AP Gov chapter 3

3. In our federal system, the powers of the state governments are ultimately granted by a. their state's Supreme Court. b. the people of their state. c. their state legislature. d. the United States Constitution. e. the United States government

D. The United states constitution

48. Which of the following is a way that federalism contributes to democracy? a. By decentralizing the political system, federalism creates more opportunities for political participation. b. By centralizing the political system, federalism protects the political system from the whims of the masses. c. By decreasing the number of units of government, federalism reduces citizen access to government and public policy. d. By ensuring that all states provide the same levels of services to their citizens, federalism ensures equality in a democracy. e. None of these is a way that federalism contributes to democracy.

a. by decentralizing the political system, federalism creates more opportunities for political participation

38. The principal type of federal aid for states and localities is a. categorical grants. b. disaster loans. c. revenue sharing. d. block grants. e. urban renewal grants.

a. categorical grants

42. Withholding federal funds from states that do not raise the legal drinking age to 21 is an example of a(n) a. crossover sanction. b. unfunded mandate. c. project grant. d. formula grant. e. crosscutting requirement.

a. crossover sanction

44. The transferring of responsibility for policies from the federal government to the states is a. devolution. b. evolution. c. intergovernmental relations. d. pluralism. e. fiscal federalism.

a. devolution

32. The national government has exclusive control over foreign and military policy, the postal system, and monetary policy, while the states have exclusive control over other specific areas. This division of responsibilities reflects a. dual federalism. b. divided government. c. tripartite federalism. d. cooperative federalism. e. fiscal federalism.

a. dual federalism

7. The Constitution states that Congress has the power to establish post offices. This is an example of a. enumerated powers. b. delegated powers. c. implied powers. d. reserved powers. e. shared powers.

a. enumerated powers

17. Which of the following is one way that federalism may have a negative effect on democracy? a. Federalism may increase inequities between and among states. b. Federalism tends to increase conflict at the national level. c. Federalism tends to decrease opportunities for citizens to participate in government. d. Federalism may encourage electoral dissent. e. None of these is an example of how federalism may have a negative effect on democracy.

a. federalism may increase inequities between and among states

40. Grants for specific programs distributed according to community demographic factors, such as population or income, are a. formula grants. b. categorical grants. c. revenue-sharing grants. d. project grants. e. block grants.

a. formula grants

37. The main instrument the national government uses to influence state governments is a. grants-in-aid. b. mandates. c. judicial review. d. the Tenth Amendment. e. presidential decrees.

a. grants-in aid

43. Over the past generation, the percentage of federal grants devoted to _____ has increased substantially. a. health care b. income security c. education and training d. transportation e. defense

a. health care

23. Federal policies to regulate food and drugs, build interstate highways, protect consumers, try to clean up dirty air and water, and do many other things are all justified as ________ of Congress. a. implied powers b. categorical grants c. constitutionally specified powers d. reserved powers e. enumerated powers

a. implied powers

30. The Defense of Marriage Act a. permits states to disregard same-sex marriages or civil unions of same-sex partners issued in other states. b. prohibits states from issuing same-sex marriages or civil unions to same-sex partners. c. requires states to issue same-sex marriages and civil unions to same-sex partners. d. requires states to recognize same-sex marriage or civil unions issued in other states for same-sex partners. e. requires states to provide the same rights to same-sex couples that they provide to

a. permits states to disregard same sex marraiges or civil unions of same sex partners issued in other states

47. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 is an example of a. policy constructed under conditions of cooperative federalism. b. dual federalism in action. c. policy devolution. d. a categorical grant e. a block grant.

a. policy constructed under conditions of cooperative federalism

22. The enumerated powers of Congress and the national government are those a. specifically spelled out in the Constitution. b. set out in the first ten amendments. c. involving taxes, spending, and fiscal policy. d. not specifically spelled out in the Constitution, but nonetheless acknowledged. e. requiring ratification by the states.

