ap gov test

Which of the following reflects the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade (1973) ? A. It ruled that the state had an overarching right to prohibit women of all ages from having abortions anytime during their pregnancies. B. It ruled that the state had a justifiable interest to legalize abortion. C. It ruled that a woman's right to an abortion was a privacy right incorporated to all of the states. D. It ruled that the case was moot, as Roe's pregnancy had ended by the time the case came up for review.

C. It ruled that a woman's right to an abortion was a privacy right incorporated to all of the states.

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court ruling limited state action in segregating public school students based on their race, stating "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." The Court pointed to which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution to achieve this ruling? A. The First Amendment B. The Fifth Amendment C. The Thirteenth Amendment D. The Fourteenth Amendment

D. The Fourteenth Amendment

The facts of which of the following cases are most related to the political cartoon? A. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) B. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) C. Schenck v. United States (1919) D. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

A. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

Which of the following is protected by the First Amendment? A. Political speech B. Eminent domain C. Obscenity D. Gun ownership

A. Political speech

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment? A. A reporter knowingly publishes a false story that injures the subject's reputation. B. A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war. C. An individual issues a threat against another individual on social media. D. An individual spray paints graffiti on a public building to protest a government action

B. A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.

Which of the following scenarios, related to the First Amendment, best illustrates the "right . . . to petition the Government . . ." ? A. A newspaper prints an editorial supporting executive action by the president. B. A student sues a public school that institutes a mandatory prayer ceremony. C. A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill. D. A religious group practices a religious ritual that is in conflict with a local law.

C. A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill.

Which of the following constitutional clauses was most relevant in the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade (1973) ? A. Commerce clause B. Free exercise clause C. Due process clause D. Equal protection clause

C. Due process clause

The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause declares that "No State shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." In which of the following scenarios is this clause most likely to be used by the Supreme Court in its decision? A. A state law levies a tax on a bank established by the federal government. B. Congress uses the commerce clause to establish a gun-free school zone. C. A media company is prevented from publishing a classified document. D. A local school district mandates racially segregated schools.

D. A local school district mandates racially segregated schools.

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that "the doctrine of separate but equal has no place" in the Constitution? A. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) B. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) C. Engel v. Vitale (1962) D. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

D. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

During an investigation, police officers find illegal drugs while searching a home for which they did not acquire a warrant. Which of the following would prevent the drugs from being used as evidence at trial? A. The writ of habeas corpus B. The exclusionary rule C. The Miranda warning D. The protection against ex post facto

B. The exclusionary rule

Which of the following attributes of the political cartoon would best represent the government's use of prior restraint? A. The steps of the building B. The fallen pillars C. The word "democracy" written on the building D. The standing pillars

B. The fallen pillars

Which of the following constitutional clauses was most relevant in the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade (1973) ? A. Commerce Clause B. Free Exercise Clause C. Due Process Clause D. Equal Protection Clause

C. Due Process Clause

Which of the following headlines is most relevant to the political cartoon? A. Nixon Administration Goes to Court to Stop Pentagon Papers Release B. Supreme Court Rules High School Students May Silently Protest Vietnam War C. Supreme Court Hears Flag Burning Case D. War Protestor Presented "Clear and Present Danger" Says Court

A. Nixon Administration Goes to Court to Stop Pentagon Papers Release

Which of the following illustrates a situation that would not be protected by the First Amendment due to time, place, and manner restrictions? A. A student is expelled from school for wearing a black T-shirt expressing opposition to a law recently passed by the state legislature. B. An organization regarded as a hate group is not able to obtain a permit to march through a major city because of its message. C. Antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City's Times Square during rush hour. D. An independent political advocacy organization is prevented by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from running political advertisements on television.

C. Antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City's Times Square during rush hour.

It ought to be possible, in short, for every American to enjoy the privileges of being American without regard to his race or his color. In short, every American ought to have the right to be treated as he would wish to be treated, as one would wish his children to be treated. But this is not the case. The Negro baby born in America today, regardless of the section of the Nation in which he is born, has about one-half as much chance of completing a high school as a white baby born in the same place on the same day, one-third as much chance of completing college, one-third as much chance of becoming a professional man, twice as much chance of becoming unemployed, about one-seventh as much chance of earning $10,000 a year, a life expectancy which is 7 years shorter, and the prospects of earning only half as much. This is not a sectional issue. Difficulties over segregation and discrimination exist in every city, in every State of the Union, producing in many cities a rising tide of discontent that threatens the public safety. Nor is this a partisan issue. In a time of domestic crisis men of good will and generosity should be able to unite regardless of party or politics. The issues identified in the passage reflect a failure to uphold which of the following constitutional principles? A. One person, one vote B. Equal representation in Congress C. States' rights D. Equal protection

