AP English Semester 1 study guide

independent clause

A clause that can stand alone as a sentence

valetudinarians

a person who is unduly anxious about their health

credentials

a qualification, achievement, personal quality, or aspect of a person's background, typically when used to indicate that they are suitable for something.

potent allusion

a reference to something else (especially famous things) that is especially powerful

reflective aside

a remark or passage in a play that is intended to be heard bu the audience but unheard bu the other characters in the play, said in a way that is contemplating something.

defiant rejoinder

a reply, especially a sharp or witty one, bit in this case showing a resistant mood

claim

a statement that asserts a belief or truth. In arguments, most claims require supporting evidence

appeal to the audience's emotions and experiences (aka Pathos)

a strategy in which a writer tries to generate specific emotions (such as fear, envy, anger, or pity) in an audience to dispose it to accept a claim.

appeal to logic

a strategy in which a writer uses facts, evidence, and reason to convince audience member to accept a claim

line of reasoning

a strategy or an approach used in an argument. Argumentative strategies include appeals to the heart(emotion) to character (ethical appeals,) and to facts (logical appeals).

innuendo

a subtle, insulting comment or gesture, hinting something negative

anecdote

a very short story that is significant to the topic at hand; usually adding personal knowledge or experience to the topic

precise (diction)

being very particular and exactly or sharply defined in what you are saying

common boast

bragging in ordinary everyday language

disavow

deny any responsibility or support for

drab

dull and without color; not cheerful or colorful

reconciliation of opposing positions

finding common areas of agreement between two opposite opinions

commentary

giving your opinion, interpretation, insight, analysis, explication, personal reaction, evaluation or reflection about a concrete detail in an essay

self-depreciating irony

in simple words, it is a difference between appearance an reality. In this case, it is used to put yourself down like saying i'm so smart when you fail a test.

parallel sentence structure

parallel structure(also called parallelism) is the repetition of a chosen grammatical pattern, you create a parallel construction.

refuted

prove to be wrong or false; disprove

Audience

the person or persons to whom an argument is directed

underscore

to emphasize

Orient the audience

to explain at the outset of a writing where the writing is going

bolster

to support

concrete imagery

vivid descriptions to communicate conceps and scenes with sensory language (words that represent colors, objects, textures, and sounds etc.)

discourse

written or spoken communication or debate