AP Euro Ch 20 self test #1
What war caused the debt of France?
The war of Austrian succession
How did Napoleon present himself in his memoirs?
as a romantic hero and liberator whose work was undermined by reactionary enemies (651)
In Reflections on the Revolution in France, Edmund Burke
defended inherited privileges and predicted that reform such as that occurring in France would lead to chaos and tyranny. (633)
What two fundamental principles of the French Revolution did the Napoleonic Code reassert?
equality of all male citizens before the law and absolute security of wealth and private property (644-5)
The only way to calm the disorder caused by the women's march on Versailles was
for the king and his family to move to Paris. (630)
The king responded to the Oath of the Tennis Court in all of the following ways except
he promised to revoke noble and clerical privileges. (627)
The clergy in France
paid a "voluntary gift" to the government every five years rather than regular taxes. (620)
In the Thermidorian reaction, who established their authority in bringing the Reign of Terror to a conclusion?
respectable middle-class lawyers and professionals (643)
In response to the demand of Britain's North American colonists for greater self-rule, the British government asserted that
the absolute supremacy of Parliament throughout the empire could not be questioned. (622-23)
The effort during the Terror to eliminate Catholic symbols and beliefs was called
the dechristianization campaign. (638)
Revisionist historians of the French Revolution have emphasized that
the nobility and the bourgeoisie participated in similar economic activities and were linked together at the top by marriage and Enlightenment culture. (621)
In What Is the Third Estate? the abbé Sieyès argued that
the nobility was a tiny overprivileged minority and that the third estate constituted the true strength of the French nation. (625)
What groups protested most vigorously when Louis XV sought to implement new taxes?
the nobility, the clergy, and others previously exempt from taxation (622)
What does the term "the second revolution" refer to in the era of the French Revolution?
the rapid radicalization of politics following the fall of the monarchy (635)
Louis XVI called for a meeting of the Estates General when
waves of protest swept France in the wake of the king's conflict with the Parlement of Paris. (625)
Louis xvi
"All I would like to be is loved." Dismissed mapeou and general turgot
Thermidorian reaction
A reaction to the violence of the reign of terror which resulted in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls
Dechristianization
An imp element of the cultural revolution which sought to eliminate catholic symbols and belief s
American ambassador in France
Benj franklin
Madame Pompadour
Broke the pattern of invariably chosen mistresses. She supported Voltaire and promoted the rock style. She brang about the alliance with Austria that resulted in the 7 years war
Maupeou
Chancellor who Louis ordered to cruch the judicial opposition to taxes. He abolished existing parliaments and exiled members. He created the maupeou parlements and he began to tax the privileged groups
What did the coersive acts do?
Close the port of Boston, curtail local elections, expanded the King's power
Fighting began at Lexington and concord because
Compromise by the first Continental Congress was rejected by British parliament
Why did france declare war on Austria?
Declaration of pillnitz
American revolution stemmed from
England's debt incurred by the seven year's war. The king increased taxes on the colonies
September massacres
Followed afterlouis's imprisonment. Angry crowds invaded the prisons and slaughtered half the people they found
How did Toussaint L'Ouverture and André Rigaud sustain Saint-Domingue's economy after slavery was abolished?
Former slaves were required to continue working on the plantations. (646-7)
How did the position of free people of color in Saint-Domingue change as the Enlightenment progressed?
Free coloreds began losing rights they had previously held, such as the right to own property and to live where and how they wished. (633)
Which of the following best characterizes the acceptance of French armies in conquered territories?
French armies found support among some peasants as they abolished feudalism, but the armies also looked increasingly like foreign invaders as they requisitioned food and supplies and plundered local treasures. (635)
Declaration of the rights of man
Issues by NA. Stated that men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Also stated that a man's rights were liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression
Desacralization
King louis xv was stripped of the sacred aura of god's anointed on earth. Resulted through his relationship to mdme pompadour
The mountain
Led by Robespierre which seized control of the national convention
Duke of Orleans
Louis xv's regent who enabled the parlement to gain more power by evaluating decrees before they were registered - counterweight to absolutist power
How did women fare during the Napoleonic era?
Napoleon sought to re-establish a family monarchy in which the power of husbands and fathers was absolute. (646)
Duke of aigullion
Noble landowner who urged equality in taxation and elimination of federal dues
Treaty of paris
Officially recognized independence of the colonies
Who protested against the raising taxes?
Previously exempt groups and parlement BC they thought it was unconstitutional and "royal despotism"
Declaration of pillnitz
Professed the leaders of Prussia and Austria's willingness to intervene in France to restore Louis xiv's monarchial rule if necessary
League of armed neutrality
Protected neutral shipping rights organised by cath the gr8.
What happened as a response to the monopoly on Chinese tea granted to the east India company (which excluded colonial merchants from business)
The Boston men disguised themselves as indians and threw the company's tea into the harbor
How did the Mountain outmaneuver the Girondists in 1793?
The Mountain joined with sans-culottes activists to engineer a popular rebellion in which armed sans-culottes forced the arrest of twenty-nine Girondist deputies. (636)
What did the tea party cause
The coersive acts
What happened at the second continental Congress?
The declaration of independence
What saved France from total and early defeat?
The division of Poland
National assembly
The first French revolutionary legislature, made up primarily of reps of the third estate and a few from the nobility and clergy
The reign of terror
The period during which the COPS tried and executed thousands suspected of treason and a new revolutionary culture was imposed
What was the consequence of the duke of Aiguillon's speech on the night of August 4, 1789?
The privileges of the nobility were abolished along with tithes paid to the church. (629)
Fall of the monarchy is known as
The second revolution