Chapter 3 Learning Curves 3B
The forebrain
Has evolved to mold to the new complexities
Missy became a quadriplegic after a spinal cord injury she suffered in a car accident. Based on the extent of her lost abilities, it is MOST likely that the injury occurred _____ her spinal cord.
Higher on
The _____ is an area of the brain that is involved in the formation of new memories and the integration of these memories into a network of knowledge.
Hippocampus
Which behavior is MOST likely connected to activity in the cerebral cortex?
pondering the meaning of life
The _____ is the area of the brain that deals with orienting a person toward or away from pleasurable or threatening stimuli.
Midbrain
Thalia watches Dynus reach for and place popcorn in his mouth. In response to his behavior, Thalia MOST likely experiences activation of her:
Mirror neurons
The tegmentum is the portion of the midbrain responsible for:
Movement & arousal
parasympathetic nervous system
Activates digestion
_____ have an extremely complex cerebral cortex.
Mammals
Which situation is MOST likely to involve the action of the parasympathetic nervous system?
After a satisfying evening meal, Callum relaxes in front of the television.
The primary function of the hindbrain is to:
Control the most basic functions of life
Clarita fell off of a ladder and hit the back of her head, which caused partial blindness. She MOST likely suffered damage to her _____ lobe.
Occipital
Maria recently was in a car accident and afterward developed partial blindness. Which of her lobes was MOST likely damaged?
Occipital
Brain scans reveal that when visually impaired people learn Braille early in life, brain areas specialized for vision become active, suggesting that these areas become involved in processing touch sensations. Based this information, these visual areas take on functions normally associated with the _____ lobe.
Parietal
_____ syndrome refers to a phenomenon in which patients with amputations continue to experience sensations where the missing body part would be.
Phantom limb
Areas of the cortex will sometimes take over adjacent areas. The ability of the brain to change in this way is called _____. .
Plasticity
The _____ serves as a bridge from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain.
Pons
Donald is walking in his backyard, feels something sharp on the bottom of his foot, and immediately lifts his weight off his foot to remove it from the ground. Donald's lifting weight off his foot to remove the pain is caused by his:
Spinal reflexes
The _____ is an area of the midbrain that orients an organism in the environment.
Tectum
Which structure is in the midbrain rather than the hindbrain?
Tectum
A stroke or other damage in the _____ lobe can lead to deficits in hearing and language.
Temporal
Heidi is explaining the endocrine system to her brother. She states that the _____ are involved in responses to stress.
adrenal glands
Jayden is frightened of spiders. While in his basement, he sees a small spider, becomes terrified, and runs upstairs. An area of the forebrain called the _____ is responsible for Jayden's feeling of fear.
amygdala
Someone with damage to the temporal lobe would be MOST likely to display:
an inability to form a sentence.
The primary functions of the central nervous system do NOT include:
carrying information to vessels and glands.
If Bill is walking down the street by himself at night and thinks he hears footsteps behind him, he is NOT likely to experience:
increased hunger.
A police officer was fatally wounded. He was shot in the head and immediately stopped breathing. It is MOST likely the bullet pierced his:
medulla.
The tegmentum is the portion of the midbrain responsible for:
movement and arousal.
The primary function of the midbrain is:
orienting a person toward or away from threatening stimuli.
Arden's heart rate and respiration are slowing, and her digestion is facilitated. Her _____ nervous system has become active.
parasympathetic
After being startled awake in the middle of the night, it turns out that the noise Sahil heard was the closet rod breaking from the weight of his winter coats. Knowing that, Sahil begins to calm down, and his heart stops racing. Clearly Sahil's _____ system has been activated.
parasympathetic nervous
Which choice CORRECTLY orders branches of the nervous system from the broadest to the most specific?
peripheral → autonomic → sympathetic
The _____ releases hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the body.
pituitary gland
_____ refers to the ability of the cortex to adapt to change.
plasticity
Studies of concert pianists, patients with amputations, quilters, and taxi drivers have all shown examples of:
plasticity in the brain.
The main purpose of the nervous system is to:
provide a large network of interacting nerve fibers passing information throughout the body.
Damage to the spinal cord influences the ability of the brain to:
receive information from the senses and direct movement.
The area of the hindbrain called the pons:
relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain
When Nick reaches for his fork to take a bite of his pasta, he can consciously do so because he is using his _____ nervous system.
somatic
Which structure is matched with the correct area of the brain?
tegmentum - midbrain
Taylor recently was in a car accident and afterward developed an inability to comprehend language. She MOST likely suffered damage to the left _____ lobe.
temporal
The basal ganglia are a set of subcortical structures involved in:
the direction of intentional movement.
Which two portions of the central nervous system are absolutely essential to survival?
the hindbrain and the midbrain
A person could survive with only the hindbrain and the midbrain because these portions of the brain are involved in:
vital functions and orientation.