AP BIO chapter 4 moodle quiz

Bacteria do not have organelles; yet, the same reactions that take place on the mitochondria inner membrane, the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, and chloroplasts, photosynthesis, take place in bacteria. Where do these reactions take place? a. These reactions occur in the cytoplasm present in the bacteria. b. These reactions take place in the nucleoid of the bacteria. c. These reactions take place in the mesosomes. d. These reactions occur on the plasma membrane of bacteria.

d

Is the nuclear membrane part of the endomembrane system? Why or why not? a. The nuclear membrane is considered a part of the endomembrane system as it is continuous with the Golgi body. b. The nuclear membrane is not considered a part of the endomembrane system as the nucleus is a separate organelle. c. The nuclear membrane is not a part of the endomembrane system as the endoplasmic reticulum is a separate organelle of the cell. d. The nuclear membrane is part of the endomembrane system as it is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

d

The major role of the cell wall in bacteria is protecting the cell against changes in osmotic pressure, pressure caused by different solute concentrations in the environment. Bacterial cells swell, but do not burst, in low solute concentrations. What happens to bacterial cells if a compound that interferes with the synthesis of the cell wall is added to an environment with low solute concentrations? a. Bacterial cells will shrink in size. b. Bacterial cells will shrink due to the lack of cell wall material. c. Bacterial cells remain normal; they have alternative pathways to synthesize cell walls. d. Bacterial cells may burst due to the influx of water.

d

What are the similarities and differences between the structures of centrioles and flagella? a. Centrioles are made of microtubules but flagella are made of microfilaments and both show the same arrangement. b. Centrioles are made of microtubules and flagella are made of microfilaments and both have different structures. c. Centrioles and flagella are made of microfilaments. Centrioles have a 9 + 2 arrangement. d. Centrioles and flagella are made of microtubules but show different arrangements.

d

Eukaryotic cells contain complex organelles that carry out their chemical reactions. Prokaryotes lack many of these complex organelles, although they have a variety of unique structures of their own. However, most prokaryotic cells can exchange nutrients with the outside environment faster than most eukaryotic cells. Why is this so? a. Most prokaryotic cells are smaller, and have a higher surface-to-volume ratio, than eukaryotic cells. b. Most prokaryotic cells are smaller, and have a lower surface-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells. c. Most prokaryotic cells are larger, and have a higher surface-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells. d. Prokaryotic cells are larger and have a lower surface-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells.

a

How does the structure of a plasmodesma differ from that of a gap junction? a. Gap junctions are essential for transportation in animal cells and plasmodesmata are essential for the movement of substances in plant cells. b. Plasmodesmata are essential for communication between animal cells and gap junctions are necessary for attachment of cells in plant cells. c. Plasmodesmata help in transportation and gap junctions help in attachment, in plant cells. d. Gap junctions are found to provide attachment in animal cells and plasmodesmata are essential for attachment of plant cells.

a

In order to obtain some materials and remove waste, what process is used by prokaryotes? a. diffusion b. cell division c. flagellar motion d. ribosomes

a

We have discussed the upper limits of cell size; yet, there is a lower limit to cell size. What determines how small a cell can be? a. The cell should be able to accommodate all the structures and metabolic activities necessary to survival. b. The size of the cell should be large enough to reproduce itself. c. The cell should be large enough to escape detection. d. The cell should be large enough to adapt to the changing environmental conditions.

a

What happens to the proteins that are synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm? Do they go through the Golgi apparatus? a. The proteins do not go through the Golgi apparatus and remain free in the cytosol. b. These proteins go through the Golgi apparatus and remain in the cytosol. c. These proteins move through the Golgi apparatus and enter in the nucleus. d. The proteins do not go through the Golgi apparatus and move into the nucleus for processing.

a

What is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a. Both cells have cytoplasm but prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. b. Both cells have a nucleus but prokaryotic cells lack cytoplasm. c. Both cells have DNA but prokaryotic cells lack a cell membrane. d. Both cells have a cell membrane but prokaryotic cells lack DNA

a

What is the basic unit of life? a. cell b. organ c. tissue d. organism

a

Which of the following do not play a role in intracellular movement? a. only intermediate filaments b. microfilaments and intermediate filaments c. intermediate filaments and microtubules d. microfilaments and microtubules

a

Which of the following is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers? a. nucleus b. nucleolus c. lysosomes d. ribosomes

a

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory? a. All living organisms are made of cells. b. All cells depend on their surroundings to provide energy. c. All cells have a nucleus. d. All cells contain DNA that they pass on to daughter cells.

a

How do cilia and flagella differ? a. Cilia are found in prokaryotic cells and flagella in eukaryotic cells. b. Cilia are short and found in large numbers on the cell surface whereas flagella are long and fewer in number. c. Cilia are helpful in the process of engulfing food. Flagella are involved in the movement of the organism. d. Cilia are made of microfilaments and flagella of microtubules.

b

Inhibitors of microtubule assembly, vinblastine for example, are used for cancer chemotherapy. How does an inhibitor of microtubule assembly affect cancerous cells? a. The inhibitors bind the microtubule to the nuclear membrane, stopping cell division. b. The inhibitors restrict the separation of chromosomes, thereby stopping cell division. c. The inhibitor interferes with energy production. d. The inhibition of microtubules interferes with the synthesis of proteins.

