ap bio midterm unit 1

Which of the following best describes the process that adds a monosaccharide to an existing polysaccharide?

A specific enzyme removes the hydrogen (HH) from the monosaccharide and the hydroxide (OHOH) from the polysaccharide, creating a bond between the two and creating a water (H2OH2O) molecule.

Which statement describes how water is pulled up through the xylem to the leaves of the plant?

As water exits the leaf, hydrogen bonding between water molecules pulls more water up from below.

Figure 1 represents a segment of DNA. Radiation can damage the nucleotides in a DNA molecule. To repair some types of damage, a single nucleotide can be removed from a DNA molecule and replaced with an undamaged nucleotide. Which of the four labeled bonds in Figure 1 could be broken to remove and replace the cytosine nucleotide without affecting the biological information coded in the DNA molecule?

Bonds Y and Z at the same time

igure 1. Molecule 1 represents RNA, and molecule 2 represents DNA. Which of the following best describes a structural similarity between the two molecules shown in Figure 1 that is relevant to their function?

Both molecules contain nucleotides that form base pairs with other nucleotides, which allows each molecule to act as a template in the synthesis of other nucleic acid molecules.

Which of the following would most likely occur if cattle lost the ability to maintain a colony of microorganisms in their digestive tract?

Cattle would no longer be able to use cellulose as a primary source of glucose.

A student wants to modify model 1 so that it represents an RNA double helix instead of a DNA double helix. Of the following possible changes, which would be most effective in making model 1 look more like RNA than DNA

Changing the deoxyriboses to riboses by adding −OH groups

Which of the following models best demonstrates the arrangement of hydrogen bonds between adjacent water molecules?

H-O-H- -O-HH

Figure 1. A short segment of a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule Which of the following statements is correct about the molecule shown in Figure 1 ?

It is DNA because of the nucleotides present.

Which of the following is common feature of the illustrated reactions showing the linking of monomers to form macromolecules?

Monomers are joined by a covalent bond, and a water molecule is produced.

Which of the following describes a key difference among the 20 amino acids that are used to make proteins?

Some amino acids are hydrophobic.

Based on Figure 1, which of the following best compares the atomic structures of starch and cellulose?

Starch and cellulose are composed of repeating glucose monomers; however, in cellulose every other glucose monomer is rotated 180 degrees.

How might this change affect the structure and function of the protein?

The R-group of the new amino acid, valine, has different chemical properties than the R-groupR-group of cysteine. This will cause the protein to misfold and not function properly in the cell.

As shown in Figure 1, an amino acid must have which of the following properties in order to be incorporated into a polypeptide?

The ability to form a covalent bond with both its NH2 group and its COOH group

Based the information provided, which of the following statements best describes why starch and cellulose provide different functions in plants?

The differences in the assembly and organization of the monomers of these two polymers result in different chemical properties.

Which feature of model 1 best illustrates how biological information is coded in a DNA molecule?

The linear sequence of the base pairs

Which of the following is the most likely reason for the difference in leaf growth?

The phosphorus-starved plant was unable to synthesize both the required nucleic acids and lipids, limiting growth.

As shown in the diagram, when environmental temperatures drop below freezing, a layer of ice typically forms on the surface of bodies of freshwater such as lakes and rivers. Which of the following best describes how the structure of ice benefits the organisms that live in the water below?

The water molecules in ice are farther apart than those in liquid water, so the ice floats, maintaining the warmer, denser water at the lake bottom.