a. specifically spelled out in the constitution

51. Which of the following is true of changes in the scope of government under federalism? a. State governments carry out virtually all of the functions they always have, while the national government has taken on new functions. b. The national government has taken away nearly all of the functions of the states. c. The national government has taken about one-half of the functions of state government. d. There has been a sharp decline in the proportion of gross national product spent by states and localities. e. State policy functions have been fully assumed by the national government.

a. state governments carry out virtually all of the functions they always have, while the national government has taken away on new functions

5. The Tenth Amendment is sometimes referred to as the _____________amendment. a. states' rights b. implied powers c. delegated powers d. necessary and proper e. Prohibition

a. states rights amendment

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE when it comes to types of governments? a. The American states have unitary governments. b. Federalism is the typical way nations organize their governments. c. Great Britain has a federal system. d. Most European countries are confederations. e. None of the above is true.

a. the american states have unitary governments

2. All of the following areas provide examples of how federalism decentralizes our policies EXCEPT a. the federal income tax. b. the regulation of abortion. c. the death penalty. d. the funding of education. e. environmental protection

a. the federal income tax

33. Cooperative federalism refers to a system in which a. the national government and the state governments share powers and policy assignments. b. the national government and the state governments have clearly defined, distinct powers and policy assignments. c. the national government reigns supreme over the state governments. d. the state governments reign supreme over the national government. e. None of the above is true.

a. the national government and the state governments share powers and policy assignments

13. Fiscal federalism is a. the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system. b. the distinct separation of national government spending versus state and local government spending. c. the federal government's regulation of the money supply and interest rates. d. the federal income tax. e. a sharing of local and national resources practiced in other countries but not in the United States.

a. the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system

19. The McCulloch v. Maryland case dealt with what specific grievance? a. A state taxing a national bank b. Toll bridges on interstate roads c. The location of Maryland's capital city d. A state coining its own money e. Import taxes on goods made in other states

a. the state taxing a national bank

14. On the whole, federal grant distribution follows the principle of a. universalism. b. stinginess. c. cronyism. d. to the victors go the spoils. e. needs testing.

a. unversalism

4. A unitary government is a. the type of government found in the United States. b. a government in which all power resides in a central government. c. a government in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments. d. a government in which power resides in regional or state governments. e. the least common form of national government across the globe.

b. a government in which all power resides in a central government

10. Funding for the interstate highway system is an example of a. dual federalism. b. cooperative federalism. c. tripartite federalism. d. a unitary system of government. e. national federalism.

b. cooperative federalism

8. A marriage license issued in one state is valid and honored in all states under the constitutional provision of a. separation of powers. b. full faith and credit. c. national supremacy. d. national licensure. e. privileges and immunities.

b. full faith and credit clause

12. Powers of the federal government that are not explicitly listed but instead are inferred from the necessary and proper clause are called ____ powers. a. enumerated b. implied c. inherent d. dominant e. federalist

b. implied

8. Which of the following is often seen as a benefit of federalism, according to your textbook? a. It encourages hyperpluralism. b. It allows states to function as laboratories of democracy, or policy innovators. c. It creates conflict between national and state governments. d. It creates more opportunities for interest groups to wield influence. e. Both a and d are often seen as benefits of federalism.

b. it allows states to function as laboratories of democracy or policy innovators

17. Only the national government is allowed to a. levy taxes. b. regulate commerce with foreign nations. c. take private property for public purposes. d. make and enforce laws. e. Only the national government is allowed to do all of these.

b. regulate commerce with foreign nations

25. Enumerated powers are those that are a. reserved for the states. b. stated in the Constitution. c. implied in the Constitution. d. involving money matters. e. granted specifically to the president.

