places around the globe and is the main way we feed large populations today. Question 15 5 / 5 pts The reason that people in the U.S. have a larger ecological footprint than people living in countries such as India or Lesotho is due to their __________________. taller average height involvement in the knowledge economy Correct! involvement in consumer capitalism longer median foot size Correct! In the US, more than in most countries around the world, people are heavily invested in participating in consumer capitalism, which according to the "sustainability" authors, "promotes the ideal that people will never fully satisfy their needs, so they will continually buy more and more things in their pursuit of happiness." (pg 113-114). This has big ecological consequences, as Americans consume many more resources, typically drawn from other countries, than residents in most other parts of the globe. Question 16 0 / 5 pts We are beginning to realize that ________________ is often at the heart of the world's key ecological crises. You Answered overpopulation burning tropical forests Correct Answer unequal access to resources insect-borne disease No one single cause can be to blame for the world's ecological crises, there are many complex reasons for key problems. However, it is becoming apparent that one underlying factor is unequal access to resources and patterns of injustice. (pg 121). Quiz Score: 85 out of 100
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Question 1 0 / 33.3 pts "Ethnography" can refer to the process of collecting data, carrying out fieldwork, OR the book that is written as a result. Correct Answer True You Answered False Question 2 0 / 33.4 pts What is the first step of ethnographic fieldwork? Correct Answer Literature review You Answered Observation The first step is to find out what research has been carried out before on the topic. Interviewing members of the study community Question 3 33.3 / 33.3 pts No "isolated" communities exist that we can study as independent, standalone "cultures". This is mainly because all peoples everywhere have been affected by colonialism and __________. Correct! globalization modern medicine Western pop culture
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Question 1 10 / 10 pts 1. What similar approach do Geertz ("Balinese Cockfight") and Arens ("Pro Football") use to better understand two very different cultural events? a) applied anthropology Correct! b) a focus on the importance of symbols and rituals c) arguing that humor has no place in anthropology d) you can only study masculinity through sports Correct! Geertz and Arens both use the theoretical "lens" known as symbolic anthropology to better understand the ways masculinity is constructed and social relationships can be cemented through participation in rituals. Question 2 10 / 10 pts 2. Arens argues that American "football's uniqueness and popularity" says something "essential about our culture". He explains that one thing that accounts for the widespread appeal of football is its _________________ . a. high paid salaries b. TV ads that air at the same time Correct! c. violence d. simplicity Correct! c) violence. Arens says that the violent nature of the game is an expression of one quality of American life, especially when combined with the focus on teamwork and skill. Question 3 10 / 10 pts 3. In the article "Professional Football", the author claims that in many societies, as men prepare for many types of "male only" rituals, sexual contact with females is often avoided. Correct! True False TRUE Arens relates this widely known fact drawn from cross-cultural anthropological research to the apparent need to separate football players from wives or girlfriends before the 'big game' and spend time only in the company of other males. Question 4 0 / 10 pts 4. Geertz relates rich details of the ritual of cockfights held by men in Bali. He states that the birds are a metaphor for masculinity and at the same time, they represent the powers of ___________________. Correct Answer a) animality and "Darkness" b) alcohol c) femininity You Answered d) the legal system Sorry, the correct answer is a) animality and "Darkness". Geertz explains that in Bali, animals are viewed as aversive, as well as human behavior that seems "animal-like". Cockfighting and caring for the birds is appealing because of this closeness to something that is usually feared or hated. Question 5 10 / 10 pts For each man involved, the cockfight symbolizes a struggle for status, respect, and dignity, yet the outcome does not really impact their lives that much in the long run. Correct! True Correct! Although the stakes are quite high and cockfighters scream and attach a lot of meaning to the ritual, in the end the betting amounts are low and even the winners don't profit that much. Why do the men put so much effort into the games, then? Why do pro football fans paint themselves green and jump around in zero degree weather with their shirts off? We will discuss this in class. False TRUE! Geertz explains on pg 170 that he uses the term "deep play" to refer to those cockfights that are evenly matched fights between prize-winning birds, therefore raising the stakes of the game to a significant level. Although the stakes are quite high and cockfighters scream and attach a lot of meaning to the ritual, in the end the betting amounts are low and even the winners don't profit that much. Why