D. Equal protection

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court stated that the plaintiffs "seek the aid of the courts in obtaining admission to the public schools of their community on a non-segregated basis. In each instance, they had been denied admission to schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to race." The Supreme Court ruled "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Which of the following provisions of the United States Constitution did the Supreme Court use to strike down racial segregation in state public schools? A. The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment B. The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment C. The equal protection clause of the Fifth Amendment D. The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

D. The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

The Supreme Court ruled in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) that a citizen's right to keep and bear arms at home for self-defense is protected from state and federal infringement. Which of the following is most relevant to that decision? A. Full faith and credit B. Selective incorporation C. Equal protection D. Eminent domain

B. Selective incorporation

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the First Amendment? A. A student wears a T-shirt to public school portraying an illegal substance. B. A person legally purchases a firearm for the purpose of self-defense. C.A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work. D. A state mandates the reading of a prayer at the beginning of the school day.

C.A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work.

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the First Amendment? A. A student wears a T-shirt to public school portraying an illegal substance. B. A person legally purchases a firearm for the purpose of self-defense. C. A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work. D. A state mandates the reading of a prayer at the beginning of the school day.

C. A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work.

Which of the following scenarios best explains how the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has influenced political behavior? A. Grassroots libertarian advocacy organizations have advocated in favor of less economic regulation of the marketplace. B. The Supreme Court has ruled that Fifth Amendment prohibition on double jeopardy was made applicable to the states. C. Civil Rights leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr., cited constitutional arguments as a basis for opposing segregation and inequality. D. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's State of the Union address urged Congress to pass legislation that would ensure greater economic security for the American people.

C. Civil Rights leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr., cited constitutional arguments as a basis for opposing segregation and inequality.

"The original understanding of the Second Amendment was neither an individual right to self-defense nor a collective right of the states, but rather a civic right that guaranteed that citizens would be able to keep and bear those arms needed to meet their legal obligation to participate in a well-regulated militia. Nothing better captured this constitutional ideal than the minuteman. Citizens had a legal obligation to outfit themselves with a musket at their own expense and were expected to turn out at a minute's notice to defend their community, state, and eventually their nation. Although each side in the modern debate claims to be faithful to the historical Second Amendment, a restoration of its original meaning, re-creating the world of the minuteman, would be a nightmare that neither side would welcome. It would certainly involve more intrusive gun regulation, not less. . . . Gun control advocates might blanch at the notion that all Americans would be required to receive firearms training and would certainly look askance at the idea of requiring all able-bodied citizens to purchase their own military-style assault weapons." Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the article? A. Engel v. Vitale (1962) B. Baker v. Carr (1962) C. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) D. McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

D. McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

A public school district implemented a policy that allowed students to vote on whether they wanted a student-led prayer to be read at football games. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate? A. The interstate commerce clause B. The free exercise clause C. The supremacy clause D. The establishment clause

D. The establishment clause

Which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth grade even if it violated the students' sincerely held religious beliefs? A. United States v. Lopez (1995) B. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) C. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) D. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

D. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Which of the following cases examined a state law that required all children to attend school through the twelfth grade in order to promote the general welfare of its citizens? A. Engel v. Vitale (1962) B. Marbury v. Madison (1803) C. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (1969) D. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

D. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

"The original understanding of the Second Amendment was neither an individual right to self-defense nor a collective right of the states, but rather a civic right that guaranteed that citizens would be able to keep and bear those arms needed to meet their legal obligation to participate in a well-regulated militia. Nothing better captured this constitutional ideal than the minuteman. Citizens had a legal obligation to outfit themselves with a musket at their own expense and were expected to turn out at a minute's notice to defend their community, state, and eventually their nation. Although each side in the modern debate claims to be faithful to the historical Second Amendment, a restoration of its original meaning, re-creating the world of the minuteman, would be a nightmare that neither side would welcome. It would certainly involve more intrusive gun regulation, not less. . . . Gun control advocates might blanch at the notion that all Americans would be required to receive firearms training and would certainly look askance at the idea of requiring all able-bodied citizens to purchase their own military-style assault weapons." Which of the following could be used as evidence to support the author's claim? A. At the time the Constitution was written, laws in the states required able-bodied individuals to serve in militias. B. The Constitution clearly states that the Second Amendment applies only to the federal government's ability to make gun laws. C. The United States today uses militias such as police forces to maintain domestic peace. D. The Constitution guarantees that all rights, including the Second Amendment, are incorporated to the states.

