AP Bio Test 1
The bacterial cell, because it has the largest surface-to-volume ratio.
A spherical bacteria cell has a radius of 3 pm. The human egg cell has a radius of 100 pm. Which statement correctly indicates the cell that is able to more efficiency exchange materials with the external environment and provide a correct explanation.
The membrane potential will be disrupted by an increase in K+ concentration inside the cell.
Based on the model presented in Figure 1., which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a loss protein X function?
The Golgi Complex
Based on the model, the newly synthesized protein in transported directly from the endoplasmic reticulum too which of the following?
Mitochondria will become less efficient because the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membranes will decrease.
Changing the shape or morphology of the mitochondrial inner membrane can change the efficiency of mitochondrial function. Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a change in the shape of the mitochondrial inner membrane from a highly folded surface to a smooth, flat surface?
The animal's body cells are defective in endocytosis.
Cholesterol is an important component of animal cell membranes. Cholesterol molecules are often delivered to body cells by the blood, which transports the molecules in the form of cholesterol-protein complexes. The complexes must be moved into the body cells before the cholesterol molecules can be incorporated into the phospholipid bilayers of cell membranes. Based on the information presented, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a buildup of cholesterol molecules in the blood of an animal?
Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient
If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?
cuboidal cell
In an experiment, the efficiency of oxygen exchange across the plasma membrane is being assessed in four artificial red blood cells. The table above lists some properties of those artificial cells. Other conditions being equal, which artificial cell is predicted to be the most efficient in exchanging oxygen with the environment by diffusion?
Cell A, because it has the larger surface-area-to-volume ratio.
Of the two cells represented in the figure, which would likely be more efficient at exchanging substances with the surrounding environment?
They have highly folded membranes.
Organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have membranes that compartmentalize reactions and other metabolic processes. To function properly, the organelles must move substances across their membranes. Which of the following statements describes a feature shared by mitochondria and the ER that increases the efficiency of their basic functions?
In both plant cells and fungal cells, the cell wall surrounds the outside of the cell membrane.
Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, while fungal cell walls are composed of chitin. A group of scientists hypothesize that this difference means the cell wall has largely different functions in plant cells and fungal cells. Alternatively, another group of scientists hypothesize that despite their biochemical differences, plant and fungal cell walls serve similar functions.
It uses osmosis to carry sodium ions into the cells
The active transport pump used to move sodium ions across the membranes of gills cell in a freshwater fish has each of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
0.3 M
The approximate molarity of the solution in which the mass of the plant pieces would not change is
The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material
The diagram above represents a typical rod-shaped bacterium. Which of the following best describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria?
facilitated diffusion
When a substance moves across the plasma membrane along a concentration gradient at a rate faster than would be expected by simple diffusion alone but without the expenditure of metabolic energy, the process is best described as _____________?
Fewer lysosomes will be available to break down macromolecules to provide the necessary nutrients for cellular respiration.
Which of the following claims is scientifically accurate and consistent with an observation that a decrease in lysosome production within a cell leads to a decline in mitochondrial activity?
Treatment Group A
Which of the following graphs is the most appropriate representation of the experimental data?
Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol
Which of the following processes is most likely to occur as a result of an animal cell receiving a signal to initiate apoptosis?
There was a net movement of water out of the cell suspended in the sugar solution and a net movement of water into the cell suspended in the distilled water.
Which of the following statements best explains the observations represented in Figure 1?
Passive transport is the net movement of substances down a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substances up a concentration gradient that requires energy.
Which of the following statements best explains the processes of passive and active transport?
Water molecules will still be able to move across the cell membrane but at a slower rate.
Which statement best describes the effect on water transport across the cell membrane if the aquaporin in the figure ceases to function?
The hydrophilic phosphate groups of the phospholipid molecules are attracted to the aqueous internal and external environments.
Which statement best explains the orientation of the phospholipid molecules in this model?
Interactions of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids help to anchor the protein in the membrane
Which statement best explains why correct protein folding is critical in the transmembrane protein shown above?
Chloroplast and mitochondria
Which two cellular organelles in eukaryotes have both electron transport systems and chemiosmotic mechanisms?