do the men put so much effort into the games, then? Why do pro football fans paint themselves green and jump around in zero degree weather with their shirts off? Question 6 5 / 5 pts Which of the following can be considered a culture? Select all that apply. Correct! fans of a sports team Correct! students at a particular college or university a group of people at a shopping mall Correct! citizens of a nation Any group that shares common beliefs and behaviors might be considered a culture. No individual has his or her own culture, however; culture is shared.; SECTION - Culture Is Shared Yet Contested Question 7 5 / 5 pts The ability of individuals and/or groups "to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power" is known as: power. stratification. Correct! agency. hegemony. FEEDBACK: Agency is what allows humans to challenge power, thus allowing for the creation of cultural change. Such resistance is not always successful, of course, but is important for anthropologists to understand as we seek to comprehend processes of cultural change.; SECTION - How Are Culture and Power Related?/Human Agency Question 8 5 / 5 pts Which of the following theoretical perspectives sees culture as a symbolic system of deep meaning? unilineal cultural evolution historical particularism structural functionalism Correct! the interpretivist approach FEEDBACK: Interpretivists such as Clifford Geertz have argued that we need to understand the multiple layers of meaning revealed by the simplest of actions, such as differences between winking and twitching of the eye, in order to fully understand human culture. To the interpretivist, every cultural action can be viewed as a symbol of deeper meaning.; SECTION - Culture and Meaning Question 9 5 / 5 pts Franz Boas believed that cultures develop in different ways because of the unique and complex sets of issues and situations that members of the cultural group face over time. This way of understanding cultural differences came to be known as: unilineal cultural evolution. structural functionalism. the interpretivist approach. Correct! historical particularism. FEEDBACK: Boas would inspire many other anthropologists to see culture in nonlineal ways, and was among the first to recognize the importance of cultural history in determining current belief and behavior.; SECTION - American Historical Particularism Question 10 5 / 5 pts Match each term with the most appropriate example of its focus. Correct! You arrive at a red, eight-sided sign when driving your car, and know that the sign is suggesting that you stop. Correct! Some, but not all, cultures participate in daylight savings time. Correct! There are rules governing when to kiss someone. Correct! Freedom of religion is a cornerstone of American society. Question 11 5 / 5 pts The suggestion that all cultures progress through a similar set of stages is no longer accepted in contemporary anthropology. This theory was known as: Correct! unilineal cultural evolution. historical particularism. structural functionalism. the interpretivist approach. FEEDBACK: Unilineal cultural evolution theorized that all societies progress from savagery, through barbarism, to civilization. This theory is no longer accepted, but represents an early effort to categorize human societies. Guess which categorization the inventors of this theory gave their own society? (They saw themselves as entirely civilized, of course!); SECTION - Early Evolutionary Frameworks Question 12 5 / 5 pts There is evidence that a town's minority residents have less access to resources such as strong schools, libraries, and recreational centers than their majority counterparts. This is an example of: power. Correct! stratification. hegemony. agency. FEEDBACK: Stratification is defined as "the uneven distribution of resources and privileges among participants in a group or culture." (page 50); SECTION - How Are Culture and Power Related? Question 13 5 / 5 pts Which of the following terms refers to the process of learning culture? Correct! enculturation cultural relativism ethnocentrism agency FEEDBACK: All humans begin learning culture from birth as we observe and interact with the world around us.; SECTION - Culture Is Learned and Taught Question 14 5 / 5 pts Which of the following attributes are associated with culture? Select all that apply. Correct! Culture is constantly changing. Culture is the foundational portion of a society's makeup that is unchanging. Correct! Core cultural beliefs are often challenged. Correct! The human capacity for sharing and learning culture is unique among animal species. Culture changes constantly. Even the most fundamental of societal beliefs are subject to change over time as core beliefs come to be challenged. Humans do exhibit unique capacity for sharing, learning, and changing culture.; SECTION - Culture Is Learned and Taught/Culture Is Shared Yet Contested Question 15 5 / 5 pts Which of the following are listed in your chapter as ways in which globalization is transforming culture? Select all that apply. Correct! homogenization Correct! two-way transference of culture through migration Correct! increased cosmopolitanism increased ethnocentrism Global culture is developing as a result of global corporations and ideas (including encouragement of consumerism), spurred on by increased levels of migration and increasing cosmopolitanism.; SECTION - How Is Globalization Transforming Culture?
