Anthropology Final Exam

The almost complete skeleton of a male Homo Erectus with an approximate age at death of 8 years was found at

West Turkana

Evidence for animal butchering is

Widespread in homo erectus sites

The Gina pelvis is very different from the Nariokotome pelvis and is unusual for its considerable

Width

Which of the following would be best suited to the carbon-14 dating technique?

certain organic materials less than 75,000 years old

According to the Regional Continuity Model, ________ prevented local populations of premodern Homo sapiens from becoming separate species.

gene flow

The Skuhūl site in Israel is dated to approximately _______ years ago

115,000

The earliest anatomically modern Homo Sapiens fossils from Africa have been dated to about _________ years ago

195,000-80,000

The discoveries of what we now refer to as "Homo Erectus" go back to the ______ century

19th

At sometime probably close to ______________ The first Homo sapiens involved in Africa

200,000

Early rock art from Africa may be as old as ________ years

28,000

The Upper Paleolithic culture period began in Western Europe about __________ years ago

40,000

The evolutionary roots of Neandertals reach as far back as ___________ years ago.

400,000

Neandertal DNA evidence from European gives dates between

50,000-32,000y.a

In Africa early pre-modern Homo sapiens appeared around ________ years ago

600,000

The Middle Pleistocene dated between

780,000-125,000 y.a

Sometime close to 2 mya something decisive occurred in human evolution; for the first time _______

Hominins expanded widely out of Africa

There is nearly universal agreement that the hominins found outside of Africa are all members of the genus

Homo

By using the designation "Homo Habilis" Louis Leakey was implying all of these except

Homo Habilis was not a hominin

The Asian crania from java and China share many similar features, which could be explained by ________ migration from Java to China perhaps around 1 mya

Homo erectus

__________ was contemporaneous with Paranthropus but had a significantly larger brain.

Homo habilis

Neandertal subsistence was based on

Hunting large mammals

The Upper Paleolithic

Is the cultural period which began in Western Europe approx. 40,000 y.a

The recent discovery a Gon area in Africa

Is the first H. Erectus female pelvis found

The atlatl

Is used to increase the distance of a spear throw

Which of the following is NOT true about Blombos Cave?

It includes several "Venus" figurines

Which is not true about Homo Floresiensis?

It lived until it went extinct 150,000 years ago

Which is not true about Ardi?

It's brain size is between 700-730cm3

What makes afarensis a hominin?

It's efficient bipedalism

People who make stone tools are called:

Knappers

The Neandertal site in Croatia which has one of the oldest intentional burials is

Krapina

Fossil remains from Dmanisi Indicate that

Large brains were required to migrate out of Africa

What is the term used for small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core?

Microliths

Even though the cranial capacity estimates of Australipiths are within the range of most modern great apes, their brains were:

More encephalized

The stone tool technology most often associated with the Neandertals is termed

Mousterian

Australopithecus Africanus was also big-toothed, but not as extreme as

Paranthropus

The oldest possible hominin found to date has been given the genus name

Sahelanthropus

Which is the first step to fossil research?

Select a site and survey it

The skeleton of a 30 to 45-year-old male with a heel fracture to the face right arm and right leg was found at the site of

Shanidar

Which African site contained traces of compound adhesives made from red ocher and plant gum used to haft stone tools to handles?

Sibudu Caves

Neandertal brain size

was larger, on average, than that of modern humans

Shanidar cave is located in

Iraq

The term homo ergaster

Is sometimes used to refer to African Homo erectus specimens.

The task of interpreting early hominin evolution

Is still not complete

The Dmanisi site is located in

Republic of Georgia

The hominin fossils from Laetoli and Hadar are classified by most researchers as

Australopithecus afarensis

Dated to ________ Lantian is older than Zhoukoudian

1.15 mya

If an isotope has a half-life or 4 billion years, then in 4 billion years

1/2 of the original amount will be present

16 of 20 of the best documented Neandertal burials

Include individuals placed in a flexed position

Some pre-modern Homo sapiens and Homo erectus specimens share traits such as

A large face

A saggital crest is

A raised ridge of bone running along the midline of the cranium for the attachment of the muscles

The earliest hominins have varied combinations of features. For example, Sahelanthropus has

A very small brain size

Bifacially flakes tools characterize the _________ stone tool industry

Acheulian

Although there is no complete agreement, current evidence indicates that the earliest anatomically modern Homo sapiens fossils are from

Africa

H. heidelbergensis from _______, is hypothesized to have evolved into H. Sapiens?

Africa

The genetic analysis of Neandertal fossils indicates they were found in all these areas, except:

Africa

If the early dates for home tools found at Katanda are correct, then

Africa may rival many European Upper Paleolithic innovations, as early as 80,000 y.a

The Acheulian tool industry is not found in

America

According to partial replacement models, modern humans first appeared in Africa

And interbred with pre-modern populations of Eurasia, thus partially displacing them.

