Anthropolgy

Gigantopithecus, the largest primate that ever lived, weighed approximately

300kg

The earth's age is

4.6 billion years old

Based on the molecular clock, it is estimated that the hominid lineage diverged from that of the chimpanzee about

6-8MYA

Y-5 molars appear in

Apes Humans Hominids

The ravine in northern Tanzania where many early hominid fossils have been recovered, often referred to as the "cradle of humankind," is

Olduvai Gorge

If you are digging in a 20,000,000-year-old fossil site in eastern Africa, which primate are you most likely to come across?

Proconsul

The head of the humerus is at the _________ end of the bone.

Proximal

Which bone does not make up a part of the os coxa?

Sacrum

The English surveyor who developed the technique of stratigraphic correlation between regions was

William Smith

The presence of five digits on hands and feet is

a primitive mammalian trait, retained in most primates

Which of the following is not one of the main hypotheses to explain primate origins?

aquatic ape hypothesis

Polygynous societies

are groups where males have more than one partner.

Prehensile tails:

are present only in some platyrrhines

During the Holocene artifacts like __________ began to appear.

ceramics

Apes went extinct in southern Europe (e.g., France, Spain, Italy, Greece) during the late Miocene, probably as the result of

climate change

The space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primates is a(n)

diastema

Eras are

divisions in geologic time divided into periods and epochs.

Rodman and McHenry's hypothesis to account for the success of the bipedal adaptation in early hominids involves mainly

energetic efficiency in moving between patches of forest.

Males have fewer ribs than females.

false

Primates spend less than 25% of the day foraging

false

The fibula is a weight-bearing bone

false

Some of the best information on climate history is based on the study of:

foraminifera

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because

it had longer legs relative to arm length.

Which type of vertebra is most adapted to weight-bearing?

lumbar

Owen Lovejoy's model for the origin of bipedalism focuses on

males provisioning females and young

Anthropoids include

monkeys, apes, and humans

All of the anthropoids live in social groups EXCEPT

orangutans

A diagram (family tree) that proposes hypothetical ancestor-descendant relationships between species is a

phylogeny

The two suborders of primates are

prosimians and anthropoids

The theory that species persist for long periods and then undergo rapid spurts of evolutionary change is

punctuated equilibrium

The study of what happens to an organism's remains after death is

taphonomy

Fission-fusion groups break apart and reunite depending on food supply

true

Male chimpanzees' hunting success is greater when they hunt in groups

true

The hands and feet are analagous structures because they shared the same function in our distant evolutionary past

true

The human dental formula is 2:1:2:3

true

There are typically 206 bones in the human skeleton.

true

Variability in female primate reproduction is usually related to

variation in access to high-protein, easily digestible food dominance rank