AP Bio Exam
Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?
Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress.
The FtsZ protein is present in prokaryotes and in chloroplasts. The protein is structurally and functionally similar to tubulin proteins of eukaryotic cells. Which of the following is a likely conclusion to draw from this information?
Tubulin genes are evolutionarily derived from the gene that codes for the FtsZ protein
If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to
add more of the enzyme.
How can gene flow improve adaptation of population?
beneficial alleles are transferred to a new population
Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase. The zinc most likely functions as a(n)
cofactor necessary for enzyme activity.
What types of proteins are synthesized by the rough ER?
lysosomal proteins
Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?
macrophage (phagocytic cell)
A mutation that results in a single amino acid substitution in a region of the enzyme outside of the active site
may alter the optimal pH for the enzyme.
A double membrane encloses which of the following organelles?
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?
organelles isolate specific reactions increasing metabolic efficiency
Which of the following processes includes all the others?
passive transport
If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15-N, which of these molecules will be labeled?
proteins and nucleic acids
Which of the following depicts the most probable pathway of processing and packaging a secretory protein within a eukaryotic cell?
rough endoplasmic reticulum --> golgi body --> secretory vesicles --> cell membrane
If the original finches that had been blown over to the Galápagos Islands from South America had already been genetically different from the parental population of South American finches, even before adapting to the Galápagos, this would have been an example of
the founder effect
In peas, a gene controls flower color such that R = purple and r = white. In an isolated pea patch, there are 36 purple-flowering plants and 64 white-flowering plants. Assuming HardyWeinberg equilibrium, what is the value of q for this population?
0.8
A certain species of plant has four genetic loci, W, X, Y, and Z. Each genetic locus has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. For a plant with the genotype WwXxYyZz, what is the probability that the plant will produce a gamete with a haploid genotype of Wxyz ? Give your answer as a fraction or as a value between 0 and 1, to four decimal places.
1/16
The SA/V ratio of a small cell is greater than that of a larger cell. How many more times greater is the SA/V of a spherical cell with a radius of 10 microns, then another cell with a radius of 100 microns. The formula for the volume of a sphere is 4/3*pi*r3 and the formula for Surface Area of a sphere is 4*pi*r2
10
Cinnabar eyes is a sex-linked recessive characteristic in fruit flies. If a female having cinnabar eyes is crossed with a wild-type male, what percentage of the F1 males will have cinnabar eyes?
100%
A student performs a dialysis experiment in a biology class. The weight of the dialysis tubing is weighed before and after 30 minutes. The table below shows the classroom data. Calculate the average percent change for the class data. Group Weight before dialysis Weight after dialysis 1 101 g 122 g 2 98 g 116 g 3 106 g 123 g 4 92 g 111 g
19%
In a certain species of flowering plant, the purple allele P is dominant to the yellow allele p. A student performed a cross between a purple-flowered plant and a yellow-flowered plant. When planted, the 146 seeds that were produced from the cross matured into 87 plants with purple flowers and 59 plants with yellow flowers. Calculate the chi-squared value for the null hypothesis that the purple-flowered parent was heterozygous for the flower-color gene. Give your answer to the nearest tenth.
5.4
The net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes?
6
Which statement about variation is true?
All new alleles are the result of nucleotide variability.
Which of the following statements best supports the clain that organisms share fundamental processes as a result of evolution?
All organisms share a genetic code organized into triplet codons, making it possible for one organism to express a gene from another organism.
Suppose you are provided with an actively dividing culture of E. coli bacteria to which radioactive thymine has been added. What would happen if a cell replicates once in the presence of this radioactive base?
DNA in both daughter cells would be radioactive.
Hydrangea plants of the same genotype are planted in a large flower garden. Some of the plants produce blue flowers and others produce pink flowers. This can be best explained by which of the following statements?
Environmental factors such as soil pH affect phenotype.
Living cells typically have biosynthetic pathways to synthesize at least some of the amino acids used in making proteins. Some strains of E. coli, a prokaryote, can synthesize the amino acid tryptophan, while other E.coli strains cannot. Similarly, some strains of the yeast S. cerevisiae, a eukaryote, can synthesize tryptophan, while other S. cerevisiae strains cannot. Which of the following describes the most likely source of genetic variation found in the tryptophan synthesis pathways of both species?
Errors in DNA replication lead to genetic variation
Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept, is (are) correct? I. Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation. II. Biological species are the model used for grouping extinct forms of life. III. The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful interbreeding is possible.
I and III
If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?
Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient
In 1944 Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty performed transformation experiments using live, harmless bacteria and extracts from virulent bacteria treated with various enzymes. Which of the following enzymes were used and why?
Proteases and RNases to rule out protein and RNA as the transforming factors
Which observation provides evidence that two population are likely experiencing reproductive isolation and that there is little if any genetic exchange between them?
The males of one population sing different songs than the males of the other population
By discharging electric sparks into a laboratory chamber atmosphere that consisted of water vapor, hydrogen gas, methane, and ammonia, Stanley Miller obtained data that showed that a number of organic molecules, including many amino acids, could be synthesized. Miller was attempting to model early Earth conditions as understood in the 1950's. The results of Miller's experiments best support which of the following hypotheses?
The molecules essential to life today could have formed under early Earth conditions
How would one explain a testcross involving F1 dihybrid flies in which more parental-type offspring than recombinant-type offspring are produced?
The two genes are closely linked on the same chromosome.
MSRA is the acronym for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Many of the strains of the common bacterium are also resistant to other antibiotics in use today. The resistance is linked to a collection of genes carried on plasmids that are passed from one bacterium to another by conjugation. Suppose a newly discovered chemically different antibiotic is used in place of methicillin. Which of the following would be the most likely effect on Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance?
Transmission of the methicillin-resistance plasmid would gradually decrease but the plasmid would not entirely disappear from the Staphylococcus aureus population
Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they
are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
The movement of the hydrophobic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) (laughing gas) into a cell is an example of
diffusion through the lipid bilayer.
A primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals is to
enable the membrane to stay fluid more easily when the temperature drops.
In experimental tests of enzyme evolution, a gene encoding an enzyme was subjected to multiple cycles of random mutagenesis and selection for altered substrate specificity. The resulting enzyme had altered substrate specificity and multiple amino acid changes. Where in the enzyme would you expect these amino acid changes to be located?
in or near the active site and at surface sites distant from the active site
Sickle-cell anemia results from a point mutation in the HBB gene. The mutation results in the replacement of an amino acid that has a hydrophilic R group with an amino acid that has a hydrophobic R group on the exterior of the hemoglobin protein. Such a mutation would most likely result in altered
properties of the molecule as a result of abnormal interactions between adjacent hemoglobin molecules
A group of people whose ancestors immigrated to North America 200 years ago have certain allele frequencies that differ significantly from those in surrounding populations in the United States. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the difference in allele frequencies?
reproductive isolation
There is strong evidence that two species of cliff-dwelling birds have nested in the same enironment and fed in the same water for thousands of years, with each having stable population sizes. Based on this information, which of the following statements is the best conclusion?
the two birds have different ecological niches that allow coexistence
