AP Euro Chapter 28 / Section 4.3

After the war, why did national governments quickly establish authority over questions of guilt and punishment for those who had collaborated with the Nazi regime?

"denazification" procedures meant to eradicate National Socialist ideology from social and political institutions and identify and punish former Nazi Party members responsible for the worst crimes.

How was the Tet Offensive, launched by the Vietcong in January 1968, perceived in the United States?

As a sign that the war was not close to ending

What did the Marshall plan accomplish?

It prevented economic collapse in Western Europe.

In the 1960s and 1970s, what was the purpose of Eastern European economic policies such as Hungary's New Economic Mechanism and East Germany's New Economic System?

To introduce some economic liberalization and encourage the production of consumer products.

What did the leaders of the Prague Spring hope to accomplish in Czechoslovakia?

To reconcile socialism with internal party democracy, in which local decision by trade unions, managers, and consumers would replace rigid bureaucratic planning.

What did Richard Nixon do following his election to the U.S. presidency in 1968?

he gradually reduced American involvement in the Vietnam War

What did the West German minister of the economy do in 1957 to foster economic growth?

he signed the Treaty of Rome, which created the Common Market.

Why did Charles de Gaulle withdraw France from NATO?

he viewed the US as the main threat to genuine French (and European) independence

what led to the formation of the European coal and steel community in 1951

international organization to control that integrated all European coal and steel production.

How can the Suez Canal incident can be considered the death knell for imperialism?

it showed that European powers could no longer maintain their global empires.

why did Alexsandr Solzhneitsyn's One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich create such a sensation when it was published in 1962?

the novel's detailed portrayal of life in a Stalinist concentration camp.

What does neocolonialism refer to?

the postcolonial system that perpetuates Western economic exploitation in former colonial territories

When did Jews in Palestine proclaimed the state of Israel?

1948.

What was the policy of détente that Social Democrats in Europe pursued?

A progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions

What was the outcome of decolonization of the Belgium Congo?

Belgium's quick withdrawal that granted independence to Congo with irresponsible haste.

Why did the Council of Europe fail to evolve into a European parliament with sovereign rights?

Britain, with its still-vast empire and its close relationship with the US, consistently opposed conceding sovereignty to the council. Many prominent nationalists and Communists agreed with this view.

What did the second Vatican council accomplish?

It allowed for use of the vernacular (the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region) in the Catholic liturgy (a form or formulary according to which public religious worship, especially Christian worship, is conducted.), declared scripture to be the foundation of the Church and that although the Catholic Church was the one true Church, other Christian groups who shared a belief in Christ were to be respected.

What was the effect of the invention of the birth control pill?

It gave people more freedom in sexual behavior.

Who was the only Communist leader able to successfully resist Soviet domination?

Josip Broz Tito, the Communist chief of Yugoslavia.

What was the significance of the Berlin wall??

Khrushchev's attempt to tighten border controls against non-communists.

Which six Western European countries formed the European Economic Community, a.k.a., Common Market in 1957?

Luxembourg, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France.

What did the Helsinki Accords of 1975 call for?

Respect for human rights and the recognition of existing political boundaries

What did the Truman Doctrine say?

The US will provide political, military, & economic aid to all democratic nations who are threatened by external or internal forces (Commies)

What did the New Left advocate?

The establishment of socialism with a human face that would avoid the worst excesses of capitalism or Soviet-style communism.

What was the ultimate goal in creating an international organization to coordinate coal and steel production in Europe in the 1950s?

The first goal of the treaty was a gradual reduction of all tariffs among the six in order to create a single market almost as large as that of the US. Other goals included the free movement of capital and labor and common economic policies and institutions.

At the time of the Yalta conference in 1945 why was the position of the soviet union much stronger in negotiations with the United States and Great Britain?

The soviet union occupied much of Eastern Europe

How did the US respond to the decolonization movement in the first years after the Second World War?

They encouraged the Europeans to let go of their former colonies

how did the soviet union's treatment of Czechoslovakia in 1948 demonstrate its intention to consolidate its hold on Eastern Europe?

by Stalin overthrowing the government and establishing a one-party communist dictatorship despite the Czech communist party winning electoral support.

How did the East German government responded to the nationwide demonstrations against poor wages and working conditions in 1953?

by calling in Soviet troops and tanks which resulted in the deaths of at least fifty-five protesters and the arrest of five thousand others.

how did the soviet union organize the eastern European nations as it threw out pro-Nazi regimes

by creating coalition governments of political parties while still reserving the pro key government posts for Russian communists.

How did Mao Zedong gain the support of the peasantry in China?

by promising to expropriate the holdings of the big landowners.

How Leonid Brezhnev seek to counter the rule of Nikita Khrushchev?

by quietly starting the conversation about Stalin's "good points" and downplaying his crimes among his supporters.

Why was the decolonization process in Algeria was so difficult?

difficulty stemmed from the presence of the Pieds-Noirs, the 1.2 million white settlers who had taken permanent residency in the Congo by 1950.

How did Big Science foster the Green Revolution?

directed agricultural research greatly increased the world's food supplies.

what did Nikita Khrushchev de-Stalinization campaign call for?

liberalization of the post-Stalin Soviet Union.

What was the consequence of FDR's agreement with Stalin at the Teheran Conference that the British & American armies would launch a frontal assault on France?

the agreement on a British-US invasion of France also ensured that the American-British and Soviet armies would come together in defeated Germany along a north-south line, and that the Soviet troops would play the predominant role in pushing the Germans out of eastern and central Europe.

what was socialist realism?

the artistic movement that followed the dictates of Communist ideals, enforced by state control in the Soviet Union and East Bloc countries in the 1950s and 1960s.

Why was West Germany allowed to build an army after 1955?

they joined NATO in 1955 and were allowed to rebuild its military to join in defense of Western Europe against possible Soviet attack.

How did the Soviet Union and Eastern European Communist regimes treat displaced persons returning home after the war?

they were considered politically unreliable due to their exposure to western European society