AP Bio Semester 1 Final (Chp 2)

Mitochondria are found in most eukaryotic cells and contain their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those typical of many prokaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is justified by these observations?

A) An ancestral cell most likely engulfed anaerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells.

Which of the following statements best explains the processes of passive and active transport?

A) Passive transport is the net movement of substances down a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substances up a concentration gradient that requires energy.

Figure 1. A model showing a cell engulfing a smaller cell. Which of the following provides evidence to best support the researchers' claim?

A) The organelle has double membrane.

If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would initially result?

A) The person would produce greater amounts of dilute urine.

The following questions refer to an experiment in which the dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis tubing bag, but starch cannot. From the initial conditions and results described, which of the following is a logical conclusion?

A) The pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch molecules.

The student analyzed the data from the investigation and concluded that the estimate of the mean of the one treatment group was unreliable estimate of the mean, and correctly explains why the estimate appears unreliable?

A) Treatment group 2, it has lower than expected mean absorbance and the largest standard error of the mean.

An experiment is set up in which plant cells with mutated (nonfunctional) aquaporins and plant cells with normally functioning aquaporins are both placed in distilled water. Which of the following data would support the alternative hypothesis?

B) Cells with mutated aquaporins exhibit moderate turgor pressure and are hypertonic.

Which of the following correctly shows the order in which protein X moves through the cell?

B) Endoplasmic reticulum---> golgi appartus--> lysosome

Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following subcellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells?

B) Golgi Apparatus

Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a change in the shape of the mitochondrial inner membrane from a highly folded surface to a smooth, flat surface?

B) Mitochondria will become less efficient because of the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membranes will decrease.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?

B) Ribosomes

Individuals with an inherited autosomal recessive disorder called primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) often have severe respiratory problems due to defective cilia. Males with PCD are often sterile because they produce sperm with defective flagella. Which of the following most likely explains the effect of the recessive allele?

B) The cells do not produce functional motor proteins in flagella and cilia.

Based on the data from the investigation, which of the following is the best scientific question about organisms living in water that is polluted with organic solvents?

B) Will organisms living in polluted environments exhibit detrimental effects from an increased permeability of their cellular membranes.

A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes?

C) 6

Which of the following best describes the numbered areas?

C) Areas 1 and 3 are polar, since the membrane molecules are aligned with water molecules.

The illustration shows the active transport of hydrogen ions through a membrane protein. Which of the following best predicts the effect of not having ATP available to supply energy to this process?

C) H+ ions will stop moving through the protein.

Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?

C) Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.

A spherical bacterial cells has a radius of 3. The human egg cell has a radius of 100. Which statement correctly indicates the cell that is able to move efficiently exchange materials with the external environment and provides a correct explanation?

C) The bacterial cell, because it has the largest surface- to- volume ratio.

In an experimental investigation, paramecia were placed in salt solutions of increasing osmolarity. The rate at which the contractile vacuole contracted to pump out excess water was determined and plotted against osmolarity of the solutions, as shown in the graph. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the data?

C) The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases.

Organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have membranes that compartmentalize reactions and other metabolic processes. Which of the following statements describes a feature shared by mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum that increases the efficiency of their basic functions?

C) They have highly folded membranes.

Figure 1. A section's of a cells plasma membrane, showing a channel protein and a concentration gradient across the membrane. An investigator wants to understand whether a newly found membrane protein is involved in membrane transport of a certain particle. Which investigation will help determine whether the new membrane protein is a channel protein involved in membrane transport?

D) Add more of the proteins to the plasma membrane and measure the rate of the particle movement.

In graphing the data from this experiment, the sampling time would be shown on the x-axis because cell components were shown on the y-axis- no response given

D) Sampling time is the independent variable.

The model below shows the structure of a portion of a plasma membrane in an animal cell. Which statement best explains the orientation of the phospohlipid molecules in this model?

D) The hydrophilic phosphate groups of the phospholipid molecules are attracted to the aqueous internal and external environments.

In an experiment, cells were isolated from an aquatic plant and suspended in pond water, a sucrose sugar, solution or distilled water... The results of the experiment are represented in Figure 1. Which of the following statements best explains the observations represented in Figure 1?

D) There was a net movement of water out of the cell suspended in the sugar solution and a net movement of water into the cell suspended in the distilled water.