Anthropology Final Exam
The almost complete skeleton of a male Homo Erectus with an approximate age at death of 8 years was found at
West Turkana
Evidence for animal butchering is
Widespread in homo erectus sites
The Gina pelvis is very different from the Nariokotome pelvis and is unusual for its considerable
Width
Which of the following would be best suited to the carbon-14 dating technique?
certain organic materials less than 75,000 years old
According to the Regional Continuity Model, ________ prevented local populations of premodern Homo sapiens from becoming separate species.
gene flow
The Skuhūl site in Israel is dated to approximately _______ years ago
115,000
The earliest anatomically modern Homo Sapiens fossils from Africa have been dated to about _________ years ago
195,000-80,000
The discoveries of what we now refer to as "Homo Erectus" go back to the ______ century
19th
At sometime probably close to ______________ The first Homo sapiens involved in Africa
200,000
Early rock art from Africa may be as old as ________ years
28,000
The Upper Paleolithic culture period began in Western Europe about __________ years ago
40,000
The evolutionary roots of Neandertals reach as far back as ___________ years ago.
400,000
Neandertal DNA evidence from European gives dates between
50,000-32,000y.a
In Africa early pre-modern Homo sapiens appeared around ________ years ago
600,000
The Middle Pleistocene dated between
780,000-125,000 y.a
Sometime close to 2 mya something decisive occurred in human evolution; for the first time _______
Hominins expanded widely out of Africa
There is nearly universal agreement that the hominins found outside of Africa are all members of the genus
Homo
By using the designation "Homo Habilis" Louis Leakey was implying all of these except
Homo Habilis was not a hominin
The Asian crania from java and China share many similar features, which could be explained by ________ migration from Java to China perhaps around 1 mya
Homo erectus
__________ was contemporaneous with Paranthropus but had a significantly larger brain.
Homo habilis
Neandertal subsistence was based on
Hunting large mammals
The Upper Paleolithic
Is the cultural period which began in Western Europe approx. 40,000 y.a
The recent discovery a Gon area in Africa
Is the first H. Erectus female pelvis found
The atlatl
Is used to increase the distance of a spear throw
Which of the following is NOT true about Blombos Cave?
It includes several "Venus" figurines
Which is not true about Homo Floresiensis?
It lived until it went extinct 150,000 years ago
Which is not true about Ardi?
It's brain size is between 700-730cm3
What makes afarensis a hominin?
It's efficient bipedalism
People who make stone tools are called:
Knappers
The Neandertal site in Croatia which has one of the oldest intentional burials is
Krapina
Fossil remains from Dmanisi Indicate that
Large brains were required to migrate out of Africa
What is the term used for small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core?
Microliths
Even though the cranial capacity estimates of Australipiths are within the range of most modern great apes, their brains were:
More encephalized
The stone tool technology most often associated with the Neandertals is termed
Mousterian
Australopithecus Africanus was also big-toothed, but not as extreme as
Paranthropus
The oldest possible hominin found to date has been given the genus name
Sahelanthropus
Which is the first step to fossil research?
Select a site and survey it
The skeleton of a 30 to 45-year-old male with a heel fracture to the face right arm and right leg was found at the site of
Shanidar
Which African site contained traces of compound adhesives made from red ocher and plant gum used to haft stone tools to handles?
Sibudu Caves
Neandertal brain size
was larger, on average, than that of modern humans
Shanidar cave is located in
Iraq
The term homo ergaster
Is sometimes used to refer to African Homo erectus specimens.
The task of interpreting early hominin evolution
Is still not complete
The Dmanisi site is located in
Republic of Georgia
The hominin fossils from Laetoli and Hadar are classified by most researchers as
Australopithecus afarensis
Dated to ________ Lantian is older than Zhoukoudian
1.15 mya
If an isotope has a half-life or 4 billion years, then in 4 billion years
1/2 of the original amount will be present
16 of 20 of the best documented Neandertal burials
Include individuals placed in a flexed position
Some pre-modern Homo sapiens and Homo erectus specimens share traits such as
A large face
A saggital crest is
A raised ridge of bone running along the midline of the cranium for the attachment of the muscles
The earliest hominins have varied combinations of features. For example, Sahelanthropus has
A very small brain size
Bifacially flakes tools characterize the _________ stone tool industry
Acheulian
Although there is no complete agreement, current evidence indicates that the earliest anatomically modern Homo sapiens fossils are from
Africa
H. heidelbergensis from _______, is hypothesized to have evolved into H. Sapiens?
Africa
The genetic analysis of Neandertal fossils indicates they were found in all these areas, except:
Africa
If the early dates for home tools found at Katanda are correct, then
Africa may rival many European Upper Paleolithic innovations, as early as 80,000 y.a
The Acheulian tool industry is not found in
America
According to partial replacement models, modern humans first appeared in Africa
And interbred with pre-modern populations of Eurasia, thus partially displacing them.