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Question 1 10 / 10 pts 1.The older residents of Do Kay, a village in rural Haiti, believe _____________ was a root cause of their poverty. a. a regime change in the government Correct! b. a hydro-electric dam c. a hurricane d. HIV Correct! On page 217, Farmer explains how the construction of the dam displaced rural farmers who were then not compensated for the loss of their land, leaving them to resettle in hillside villages on land that is not as productive. Question 2 0 / 10 pts 2. According to Farmer, HIV and AIDS rates are higher among young adults in Haiti when compared to "age matched North Americans", or people the same age in the U.S. What reason does he give for the higher rates in Haiti? a. Haitians interviewed have higher number of sexual partners than North Americans. Correct Answer b. Haitians experience higher rates of poverty. Those who migrated to the city for jobs, and had sexual partners who were "non-peasants", were more likely to get HIV. c. Higher rates of birth control pill use in Haiti. You Answered d. none of the above Sorry, the correct answer is b. Haitians experience higher rates of poverty. Those who migrated to the city for jobs, and had sexual partners who were "non-peasants", were more likely to get HIV. On page 219, Farmer explains the common story of young rural Haitians who went to the city looking for work, and instead of returning home to their villages with more money, all too often, they returned with AIDS. Question 3 10 / 10 pts 3. Rural Haitian women have an increased risk of developing HIV if they have had sex with a soldier or truck driver, lived in Port-au-Prince, and/or worked as a domestic. Correct! True False Correct! On page 219, Farmer notes that it was not the number of partners associated with increased risk of HIV, but rather the profession of the partners. Most of the study participants had a sexual history with either truck drivers or soldiers. Extended stays in the city, and work as a domestic were also associated with the diagnosis of HIV. Question 4 10 / 10 pts Farmer argues that one reason HIV rates are high for women in Haiti is that women in Haiti don't have the authority, or "agency", to demand that men wear condoms, and need methods of protection that do not require a man's consent. Correct! True False Correct! On page 223, Farmer notes that preliminary ethnographic research indicates that rural women do not have enough authority or power to demand that men wear condoms. Question 5 10 / 10 pts Farmer explains that when anthropologists were asked to study the causes of high rates of HIV in Haiti, epidemiologists and other scientists thought it must be related to certain sexual practices or religious beliefs like "voodoo". He says that the most fundamental reason that HIV is an epidemic there is due to: Correct! a. deepening poverty which is the result of historical and present-day inequalities between rural and urban populations. b. prostitution and sex-workers promiscuity c. hydro-electric dam construction d. over reliance on anti-viral drugs like AZT Correct! On page 225, Farmer lists a number of factors that play a role in HIV transmission in Haiti. He describes how anthropologists originally sought to determine behaviors that put people at risk of HIV, when in reality, larger factors like deepening poverty, and inequalities between rural and urban populations are actually what place many at higher risk of HIV infection. Question 6 5 / 5 pts Which of the following terms best describes the intersection of multiple cultural approaches to healing? illness human microbiome health transition Correct! medical pluralism FEEDBACK: Great promise, and great misfortune, can come from the intersection of multiple cultural approaches to healing. Chapter 16 concludes with an example of the intersection of biomedical and ethnomedical practice, including important lessons learned from the encounter.; SECTION- Multiple Systems of Healing Question 7 5 / 5 pts Paul Farmer's work in Haiti: (select all that apply) Correct! has expanded to many other sites around the world shows that to fight illness we must first correct local folk beliefs that are medically inaccurate Correct! illustrates the importance of structural and material factors in determining health outcomes Correct! uses anthropology as a "tool for intervention" Question 8 5 / 5 pts Paulo's physician has diagnosed him with a case of influenza (the flu). Anthropologically, which term best describes Paulo's condition? Correct! a disease an illness a malady a placebo FEEDBACK: "A disease is a discrete, natural entity that can be clinically identified and treated by a health professional. . . . Illness is the individual patient's experience of sickness—the culturally defined understanding of disease." (page 622) Culture, including interactions with professionals deemed by that culture to be healers, determines our response to poor health conditions.; SECTION- How Does Culture Shape Our Ideas of Health and Illness? Question 9 5 / 5 pts Which of the following are potential roles for medical anthropologists? Select all that apply. Correct! establishing a public health system in central Haiti Correct! discovering how a particular disease is tied to ritual, e.g. kuru among the Fore in Papua New Guinea Correct! studying how staff attitudes affect health care delivery in a New York women's clinic observing genetic changes in strains of influenza virus