b. stated in the constitution

21. The Supreme Court case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) a. established Baltimore as the capital of Maryland. b. stated that the Constitution gave Congress implied powers. c. established the principle of judicial review. d. established the supremacy of state governments. e. recognized that Congress was limited to its enumerated powers

b. stated that the constitution gave congress implied powers

16. In the Constitution, the powers to coin money, to enter into treaties, and to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states were given to a. neither the individual states nor the national government. b. the national government. c. the individual states. d. the Senate only. e. both the individual states and the national government.

b. the national government

16. Which of the following is TRUE of fiscal federalism? a. The proportion of the gross domestic product spent by state and local governments has grown more rapidly than the proportion of the GDP spent by the national government b. The proportion of the gross domestic product spent by state and local government has grown less rapidly than the proportion of the GDP spent by the national government. c. States and localities spent 7.4 percent of our GDP in 1929; today they spend even less. d. Block grants are the main source of federal aid to state and local governments. e. Unlike the federal government, federal courts do not have the ability to impose mandates on state governments

b. the proportion of the gross domestic product spent by state and local government has grown less rapidly than the proportion of the gdp spent by the national government

3. Which of the following is an example of a confederation? a. State governments in the United States b. The United Nations c. OPEC d. Britain e. France

b. the united states

36. Devolution refers to a. transferring responsibility for policies from the state governments to the national government. b. transferring responsibility for policies from the national government to state governments. c. returning to the politics of nineteenth-century federalism. d. unwinding federalism and moving toward a unitary system. e. a movement among liberal activist judges to expand Congress' interstate commerce power.

b. transferring responsibility for policies from the national government to state governments

50. In 1929, the federal government spent an amount equal to _____ of the size of the economy, the gross domestic product (GDP); today, the national government spends _____ of our GDP. a. 2 percent; 5 percent b. 2.5 percent; 21 percent c. 21 percent; 2.5 percent d. 25 percent; 50 percent e. 50 percent; 25 percent

c. 21 percent, 2.5 percent

39. The most common type of categorical grant is a. A block grant. b. a rescission fund. c. A project grant. d. disaster relief. e. revenue sharing.

c. a project grant

34. Federal support for public education is an example of a a. pragmatic federalism. b. dual federalism. c. cooperative federalism. d. layer cake federalism. e. separation of powers.

c. cooperative federalism

35. Standard operating procedures in cooperative federalism include each of the following EXCEPT a. shared administration. b. shared costs. c. federal funding with no strings attached. d. federal guidelines. e. categorical and block grants.

c. federal funding with no strings attached

13. The landmark case in which the Supreme Court interpreted Article I, Section 8 such that Congress was given the power to regulate interstate commerce in a way that encompasses virtually all forms of commercial activity was a. McCulloch v. Maryland. b. U.S. v Lopez. c. Gibbons v. Odgen. d. Mack v. United States. e. Printz v. United States.

c. gibbons v ogden

11. The Constitution's supremacy clause a. does not apply to state and local matters. b. gives the states superiority over the national government's Constitution and laws. c. made the Constitution, the laws of the national government, and the national government's treaties the supreme law of the land. d. is vague about which level of government should prevail in a dispute involving federalism. e. makes the president supreme in any constitutional conflicts with the other two branches.

c. made the constitution, the laws of the national government, and the national governments treaties the supreme law of the land

7. The fact that the legal drinking age is 21 across the 50 United States is a good example of a. the weakness of the states compared to the federal government. b. the tendency for the federal government to ignore state police powers. c. the influence the national government can wield over state governments through the withholding of federal funds, despite state police powers. d. the ability of the federal government to get around limitations on its power as set forth in the Tenth Amendment. e. centralized public policy making.

c. the influence the national government can wield over state governments through the withholding of federal funds despite state police powers

46. When Congress passes a law creating financial obligations for the states but provides no funds for states to meet those obligations, it is called a(n) a. crossover sanction. b. crosscutting requirement. c. unfunded mandate. d. categorical grant. e. block grant.