According to the complete replacement model anatomically modern Homeo sapiens first appeared in Africa

And migrated into other areas completely displacing all pre-modern H. Sapiens populations without interbreeding with them

The taxonomic designation Raymond Dart assigned to the Taung fossil was

Australopithecus Africanus

Lascaux and Altamira

Are famous for their elaborate cave paintings

Neandertals are classified in the text:

As H. Erectus neanderthalensis

Lovejoy's male provisioning scenario

Assumes that males were paired monogamously with females

Which of the following pre-modern Homo sapiens crania shows possible evidence of cannibalism in the form of cut marks

Bodo

Which of the following is not one of the seven anatomically Modern human localities in China?

Border Cave

Sahelanthropus was discovered in

Central Africa

Of the hominin sites listed below, which one/s has/have the best preserved fossil material for Homo erectus in Europe?

Ceprano

The cave paintings in the Grotte Chauvet

Have many images, including dots, stenciled handprints and hundreds of animal representations

Australopithecus afarensis

Includes Lucy and a 3y.o. hominin from Dikka

Some Neandertal physical characteristics may have arisen as adaptations to a _________ environment

Cold

Types of Upper Paleolithic art include all, EXCEPT

Complex clothes

A stone reduced by flake removal is called:

Cores

__________ Is a site in France dated to 30,000 years ago. Fossil material from this site became the archetype for Upper Paleolithic Europeans.

Cro-Magnon

An important new find of a mostly complete child skeleton belonging to an Australopithecus Afarensis was announced in 2006 coming from which site?

Dikka

All the original Homo Erectus fossils discovered as Zhoukoudian during the 1920's and 1930's

Disappear during World War II

Which of the following sites is not in China?

Dmanisi

The earliest of the East African homo erectus fossils come from

East Turkana

In Africa, pre-modern Homo sapiens fossils have been found in all of the following except

Egypt

Bernard Wood, has suggested that the name Homo ________ be used Or the African remains and that Homo Erectus be reserved solely for the Asian material

Ergaster

Majority of Neandertal fossils have been found in

Europe

Pre-modern Homo sapiens fossils are found in

Europe and elsewhere in the old world

A thin-edged fragment removed from a core is called:

Flakes

In Israel important discoveries at Tabun and Kebara include all, except

For well preserved spears

The late Miocene of various possible hominins, assigned to the genus Ardipithecus, were discovered

In the middle awash

The first evidence of deliberate burial of the dead is associated with

Neandertals

Where did Leakey and his team find the remains of Homo Habilis?

Oduvai Gorge

The best documented remains of early genus "Homo" have been found at

Olduvai Gorge

Carbon 14 dating is most appropriate for dating

Organic material

Recently discovered remains from the Tugen Hills, dated to about 6 million years ago have been placed in the genus

Orrorin

The earliest member of our own species are frequently referred to as

Premodern Homo sapiens

What is the term used for a method of removing flakes from a core by pressing a pointer implement against stone?

Pressure flaking

Early modern Homo sapiens remains have been found at ________ in Israel

Qafzeh

The first period to describe and classify an Australopithecus fossil was

Raymond Dart

Regarding the fossil material termed "early homo", Leakey guesses was our ancestor:

Some scholars think there may actually be more than one species present

Where does the best evidence of middle Pleistocene human controlled fire come from?

South Africa

The most important fossils of foot structuring of early hominids come from:

Sterkfontein

The earliest hominin discovery from Africa and the world was done in

The 1920's

During the middle Pleistocene, pre modern Homo sapiens invented

The Levallios technique

Technological changes typical of the Upper Paleolithic include

The increased use of bone and antler

Upper Paleolithic peoples made symbolic depictions on all of these, EXCEPT

Their bodies in the form of tattoos

There is some evidence to suggest the following about Neandertals except:

They used bows and arrows for long-distance hunting

One aspect in which Asian erectus differ from East African erectus is that fossils found in Asia's have _________ cranial bones

Thick

The most significant H. Sapiens fossil localities in China are:

Tianyan Cave

Compared to the Upper Paleolithic modern humans, Neandertals

Tools are usually more sophisticated

More than 100,000 artifacts of been recovered from this vast site, which was occupied intermittently for many thousand years

Zhoukoudian

Of the sides below which one is the Homo erectus site that provides the longest record of habitation?

Zhoukoudian

The average Neandertal was

more robust than modern humans