at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta Medical anthropological practice is quite diverse, ranging from observation of healing behaviors to attempts to improve health outcomes in specific populations. Importantly, medical anthropologists still seek to advance the basic tenet of achieving a more complete understanding of humanity (as opposed to viral organisms).; SECTION- How Can Anthropologists Help Solve Health Care Problems? Question 10 5 / 5 pts Consider the varied cultural approaches to confronting pain during childbirth in the United States, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the Yucatán (Mexico). According to Brigitte Jordan and Robbie Davis-Floyd's 1993 study Birth in Four Cultures, in which of these is receiving pain medication seen as the result of a negotiation between patient and physician? Correct! United States Sweden Netherlands Yucatan (Mexico) FEEDBACK: Jordan and Davis-Floyd assert that because women in labor must convince physicians of their pain in order to receive medication, there is elevated focus on pain itself during the delivery process, resulting in higher levels of anxiety and vocal despair than are seen in other cultures.; SECTION- The Anthropology of Childbirth Question 11 5 / 5 pts Which of the following can be considered forms of ethnomedicine? Select all that apply. Correct! amchi medicine in northern India Correct! biomedicine in the United States Correct! spiritual-based healing in Hmong societies Correct! Chinese medicine in the United States "Local systems of health and healing rooted in culturally specific norms and values" (page 627) are known as ethnomedicine. Importantly, the biomedicine typically practiced in the United States is just as culturally rooted as other forms of medical practice.; SECTION- Ethnomedicine/Are There Other Global Health Systems? Question 12 5 / 5 pts Match each theoretical framework to the most appropriate example of its application. Correct! linking patient belief in a physician's recommendations to whether the physician wears a white coat Correct! linking alcoholism in urban minority communities to poor educational opportunities and subsequent high unemployment rates Correct! linking localized change in rainfall levels to malnutrition resultant from poor crop yields Question 13 5 / 5 pts Which of the following are characteristics of biomedicine? Select all that apply. Correct! applies principles of biology and the natural sciences to maintaining health practiced in the same way globally (e.g. a diagnosis in the United States would be treated the same as a diagnosis in Germany) Correct! characterized by use of medication, surgery, and other invasive treatments Correct! closely linked with Western economic and political expansion Biomedical practice is scientifically derived, emergent from the same enlightenment values that propelled Western economic and political dominance, and characterized by the use of medicine and invasive treatments. Still, treatments and diagnoses vary culturally. "British doctors are far less concerned about elevated blood pressure and cholesterol counts than are their counterparts in the United States. The German health system . . uses far fewer antibiotics than other Western health systems." (page 631); SECTION- Biomedicine Question 14 5 / 5 pts "The individual patient's experience of sickness" is best known as which of the following? a disease Correct! an illness a malady a placebo FEEDBACK: Everyone experiences sickness in different ways, many of which are culturally prescribed. Illness is the broad term medical anthropologists use to refer to any individual experience of sickness, whether or not the sickness has been diagnosed by a health professional.; SECTION- How Does Culture Shape Our Ideas of Health and Illness? Question 15 5 / 5 pts Paula is a medical anthropologist who documents and describes local use of healing plants in the Peruvian Andes. Which of the following terms best describes her research? ethnomedicine botanical anthropology pharmaceutical anthropology Correct! ethnopharmacology FEEDBACK: Ethnopharmacology is defined as "the documentation and description of the local use of natural substances in healing remedies and practices." (page 627); SECTION- Ethnomedicine
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Question 1 10 / 10 pts Globalization refers to the process by which _______ have become more connected and integrated within and across nations. money people ideas goods Correct! all of the above Question 2 0 / 10 pts Anthropology is holistic -- how do anthropologists achieve this? Correct Answer through the four-field approach by focusing on the past and traditional cultural practices through consultation with biologists and other natural scientists You Answered all of the above Question 3 10 / 10 pts A person expressing an ethnocentric perspective: is probably an anthropologist believes that all humans are essentially the same at their core Correct! uses the norms in their own culture to judge the practices of people in other cultures thinks that ethnicity is the key to understanding human behavior Question 4 10 / 10 pts Holly Barker's research in the Marshall Islands illustrates the important and complicated connections between all of the following except: academic research and political action Correct! cultural anthropology and historical archaeology humans and their natural environment Question 5 0 / 10 pts With increased migration around the globe, cultural diversity