AP COMP GOV UNIT 4

gender quotas

A percentage of seats in an elected legislature or of candidates that are reserved for women

pluralist system

A political system in which a large number of groups representing a wide variety of interests are able to influence the decisions of government. Government tries to satisfy as many groups as possible, and no group has a dominant influence on government

electoral system

A set of rules that decide how votes are cast, counted, and translated into seats in a legislature

multiparty system

A system in which three or more political parties have the capacity to gain control of government separately or in coalition.

proportional representation

An election system in which each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of the vote.

single-member district (Plurality)

An electoral district in which voters choose one representative or official.

two-party system

An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections.

interest group

An organization of people sharing a common interest or goal that seeks to influence the making of public policy

guardian council

Appointed body that vets candidates for office and can overturn legislation in Iran

el dedazo

Created by the PRI, leaders would select the next candidate

first-past-the-post

Electoral system based on single-member districts in which the candidate who receives the most votes wins.

house of commons

England's lower house in Parliament

patronage

Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support

absolute majority

Half the number of formal votes received in an election plus one

majlis

Legislature of Iran

National Assembly of Nigeria

Nigeria's federal legislative body, the National Assembly, consists of two houses—the House of Representatives and the Senate. All members of the National Assembly are elected directly every four years

federation council

The 178-seat upper house of Russia. Wields relatively little power and represents local interests. It must approve bills that involve certain issues, and can reject Duma legislation, but only within certain parameters.

National People's Congress

The legislature of the People's Republic of China. It is under the control of the Chinese Communist Party and is not an independent branch of government.

state duma

The lower house of the Russian parliament. It proposes legislation, excercises oversight on the bureaucracy.

privatization

To change from government or public ownership or control to private ownership or control.

Boko Haram

a Nigerian militant Islamist group that seeks the imposition of Shariah law throughout all 36 states of Nigeria

corporatist system

Where economic policy is negotiated between government, labor, & industry

Mexico - Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

a Mexican political party founded in 1929 that held uninterrupted power in the country for 71 years from 1929 to 2000

independent election commission

a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country

UK - Labour Party

a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats, democratic socialists and trade unionists. The party's platform emphasises greater state intervention, social justice and strengthening workers' rights

Mexico - National Action Party (PAN)

a conservative political party in Mexico, one of the three main political parties in Mexico

Nigeria - People's Democratic Party (PDP)

a major contemporary political party in Nigeria. Its policies generally lie towards the centre-right of the political spectrum

Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) (Nigeria)

a mass‐based social movement organization of the indigenous Ogoni people of Central Niger Delta

Green Movement (Iran)

a political movement that arose after the 2009 Iranian presidential election, in which protesters demanded the removal of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from office

Catch-all party

a political party whose aim is to gather support from a broad range of citizens through a de-emphasis of ideology and an emphasis on pragmatism, charismatic leadership, and marketing

Mexico - Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)

a social democratic political party in Mexico

national electoral institute

autonomous, public organization responsible for organizing federal elections in Mexico

national mandate

clauses in nation laws including grants-in-aid that direct state and local governments to do something specified by the national government

china - CCP

he founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China. The CPC is the sole governing party within mainland China

UK - Liberal Democrat

liberal political party in UK

single peak associations (SPAs)

normally represents each societal interest. Membership in the peak association is often compulsory and nearly universal. Peak associations are centrally organized and direct the actions of their members. Groups are often systematically involved in making and implementing policy.

gubernatorial

of or relating to a state governor or the office of state governor

Movement of the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) (Nigeria)

one of the largest militant groups in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria

Grassroots

people or society at a local level rather than at the center of major political activity

Nigeria - All Progressives Congress (APC)

political party in Nigeria

one party system

political party system that has only one official political party

Zapatistas/Chiapas (Mexico)

the Zapatista Army of National Liberation, often referred to as the Zapatistas, is a far-left libertarian-socialist political and militant group that controls a substantial amount of territory in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico. Since 1994 the group has been nominally at war with the Mexican state

congress of the union (chamber of deputies and chamber of senators)

the legislature of the federal government of Mexico consisting of two chambers

UK - Conservative Party

the main centre-right political party in the United Kingdom. Their policies usually promote conservatism and British Unionism. After a leadership election, Boris Johnson became leader of the Party.

constituency

the people and interests that an elected official represents

Russia - United Russia

the ruling political party of the Russian Federation

house of lords

the upper house of the British parliament