Anthro Chapter 12
the relative allocation of sex-specific hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, that influence whether a person is male or female
A biocultural perspective on gender variance would emphasize all of the following except
women challenge men's domination over them by arguing and issuing ultimatums
A key finding of anthropologist Matthew Gutmann's fieldwork on masculinity in Mexico is that
-Sex-specific hormones cause particular behaviors -They are important only for sexual functioning -Certain hormones are linked solely to a specific sex
A misconception about hormones in society is that
created; born
A number of societies have the notion that men are __________ and women are _________.
-Assumes the fight for gender equality was a global priority -Ignores differences among women in different cultural groups -Is ethnocentric
According to some, a critical limitation of "second-wave" feminism is that it
colors
All societies differentiate between male and female, but one way Americans are unique in how we do it is that we link gender to
obstacles in access to birth control
An anthropologist who studies how societies control sexuality would likely be most interested in the following situations
- not fluent in Portuguese -European -a gay man
Anthropologist Don Kulick did ethnographic research among the travestis and believes he was accepted into their group because he was
gender/sex systems
Anthropologists commonly refer to the ideas and social patterns a society uses to organize males, females, and those who do not fit either category as
-Sexuality is variable throughout a lifetime -Of the research of Dr. Alfred Kinsey -Of cross-cultural research on sexual practices
Anthropologists reject the idea that same-sex sexuality is a fixed and exclusive condition because
both men and women
Anthropologists understand that in order to understand gender/sex inequalities one must study
the fact that gender identities are rooted in local concepts and practices
Cross-dressing rebel soldiers in Liberia is an excellent illustration of what?
throughout history women have been treated as inferior
French existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir argued in her book The Second Sex that
a reflection of a gender/sex system that sees meaning in combining male and female
Hijras interest anthropologists mainly because they are
-how people make meaning of these identities and differentiate them -Any ethical quandaries that emerge in the course of your research -How social differences intersect with these identities
If you wanted to study ethnographically how LGBTQ identities are being normalized on your campus, you would likely be sensitive to
sexuality exists on a continuum
Indiana University biologist Dr. Alfred Kinsey conducted a series of sexuality studies during the 1940s and found that
intersexed
Individuals who diverge from the male-female norm and exhibit sexual organs and functions somewhere between, including both male and female, are called
what some people think is gay sex is not considered to be the case by others
One of the reasons it is important to develop culturally sensitive campaigns to address a health crisis like HIV/AIDS is that
social performances
People everywhere establish their gender/sex identities, including normative categories like "man" or "woman," through
shows that "sex" is constructed upon cultural assumptions
Sex-assignment surgery is important because it
-how men and women have a different sexual forms -The differences of hormones in men's and women's bodies -The difference in chromosomal structures for men and women
Sexual dimorphism refers to
nature and culture
Sherry Ortner, a feminist anthropologist, observed that the roots of female subordination lay in the distinction all societies make between
Margaret Mead
The early anthropologist who wrote the book Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies and was the first to distinguish between biological sex and gender roles was
-The availability of weapons -The role of the state in promoting conflicts -Cultural attitudes toward violence
To understand aggression in society, we have to understand which of the following factor(s)?
developing rapport sometimes relies on sharing a lot in common with your subjects
What is the main implication of Don Kulick's story about "coming out in the field" for other anthropologists who do not necessarily study in a gay community?
-The expectations of men in their workplaces -The relationships between working mothers and their families -The relationships between men and their children
Which issue(s) would you focus on if you wanted to understand changing ideas about masculinity in the United States?
how one's research or advocacy can reinforce social inequalities and suffering
Which of the following is a dilemma facing an ethnographer of transgender people in the United States?
Western models of male-female relations cannot be universalized
Which of the following observations would be least likely to come from an anthropologist who shares Simone de Beauvoir's notion of "second sex"?
gender variance
Which term refers to expressions of sex and gender that diverge from the male and female norms which dominate in most societies?
it distinguished them from the government's soldiers
Why did Liberian rebel soldiers cross-dress during the civil war in the 1990s?