is disappearing and the future of anthropological study is uncertain. You Answered True Sorry, that's incorrect. People have been mobile and globally interconnected for many centuries, and cultures are always changing and adapting. Anthropological theory and methods are well-suited to the study of the cultural change that recent technological changes have accelerated. Anthropologists are keeping pace by adjusting their research strategies (e.g. multi-sited ethnography, Guest pp. 28-30). Correct Answer False Question 6 10 / 10 pts A farmer encounters several bones while plowing his field and wants to know if the bones are human. Which type of anthropologist should he call? Correct! physical anthropologist archaeologist linguistic anthropologist cultural anthropologist FEEDBACK: Physical anthropologists study human physical forms, past and present. Physical anthropologists are often called upon by local law enforcement agencies to identify discovered bones.; SECTION - Physical Anthropology Question 7 10 / 10 pts An anthropologist has started a project comparing ethnographic data about educational techniques in Lesotho to data about educational techniques in New York City. This process is known as: Correct! ethnology. participant observation. historical archaeology. globalization. FEEDBACK: Cultural anthropologists analyze and compare ethnographic data across cultures in a process called ethnology.; SECTION - Cultural Anthropology Question 8 10 / 10 pts An anthropologist is studying how words transmitted via social media have been used both to resist and to uphold power during recent revolutionary periods in Libya, Egypt, and the Sudan. This anthropologist would most likely classify herself as a: physical anthropologist archaeologist Correct! linguistic anthropologist cultural anthropologist FEEDBACK: "Linguistic anthropology involves the study of human language in the past and the present." (page 17); SECTION - Linguistic Anthropology Question 9 10 / 10 pts When did anthropology arise as a scientific discipline? Correct! the mid-1800s the late 1400s the late 1900s the early 1600s FEEDBACK: Anthropology arose in the mid-1800s as breakthroughs in transportation and communication led scholars to ask questions about similarities and differences between the humans they encountered.; SECTION - What Is Anthropology?/Brief Background Question 10 10 / 10 pts Which of the following attributes makes anthropology unique among the sciences? Select all that apply. Correct! Anthropology is global in scope. Anthropologists study humans. Correct! Anthropologists study both people and the structures of power. Correct! Anthropologists believe that all humans are connected. Several disciplines study humans, but anthropology is unique because of its purposefully global scope that looks at connections between people and how those connections affect habits, norms, power structures, and behavior.; SECTION - Anthropology's Unique Approach
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Question 1 10 / 10 pts In the Anthropology News posts about entering and leaving "the field," what facet of ethnographic fieldwork did both authors discuss as one of their primary considerations? Correct! relationship building with community members financial responsibilities writing about their research field safety Correct! Both authors explained how building strong relationships with their respective communities was important for what they hoped to learn through their ethnographic research. Question 2 0 / 10 pts What do ethnographic researchers Reeser (who wrote "Reflections on Beginnings") and Baines (who wrote "Extraction from Immersion about leaving the field) have in common? Correct Answer They both conducted their studies with Indigenous communities in southern Belize. They both wanted to carry out research in Gautemala. They both thought the members of their study communities should not have any contact with other communities from nearby towns. You Answered They both lived in urban cities and traveled to the forest each day to conduct research. Sorry, that is incorrect. Both Reeser and Baines conducted their research among indigenous communities in Belize. Reeser worked in Punta Gorda, the district town center, and Baines worked in a rural Mopan Maya community. Question 3 0 / 10 pts What core ethnographic method is mentioned as important in distinguishing anthropological fieldwork from other kinds of travel and research in both the Guneratne and Bjork (Nepal) and Baines (Belize) articles? Correct Answer Participant observation Writing field notes Wearing traditional clothes You Answered Doing interviews Sorry, that is not correct. The correct answer is participant observation. Participant observation, the term often used to describe how anthropologists live in communities and participate in all aspects of daily life, is described by the authors as a critical part of their research. Question 4 10 / 10 pts Like many anthropologists, all the authors of this week's articles conducted their research with "traditional" communities. From what they have written, what best describes what "traditional" means in an ethnographic context? Correct! keeping many practices used by their ancestors while incorporating new ideas and items from interactions with other cultural groups having no contact with other, more "developed" communities living in exactly the same way as they have for hundreds of years refusing to change to more modern ways of doing