b

Mitochondria are observed in plant cells that contain chloroplasts. Why do you find mitochondria in photosynthetic tissue? a. Mitochondria participate in the Calvin cycle/ light independent reactions of photosynthesis. b. Mitochondria are required to break down sugars and other materials for energy. c. Mitochondria are not needed but are an evolutionary relic. d. Mitochondria and chloroplasts work together to use light energy to make sugars.

b

What are the advantages and disadvantages of light microscopes? What are the advantages and disadvantages of electron microscopes? a. Advantage: Light microscopes have high resolution. Electron microscopes are helpful in viewing surface details of a specimen. Disadvantage: Light microscopes kill the cell. Electron microscopes are costly and low resolution. b. Advantage: In light microscopes, the light beam does not kill the cell. Electron microscopes are helpful in viewing intricate details of a specimen and have high resolution. Disadvantage: Light microscopes have low resolving power. Electron microscopes are costly and require killing the specimen. c. Advantage: Light microscopes have high resolution. Electron microscopes are helpful in viewing surface details of a specimen. Disadvantage: Light microscopes can be used only in the presence of light and are costly. Electron microscopes uses short wavelength of electrons and hence have lower magnification. d. Advantage: Light microscopes have high magnification. Electron microscopes are helpful in viewing surface details of a specimen. Disadvantage: Light microscopes can be used only in the presence of light and have lower resolution. Electron microscopes can be used only for viewing ultra-thin specimens.

b

When bacteria lack fimbriae, what are they less likely to do? a. retain the ability to divide b. Adhere to cell surfaces c. synthesize proteins d. swim through bodily fluids

b

Where would you find DNA, the genetic material, in an animal cell? a. in the centriole b. in the mitochondria and the nucleus c. only in the mitochondria

b

Which of the following could most effectively be visualized with a scanning electron microscope? a. the movement of molecules inside the cell b. a three-dimensional view of the surface of a membrane c. details of structures inside cells d. cells swimming in a drop of pond water.

b

Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)? Select one: a. a cell that secretes enzymes b. a cell that makes steroid hormones c. a cell that destroys pathogens d. a cell that engages in photosynthesis

b

Which of the following sequences correctly lists in order the steps involved in the incorporation of a protein within a cell membrane? Select one: a. synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the Golgi apparatus; packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum; modification in the vesicle b. synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the Golgi; distribution via the vesicle c. synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; modification in the Golgi; packaging in the vesicle; distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum d. synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; packaging in the vesicle; distribution via the Golgi; modification in the endoplasmic reticulum

b

In plant cells, the function of the lysosomes is carried out by what? a. peroxisomes b.ribosomes c. vacuole d.nuclei

c

In what situation, or situations, would the use of a light microscope be ideal? Why? a. A light microscope reveals the internal structures of a cell, which cannot be viewed by transmission electron microscopy. b. A standard light microscope is used to view living organisms with little contrast to distinguish them from the background, which would be harder to see with the electron microscope. c. A light microscope allows visualization of small living cells, which have been stained and cannot be viewed by scanning electron microscope. d. A light microscope is used to view the details of the surface of a cell as it cannot be viewed in detail by the transmission microscope.

c

What are the structural and functional similarities and differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts? a. Similarities: double membrane and ATP production. Differences: mitochondria have inter-membrane space and inner folds called cristae; chloroplast contains accessory pigments in thylakoids, which form grana and a stroma. b. Similarities: DNA, inter-membrane space, ATP production, and chlorophyll. Differences: mitochondria have a matrix and inner folds called cristae; chloroplast contains accessory pigments in thylakoids, which form grana and a stroma. c. Similarities: double membrane, inter-membrane space, ATP production, contain DNA. Differences: mitochondria have inner folds called cristae, chloroplast contains accessory pigments in thylakoids, which form grana and a stroma. d. Similarities: double membrane and ATP production. Differences: mitochondria have inter-membrane space, inner folds called cristae, ATP synthase for ATP synthesis, and DNA; chloroplast contains accessory pigments in thylakoids, which, form grana and a stroma.

c

When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, what is a method that scientists use to make it easier to see individual components of cells? a. a beam of electrons b. high temperatures c. special stains d. radioactive isotopes

c

Which element of the cell theory has practical applications in health care because it promotes the use of sterilization and disinfection? a. A nucleus and organelles are found in prokaryotic cells. b. A cell is the basic unit of life. c. All cells come from pre-existing cells. d. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

c

Which of the following observations contributed to the cell theory? a. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane. b. Animal and plant cells have nuclei and organelles. c. Non-living material cannot give rise to living organisms. d. Viruses replicate.

c

Which of these is a possible explanation for the presence of a rigid cell wall in plants? Select one: a. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall to prevent the influx of waste material. b. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall to protect themselves from grazing animals. c. Plants are subjected to osmotic pressure and a cell wall helps them against bursting or shrinking. d. Plants remain exposed to changes in temperature and thus require rigid cell walls to protect themselves.

c

Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? a. nucleus b. mitochondrion c. centrosomes d. ribosomes

d

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system? a. endoplasmic reticulum b. lysosome c. Golgi apparatus d. mitochondrion

d

Which of the following structures is not found in prokaryotic cells? a. ribosome b. nucleoid c.plasma membrane d. chloroplast

d