AP Euro Chapter 27

Why did Joseph Stalin defeat Leon Trotsky in the struggle for power following the death of Lenin?

As general secretary of the Communist Party, Stalin was more effective at building friends and allies by handing out jobs and promises

Britain adopted a policy of appeasement in its relationship with Hitler for all of the following reasons except

British conservative leaders underestimated Hitler.

Why did Stalin call for the liquidation of the kulaks?

He believed that as landowners they would eventually embrace conservative capitalism and become great enemies of socialist progress.

In the late 1920s, how did Adolf Hitler shape the Nazi Party's message to appeal to middle-class voters

He deemphasized the anticapitalist elements of National Socialism and vowed to fight communism.

How did Mussolini build support from big business in Italy?

He left big business to regulate itself and never purged it member

Which of the following best characterizes the "new fascist man" that Mussolini promoted?

He was to be a virile, patriotic warrior

Why did Hitler have the leadership of the S.A. storm troopers, roughly one thousand individuals, killed in 1934?

Hitler wanted to win the support of the traditional military, but the S.A. leaders had expected appointment to top positions in the army.

What was the "Europe First" policy adopted by the Allied Powers during the World War II?

Hitler would be defeated before the Allies mounted an all-out assault on Japan.

What was the purpose of the Enabling Act in 1933?

It gave Hitler dictatorial powers for four years

Lenin's New Economic Policy was a political compromise with the

Russian peasants

According to Hitler's New Order, the European race that was considered subhuman, like the Jews, was the

Slavic Race

Why did the Soviet army stop its advance on Warsaw in August 1944?

So that supplies and troops could be shift to the Asian theater of operations to counter recent Japanese gains

The decisive turning point in the clash between the Soviet Union and Germany came at the Battle of

Stalingrad

How did the Nazi Party seek to promote the idea of the Volksgemeinschaft?

The Nazis created mass organizations such as the Hitler Youth and held mass rallies to spread Nazi ideology and enlist volunteers.

In the Lateran Agreement, how did Mussolini resolve the status of the Catholic Church in Italy?

The Vatican was recognized as an independent state that received heavy support from the Italian state.

How did the fascist vision of society differ from the communist vision of society?

The fascist vision emphasized a community rooted in the bonds of nationalism, while the communist vision emphasized a society rooted in its classlessness.

Where did Nazi administrators initially gain experience in mass murder?

The murder of Germans with physical and mental disabilities prior to the war

How did the Nazis manage the Northern European states that they conquered?

They established puppet governments with collaborators willing to rule the states in accord with German needs

How did the Nazis seek to give legitimacy to their racial policies?

They established research institutes and academies that measured and defined racial differences in order to present prejudice in the guise of enlightened science.

What were the duties of the Einsatzgruppen (Special Action Units)?

They followed the German army into Central Europe, systematically murdering undesirables as they moved from town to town.

How did real wages for workers and peasants in the Soviet Union in 1937 compare with those in the Russian Empire in 1913?

They were lower

What problem was faced by most of the underground resistance groups who opposed the Nazis?

They were not well unified, for they had differing political goals.

For what goal did the Soviet government under Stalin aggressively intervene in all aspects of life?

To create a society without classes for social leveling

What was the Nazi Party policy of "coordination"?

To force German society to conform to National Socialist ideology

What was Germany's goal in the Battle of Britain?

To gain air supremacy in anticipation of an invasion of Great Britain

What was the primary goal of the opponents of the Nazis in the Protestant and Catholic churches?

To preserve religious life in Germany

Stalin's theory of socialism in one country

argued that the Soviet Union could build socialism on its own.

In Stalin's Soviet Union, women

could enter the ranks of specialists in industry and science.

In the early 1930s, German chancellor Brüning tried to cope with the Great Depression by

cutting government spending and squeezing wages and prices.

The new elite class in the Stalinist state included all of the following except

highly regarded artists (idk the answer to this one but I think this is right)

The parliamentary government in Italy was breaking down at the time of the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922, largely because

of the violence perpetrated by Mussolini's own black-shirted militants.

All of the following are examples of practices and attitudes adopted by governments during the total war of World War I that were later adopted by the totalitarian regimes except

the ideal of individual rights was eroded.

Britain and France finally confronted Hitler with the threat of war when he

used the pretext of German minorities in Danzig to threaten Poland.