things Correct! The "traditional" communities where the various authors conducted their research all used aspects of culture; farming, clothing style, music, etc. that have been used in those communities for a significant length of time. However, all the communities discussed had changed, and continue to change, through contact with other cultural groups. Question 5 0 / 10 pts One the most challenging aspects of carrying out ethnographic field research is negotiating the multiple roles that anthropologists may play in our field sites. Correct Answer True You Answered False Sorry, the answer is true. Negotiating multiple roles that we play in the field is one of the biggest challenges of data collection methods that focus on immersion and building relationships with research participants. Question 6 5 / 5 pts Curtis wants to study how teachers in an urban high school feel about administrators such as the principal and superintendent. He wants to use a hidden camera in the teachers' lounge to capture teacher comments, then, in his report, to describe how these comments differ between teachers in different disciplines such as math, English, etc. Which of the following statements would apply to this scenario? Select all that apply. This study is ethical because the teachers are paid using public funds. Correct! This study is not ethical because there is no plan for obtaining informed consent. Correct! This study is not ethical because listing teacher comments according to discipline fails to preserve anonymity. This study is ethical because the camera is not mounted in a place where the teachers can see it. Curtis's study would not be permissible as anthropological fieldwork because it fails to obtain informed consent from the respondents, and there is a strong chance that individual teachers could be identified by those who read the report.; SECTION - What Moral and Ethical Concerns Guide Anthropologists in their Research and Writing? Question 7 5 / 5 pts Which statement is at the core of the American Anthropological Association's statement on ethics? Leave no trace. Make no change. Do not judge. Correct! Do no harm. FEEDBACK: "Do no harm" asks anthropologists to consider whether their efforts to understand a culture might come at the expense of those we study. Techniques such as anonymity/confidentiality and informed consent are often used to ensure that our work does not harm our respondents.; SECTION - What Moral and Ethical Concerns Guide Anthropologists in Their Research and Writing?/Do No Harm Question 8 5 / 5 pts Chan has started a project comparing ethnographic data about health care practices from a village in Mozambique to data about similar techniques in rural Kentucky. This process is known as: Correct! ethnology. participant observation. ethnography. polyvocality. FEEDBACK: Ethnology is "the analysis and comparison of ethnographic data across cultures." (page 96) You may recall this term from Chapter 1.; SECTION - How Do Anthropologists Get Started Conducting Fieldwork?/Analysis Question 9 5 / 5 pts Match each ethnographic technique with the appropriate description. Correct! The anthropologist focuses the words she uses on a specific audience—whether other anthropologists or the people she studies. Correct! People who hold opinions on multiple sides of a key cultural issue are quoted. Correct! The anthropologist includes his own reflection on the process of completing the fieldwork. Correct! Early in the ethnography, the anthropologist discusses the preparation and methods involved in his fieldwork. Question 10 5 / 5 pts During fieldwork, conversational pauses or things unsaid by respondents can convey important meaning to the anthropologist. Which term is used in your chapter to describe these elements of a story that are not told or seen, or key details omitted from a conversation? lapses polyvocality Correct! zeros interpretivisms FEEDBACK: Identifying zeros can be just as important to ethnographic interpretation as can listening to spoken words.; SECTION- How Do Anthropologists Get Started Conducting Fieldwork?/Skills and Perspectives Question 11 1.67 / 5 pts Which of the following statements about fieldwork are correct? Select all that apply. Correct! Fieldwork begins with people. Correct! Fieldwork shapes the anthropologist. Correct Answer Fieldwork can be considered both social science and art. You Answered Fieldwork should be done in a community other than your own. Question 12 5 / 5 pts Nancy Scheper-Hughes calls anthropology a "Renaissance profession" because she believes it is more art than science. True Correct! False That's correct! Dr. Scheper-Hughes uses this term to describe the openness and flexibility of anthropology. Question 13 5 / 5 pts Match each anthropologist with her/his key contribution to the practice of ethnography. Correct! used fieldwork to engage in public debates in the United States Correct! synchronic approach sought to isolate variables Correct! four-field approach, salvage ethnography Correct! participant observation Question 14 5 / 5 pts Anthropological descriptions of cultural groups often include discussions of the role of the anthropologist herself in conducting the research. This provides important context to the reader, and is a concept known as: ethnology. qualitative analysis. Correct! reflexivity. anonymity. FEEDBACK: Reflexivity is defined as "a critical self-examination of the role of the anthropologist and an awareness that who one is affects what one finds