c. unfunded mandate

29. The Supreme Court case of Printz v. United States a. enhanced the powers of Congress by expanding its interpretation of commerce. b. denied Congress the power of regulating guns in school zones. c. voided the congressional mandate in the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act requiring local community officials to conduct background checks on prospective gun purchasers. d. affirmed the provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. e. None of the above is true.

c. voided the congressional mandate in the brady hangun violence prevention act requiring local community officials to conduct background checks on prospective gun purchasers

18. In the events leading up to McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), what was the main criticism of the national bank created by the United States government? a. It was printing too much worthless paper money that debtors were using to pay off their debts. b. It was charging exorbitant interest rates on its loans. c. It was borrowing too much money, putting the United States government hopelessly in debt. d. It was an instrument of the elite and gave the national government too much control of the economy. e. It did not efficiently distribute money to the states.

d. It was an instrument of the elite and gave the national government too much control of the economy

10. Which of the following was NOT among the reasons the Framers adopted a federal system when they wrote the Constitution? a. The confederation had clearly failed in managing the country's problems. b. The population was too dispersed for a unitary system to work. c. Americans' loyalty to state governments was stronger than it was to the United States. d. America had always had a federal system, and it would have been too radical and disruptive a change to adopt another system. e. The country's transportation and communication systems were too primitive for a unitary government to work.

d. america had always had a federal system and it would have been too radical and disruptive to adopt another system

28. The Court's decision in United States v. Morrison (2000) was significant because it a. limited Congress' use of its interstate commerce powers. b. ruled that Congress did not have the power to enact the 1994 Violence Against Women Act. c. established a firm set of guidelines for applying Congress' commerce powers. d. Both a and b are true. e. Both a and c are true.

d. both a and b are true

9. Over time, there has been a gradual change from a dual federalism to a(n) ________ federalism. a. unitary b. single c. tripartite d. cooperative e. fiscal

d. cooperative

24. The Constitution's provision that Congress has the right to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" its powers is often referred to as the a. enumerated powers. b. heart of fiscal federalism. c. Unwritten Amendment. d. elastic clause. e. privileges and immunities.

d. elastic clause

11. The set of interactions among national, state, and local governments is called a. pluralism. b. bicameralism. c. hyperpluralism. d. intergovernmental relations. e. international relations.

d. intergovernmental relations

20. The principle of the supremacy of federal law over state law was affirmed in a. Marbury v. Madison. b. the Tenth Amendment. c. United States v. Darby. d. McCulloch v. Maryland. e. the presidential election of 1804.

d. mcculloch v maryland

1. Which of the following is NOT true when it comes to federalism? a. Few countries have federal systems. b. Most federal systems are democracies. c. Authoritarian regimes generally do not use federalist systems. d. No unitary governments are democratic. e. Only some democracies use federal systems.

d. no unitary governments are democratic

6. The Constitution grants the power to directly regulate such things as drinking ages, marriage and divorce, and sexual behavior to a. all governments by the Bill of Rights. b. the national government. c. the president. d. state governments. e. both the state and national governments.

d. state governments

5. According to the ______ of Article IV of the U.S. Constitution, the Constitution, the laws of the national government, and treaties constitute the supreme law of the land. a. implied powers clause b. elastic clause c. necessary and proper clause d. supremacy clause e. Tenth Amendment

d. the supremacy clause

27. In U.S. v. Lopez (1995), the Supreme Court held that the Gun Free School Zone Act was a(n) a. constitutional extension of Congress' interstate commerce power. b. constitutional and implied power of Congress. c. constitutional under Congress' commerce power due to the economic impact of gun possession. d. unconstitutional because it exceeded Congress' constitutional authority to regulate commerce. e. unconstitutional because it violated the Second Amendment's guarantee to bear arms.

d. unconstitutional because it exceeded congress' constitutional authority to regulate commerce

