AP BIO MC QUIZ Q'S

How much carbon (g/m^2) is released into the atmosphere as a result of the metabolic activity of herbivores? Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

ANSWER: 60

19. The first diagram below shows the levels of mRNA from two different genes (bicoid and caudal) at different positions along the anterior-posterior axis of a Drosophila egg immediately before fertilization. The second diagram shows the levels of the two corresponding proteins along the anterior-posterior axis shortly after fertilization. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data?

(A) Bicoid protein inhibits translation of caudal mRNA.

23. An individual's humoral response to a particular antigen differs depending on whether or not the individual has been previously exposed to that antigen. Which of the following graphs properly represents the humoral immune response when an individual is exposed to the same antigen more than once?

(A.)

31. The diagram above shows a developing worm embryo at the four-cell stage. Experiments have shown that when cell 3 divides, the anterior daughter cell gives rise to muscle and gonads and the posterior daughter cell gives rise to the intestine. However, if the cells of the embryo are separated from one another early during the four-cell stage, no intestine will form. Other experiments have shown that if cell 3 and cell 4 are recombined after the initial separation, the posterior daughter cell of cell 3 will once again give rise to normal intestine. Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for these findings?

(A.) A cell surface protein on cell 4 signals cell 3 to induce formation of the worm's intestine.

. Anabaena is a simple multicellular photosynthetic cyanobacterium. In the absence of fixed nitrogen, certain newly developing cells along a filament express genes that code for nitrogen-fixing enzymes and become nonphotosynthetic heterocysts. The specialization is advantageous because some nitrogen-fixing enzymes function best in the absence of oxygen. Heterocysts do not carry out photosynthesis but instead provide adjacent cells with fixed nitrogen, in exchange receiving fixed carbon and reduced energy carriers. Etc.

(A.) In an environment with low fixed nitrogen, treating the Anabaena cells with a calcium-binding compound should prevent heterocyst differentiation.

34. Strenuous exercise lowers the blood pH, causing the curves for both hemoglobin and myoglobin to shift to the right. This shift results in:

(A.) an unloading of O2 at higher partial pressures

26. Plates I and III were included in the experimental design in order to

(A.) demonstrate that the E. coli cultures were viable

36. The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is: .. If the input water is labeled with a radioactive isotope of oxygen, 18 O,then the oxygen gas released as the reaction proceeds is also labeled with 18 O. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

(B.) During the light reactions of photosynthesis, water is split, removing electrons and protons, and oxygen gas is released.

22. Testosterone oxido-reductase is a liver enzyme that regulates testosterone levels in alligators. One study compared testosterone oxido-reductase activity between male and female alligators from Lake Woodruff, a relatively pristine environment, and from Lake Apopka, an area that has suffered severe contamination. The graph above depicts the findings of that study. The data in the graph best support which of the following claims?

(B.) Environmental contamination reduces total testosterone oxido-reductase activity in females.

29. Experimental evidence shows that the process of glycolysis is present and virtually identical in organisms from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence?

(B.) Glycolysis is a universal energy-releasing process and therefore suggests a common ancestor for all forms of life.

15. Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that the difference in leaf color is genetically controlled?

(D.) The existence of yellow-leaved seedlings as well as green-leaved ones on day 14 in dish B

In a certain species of flowering plant, the purple allele P is dominant to the yellow allele p. A student performed a cross between a purple-flowered plant and a yellow-flowered plant. When planted, the 146 seeds that were produced from the cross matured into 87 plants with purple flowers and 59 plants with yellow flowers. Calculate the chi-squared value for the null hypothesis that the purple-flowered parent was heterozygous for the flower-color gene. Give your answer to the nearest tenth.

ANSWER: 5.3-5.4