out." (page 87) Annette Weiner's reexamination of Malinowski's work in the Trobriand Islands highlights how her gender affects ethnographic findings.; SECTION - The Professionalization of Social Scientific Data-Gathering and Analysis/How Do Anthropologists Write Ethnography? Question 15 5 / 5 pts Carlos is an anthropologist who wants to learn more about American college student culture. He decided to enroll in a college, take classes, live in a dorm, and interact with students. This ethnographic technique is best known as: Correct! participant observation. social network analysis. reflexivity. salvage ethnography FEEDBACK: Participant observation is a hallmark of ethnographic research wherein the anthropologist not only observes the lives of those he studies, but actively participates in the cultural behaviors and rituals he observes. This participation affords an improved understanding of actions and their motivations. (Rebekah Nathan's My Freshman Year provides just such an account of American college student culture.); SECTION - The Professionalization of Social Scientific Data - Gathering and Analysis
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Question 1 10 / 10 pts Which of the following did NOT help with the survival of some American Indian languages to the 21st century? isolation of many Indian reservations linking language to Native American identity Correct! government residential school programs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the Civil Rights Movement Question 2 10 / 10 pts Approximately ____ indigenous languages are spoken in the United States today. This is about ____ the number spoken in the same territory when Europeans first reached the Americas. 200, 1/4 Correct! 150, 1/2 80, 3/4 220, 1/2 Question 3 0 / 10 pts The author, Jon Reyhner, believes that a mulitlingual society is at the root of ethnic violence in the U.S. You Answered True Correct Answer False Question 4 10 / 10 pts Speaking an indigenous language assists individuals in maintaining Native American identities. Correct! True False Question 5 10 / 10 pts According to the author, which of the following pieces of legislation currently threatens the survival of Native American languages in the United States? Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act Correct! Proposition 203 Native American Languages Act Bilingual Education Act of 1968 Question 6 5 / 5 pts Which of the following is suggested by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? Correct! Different languages create different ways of thinking. The structure of the human brain causes all humans to have a universal grammar. A certain set of morphemes is fundamental to all human languages. A certain set of phonemes is fundamental to all human languages. FEEDBACK: Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf posited the idea that different languages cause us to see and process the world in different ways.; SECTION - Language, Thought, and Culture Question 7 5 / 5 pts According to Palfrey and Gaffer, which of the following terms applies to "a generation of people—including many of you reading this book—born after 1980 who have been raised in the digital age and have spent their entire lives thinking digitally"? the Facebook generation technocrats Correct! digital natives polyvocalists FEEDBACK: New communications technologies have allowed a generation of humans to be increasingly aware of the world around them, whether around campus or around the globe. These new technologies have brought about positive new possibilities for idea sharing, activism, and simply keeping up with acquaintances. At the same time, they have hastened the development of a digital divide, separating those with access to technology and the power it instills from those without the means to acquire it.; SECTION - How Is the Digital Age Changing the Way People Communicate? Question 8 5 / 5 pts Which of the theories below sees power differentials between males and females in a society as a foundation for gender-based differences in language? difference model Correct! dominance model Sapir-Whorf hypothesis code switching FEEDBACK: The dominance model posits that language demonstrates and maintains gender-based power differentials in society. Other sociolinguists prefer the difference model, which looks to childhood patterns of play and interaction as a source of gender-based differences in language.; SECTION - Language and Gender Question 9 5 / 5 pts Which type of linguistics is defined as "the study of the ways in which culture shapes language and language shapes culture"? descriptive linguistics communicative linguistics Correct! sociolinguistics historical linguistics FEEDBACK: Sociolinguistics examines how language intersects with power and cultural attributes such as class, gender, race, and occupation.; SECTION - How Do Systems of Power Intersect with Language and Communication? Question 10 3.75 / 5 pts Which of the following are associated with at least some nonhuman primates? Select all that apply. Correct Answer language Correct! productivity Correct! displacement Correct! call system Question 11 5 / 5 pts Which of the following would be considered paralanguage? Select all that apply. a wave hello or goodbye a scowl a newspaper article Correct! a guttural sound, such as a scream span style="font-size: 12pt;"FEEDBACK: Paralanguage accompanies human language, and consists of "an extensive set of noises (such as laughs, cries, sighs, yells) and tones