According to the complete replacement model anatomically modern Homeo sapiens first appeared in Africa
And migrated into other areas completely displacing all pre-modern H. Sapiens populations without interbreeding with them
The taxonomic designation Raymond Dart assigned to the Taung fossil was
Australopithecus Africanus
Lascaux and Altamira
Are famous for their elaborate cave paintings
Neandertals are classified in the text:
As H. Erectus neanderthalensis
Lovejoy's male provisioning scenario
Assumes that males were paired monogamously with females
Which of the following pre-modern Homo sapiens crania shows possible evidence of cannibalism in the form of cut marks
Bodo
Which of the following is not one of the seven anatomically Modern human localities in China?
Border Cave
Sahelanthropus was discovered in
Central Africa
Of the hominin sites listed below, which one/s has/have the best preserved fossil material for Homo erectus in Europe?
Ceprano
The cave paintings in the Grotte Chauvet
Have many images, including dots, stenciled handprints and hundreds of animal representations
Australopithecus afarensis
Includes Lucy and a 3y.o. hominin from Dikka
Some Neandertal physical characteristics may have arisen as adaptations to a _________ environment
Cold
Types of Upper Paleolithic art include all, EXCEPT
Complex clothes
A stone reduced by flake removal is called:
Cores
__________ Is a site in France dated to 30,000 years ago. Fossil material from this site became the archetype for Upper Paleolithic Europeans.
Cro-Magnon
An important new find of a mostly complete child skeleton belonging to an Australopithecus Afarensis was announced in 2006 coming from which site?
Dikka
All the original Homo Erectus fossils discovered as Zhoukoudian during the 1920's and 1930's
Disappear during World War II
Which of the following sites is not in China?
Dmanisi
The earliest of the East African homo erectus fossils come from
East Turkana
In Africa, pre-modern Homo sapiens fossils have been found in all of the following except
Egypt
Bernard Wood, has suggested that the name Homo ________ be used Or the African remains and that Homo Erectus be reserved solely for the Asian material
Ergaster
Majority of Neandertal fossils have been found in
Europe
Pre-modern Homo sapiens fossils are found in
Europe and elsewhere in the old world
A thin-edged fragment removed from a core is called:
Flakes
In Israel important discoveries at Tabun and Kebara include all, except
For well preserved spears
The late Miocene of various possible hominins, assigned to the genus Ardipithecus, were discovered
In the middle awash
The first evidence of deliberate burial of the dead is associated with
Neandertals
Where did Leakey and his team find the remains of Homo Habilis?
Oduvai Gorge
The best documented remains of early genus "Homo" have been found at
Olduvai Gorge
Carbon 14 dating is most appropriate for dating
Organic material
Recently discovered remains from the Tugen Hills, dated to about 6 million years ago have been placed in the genus
Orrorin
The earliest member of our own species are frequently referred to as
Premodern Homo sapiens
What is the term used for a method of removing flakes from a core by pressing a pointer implement against stone?
Pressure flaking
Early modern Homo sapiens remains have been found at ________ in Israel
Qafzeh
The first period to describe and classify an Australopithecus fossil was
Raymond Dart
Regarding the fossil material termed "early homo", Leakey guesses was our ancestor:
Some scholars think there may actually be more than one species present
Where does the best evidence of middle Pleistocene human controlled fire come from?
South Africa
The most important fossils of foot structuring of early hominids come from:
Sterkfontein
The earliest hominin discovery from Africa and the world was done in
The 1920's
During the middle Pleistocene, pre modern Homo sapiens invented
The Levallios technique
Technological changes typical of the Upper Paleolithic include
The increased use of bone and antler
Upper Paleolithic peoples made symbolic depictions on all of these, EXCEPT
Their bodies in the form of tattoos
There is some evidence to suggest the following about Neandertals except:
They used bows and arrows for long-distance hunting
One aspect in which Asian erectus differ from East African erectus is that fossils found in Asia's have _________ cranial bones
Thick
The most significant H. Sapiens fossil localities in China are:
Tianyan Cave
Compared to the Upper Paleolithic modern humans, Neandertals
Tools are usually more sophisticated
More than 100,000 artifacts of been recovered from this vast site, which was occupied intermittently for many thousand years
Zhoukoudian
Of the sides below which one is the Homo erectus site that provides the longest record of habitation?
Zhoukoudian
The average Neandertal was
more robust than modern humans