49. Recent Census Bureau estimates report that there are approximately ______ American governments. a. 51 b. 1,000 c. 5,000 d. 15,000 e. 90,000

e. 90,000

6. In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), Chief Justice Marshall argued that a. in cases of conflict between national and state law, the national law was supreme as long as national law was in accordance with the Constitution. b. the national government has implied powers that go beyond those explicitly enumerated in Article I, Section 8. c. Congress' enumerated power to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes implied the right of Congress to do whatever was necessary and proper for carrying out these powers, including the power to create a bank. d. Maryland could not tax the national bank. e. All of the above were argued by Marshall

e. All of the above were argued by Marshall

12. Since the mid-1990s, Republicans in Congress have taken a pragmatic approach to federalism evidenced by a. efforts to restrict state power while turning to the federal government in policy areas such as environmental regulation, immigration, and health. b. legislation removing class action lawsuits from state courts. c. passage of the No Child Left Behind Act. d. extending federal criminal penalties. e. All of these are evidence of Republicans' pragmatic approach.

e. All of these are evidence of republicans pragmatic approach

31. Which of the following is TRUE of intergovernmental relations in the United States over the past two centuries? a. There has been a gradual shift from dual federalism to cooperative federalism. b. There is a greater sharing of powers between the national and state governments. c. There has been an increase in federal grants-in-aid to the states and localities from the national government. d. Intergovernmental relations are increasingly characterized by fiscal federalism. e. All of these are true of intergovernmental relations in the United States over the past two centuries.

e. all of these are true of intergovernmental relations in the united states over the past two centuries

14. Which of the following is TRUE of the Constitution? a. It created obligations of the national government toward the state, including the obligation to protect states from invasion. b. It established states as vital components of the machinery of government. c. It guaranteed states equal representation in the Senate. d. It guaranteed the continuation of each state by forbidding Congress to create new states by dividing existing states without the approval of the existing state. e. All of these are true of the Constitution.

e. all of these are true of the constitution

45. Which of the following helps explain the failed government response to Hurricane Katrina? a. State and local officials assumed Washington would provide rapid and substantial aid, but leaders in Louisiana and New Orleans were not always sure what they needed. b. Open-ended pleas for help from state and local officials were hard for federal officials to interpret. c. Fractured division of responsibility meant that no one person or agency was in charge. d. The governor was reluctant to "federalize" the Louisiana National Guard because she feared losing authority over it and lacked confidence in the national government. e. All of these help explain the failed government response to Hurricane Katrina.

e. all of these help explain the failed government response to hurricane katrina

41. Grants that are given more or less automatically to states or communities, which have discretion in deciding how to spend the money, are called a. project grants. b. discretionary grants. c. formula grants. d. categorical grants. e. block grants.

e. block grants

26. In determining the power of Congress to regulate commerce in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court a. prohibited Congress from regulating business activity on the grounds it violated private property rights. b. listed the implied powers of Congress and the national government. c. defined commerce very narrowly in considering the right of Congress to regulate it. d. listed the enumerated powers of Congress and the national government. e. defined commerce very broadly, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity.

e. defined commerce very broadly, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity

15. According to Democracy in America, the rapid growth of the national government is largely due to the fact that a. the diversity of interests within and among the states requires a national focus. b. states are constitutionally prohibited from maintaining independent defense forces and policies. c. the states have failed to adequately represent their interests. d. the Constitution requires that most programs be administered by the national government. e. most problems and policies require the authority and resources of the national government.

e. most problems and policies require the authority and resources of the national government

15. The Tenth Amendment a. declares that the national government is superior to the states in every concern. b. establishes the Constitution, laws of the national government, and treaties as the supreme law of the land. c. establishes the Supreme Court as the final arbiter in all civil and criminal disputes. d. establishes the number of electoral votes each state can cast in the Electoral College. e. states that powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by the states, are reserved for the states.

e. states that powers not delegated to the united states by the constitution, nor prohibited by the states, are reserved for the states.

Almost every policy the national government has adopted has originated with a. the Senate. b. the states. c. the House of Representatives. d. the Supreme Court. e. the president.

the states