of voice that convey significant information about the speaker." (page 120); SECTION - Kinesics and Paralanguage/span Question 12 2.5 / 5 pts According to David Harrison, while the process of has forced many languages into extinction , it also offers for opportunities for these languages to spread via new media. Answer 1: You Answered (You left this blank) Correct Answer globalization Correct Answer globilization Answer 2: Correct! extinction Question 13 5 / 5 pts What types of evidence give us clues about the origins of human language? Select all that apply. Correct! fossilized brain casts that reveal brain development Correct! early art found on cave walls written records found in archaeological digs Correct! tools made in a specific way, found over a wide range Cultural evidence, such as art and standardized tool manufacture, begins to emerge by 50,000 years ago. Neandertal brain casts dating to even before that time indicate the appearance of brain structures that allow language and speech.; SECTION - The Origins of Human Language Question 14 5 / 5 pts Writing assignments in college courses give students opportunities to practice writing in an academic tone. This tone is considered a reflection of the prestige language in vogue in society at a given time. It is also very different from the language you'd use when conversing with others at a party or via text message. What term best describes your ability to navigate these different linguistic situations? Correct! code switching Sapir-Whorf hypothesis polyvocality call system FEEDBACK: Code switching is defined as "switching back and forth between one variation and another according to cultural context." (page 132); SECTION - Language and Dialect/Code Switching in Academia Question 15 5 / 5 pts Match each term with its definition. Correct! smallest units of sound that carry meaning on their own Correct! smallest units of sound that make a difference in meaning Correct! combined set of rules that govern use of a particular language Correct! rules for forming speech sounds into phrases and sentences
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Question 1 33.3 / 33.3 pts Anthropologists try to make the ______ strange. Correct! familiar clothing people wear exotic Question 2 0 / 33.4 pts Anthropology focuses primarily on the study of human cultures in the past. Correct Answer False You Answered True Question 3 33.3 / 33.3 pts The four subfields of anthropology are cultural, linguistic, archaeology, and ________. Correct! physical historical global
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Question 1 33.3 / 33.3 pts The emphasis on fieldwork in anthropology began in the: 1790s 1700s Correct! 1900s Question 2 33.4 / 33.4 pts Ethnobotany looks at the way people use, perceive, categorize and assign meaning to _______ . pets Correct! plants music Question 3 33.3 / 33.3 pts The "ability or potential to bring about changes through action or influence" is also known as ______. justice Correct! power economics
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Question 1 33.3 / 33.3 pts The idea that language makes it possible to communicate and think about things that are not there, or don't even exist is called _________. Correct! abstraction daydreaming vocalizing Question 2 33.4 / 33.4 pts The five most important properties of language are multimedia potential, discreteness, arbitrariness, productivity and ___________. Correct! displacement Correct Answers displacement Question 3 33.3 / 33.3 pts Proxemics is the study of the role of bodily motions and expression in human societies. True Correct! False
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Question 1 33.3 / 33.3 pts The varieties of ways humans have been making a living off the land and finding ways to feed, clothe, and house families and communities for millenia are called "human _________ strategies". Correct! subsistence Correct Answers subsistence Question 2 0 / 33.4 pts Though defined in many ways by researchers and the public, the term "sustainability" generally refers to whether natural resources are used in a way that allows future generations to meet their needs and quality of life. Correct Answer True You Answered False Question 3 33.3 / 33.3 pts The five basic ways of producing food are foraging, pastoralism, ________, agriculture, industrialized agriculture. ethnobotany Correct! horticulture hunting and gathering
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Question 1 33.4 / 33.4 pts Anthropologists are increasingly worried about sharing their findings with the public or making policy recommendations because of the complexity of problems we face in the world today. True Correct! False Correct! Actually, the opposite is true. Anthropologists are becoming more engaged with public debates and looking for new ways to share their findings with the public. Question 2 33.3 / 33.3 pts Childbirth can vary across cultural contexts. One key way that the experience is different between the U.S., Yucatan, Mexico, Sweden and Holland are the ways _______________ is viewed and managed. eating during labor Correct! pain from labor financial cost consuming tea during labor Question 3 33.3 / 33.3 pts There are many roles that applied anthropologists play in carrying out their work. Check the boxes next to the roles mentioned in the lecture presentation. Correct! mediator Correct! advocate Correct! cultural broker legal counsel
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