A. At the time the Constitution was written, laws in the states required able-bodied individuals to serve in militias.

It ought to be possible, in short, for every American to enjoy the privileges of being American without regard to his race or his color. In short, every American ought to have the right to be treated as he would wish to be treated, as one would wish his children to be treated. But this is not the case. The Negro baby born in America today, regardless of the section of the Nation in which he is born, has about one-half as much chance of completing a high school as a white baby born in the same place on the same day, one-third as much chance of completing college, one-third as much chance of becoming a professional man, twice as much chance of becoming unemployed, about one-seventh as much chance of earning $10,000 a year, a life expectancy which is 7 years shorter, and the prospects of earning only half as much. This is not a sectional issue. Difficulties over segregation and discrimination exist in every city, in every State of the Union, producing in many cities a rising tide of discontent that threatens the public safety. Nor is this a partisan issue. In a time of domestic crisis men of good will and generosity should be able to unite regardless of party or politics. Which of the following pieces of legislation was most likely a result of the passage? A. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 B. The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 C. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 D. Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972

A. The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Which of the following is an accurate statement related to the Supreme Court's ruling in Heller v. District of Columbia on the right to bear arms? A. The case relied on the application of the Fourteenth Amendment B. Gun-control activists have been outspoken in favor of the Court's ruling. C. The Court overturned a broad handgun ban to assure minority rights. D. The Court supported First Amendment rights in its ruling.

A. The case relied on the application of the Fourteenth Amendment

In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selective incorporation? A. When an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state B. When there is a conflict among the branches of the national government C. When a federal policy shifting oversight authority from a national agency to a state agency is challenged D. When a former employee files a wrongful termination claim against a company headquartered in another state

A. When an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Second and Eighth Amendments? A. Assures due process; Mandates equal protection B. Guarantees the right to bear arms; Protects individuals from cruel and unusual punishment C. Protected with District of Columbia v. Heller (2008); Assured in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) D. Upheld in schools with Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

B. Guarantees the right to bear arms; Protects individuals from cruel and unusual punishment

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling? A. It ruled that the state had an overarching right to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding such action permissible under the Tenth Amendment. B. It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation. C. It balanced the school's interest in providing for an open and peaceful frame of mind for the school day with the interest of the students in not being subjected to the prayer, ultimately ruling for the state. D. It rejected the student complaint, as public school students have no free exercise rights in school.

B. It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

In the majority opinion of a United States Supreme Court case, Justice Alito wrote, "we now turn directly to the question whether the...right to keep and bear arms is incorporated in the concept of due process. In answering that question, . . . we must decide whether the right to keep and bear arms is fundamental to our scheme of ordered liberty." Which Supreme Court case is most aligned with Justice Alito's reasoning to treat gun ownership for self-defense as a fundamental liberty? A. United States v. Lopez (1995) B. McDonald v. Chicago (2010) C. Baker v. Carr (1962) D. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

B. McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

After hours of interrogation by police a suspect confesses to multiple felony offenses. His attorney objected to the admission of the confession because he was not advised of his right to have an attorney present nor his protection from self-incrimination. Which amendments are most relevant to this scenarios? A. The Fourth and Fifth Amendments B. The Fifth and Sixth Amendments C. The Sixth and Eighth Amendments D. The Fourth and Eighth Amendments

B. The Fifth and Sixth Amendments

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated that, "[s]elf-defense is a basic right, recognized by many legal systems from ancient times to the present day" and that an individual's right to bear arms was "deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition." The quote points to which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution as a basis to limit state action? A. The First Amendment B. The Second Amendment C. The Third Amendment D. The Fourth Amendment

B. The Second Amendment

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated, "that the [Constitution] protects the right to possess a handgun in the home for the purpose of self-defense" and that the Second Amendment applied to the states through which of the following constitutional clauses? A. The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment B. The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment C. The equal protection clause of the Fifth Amendment D. The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

B. The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

"The original understanding of the Second Amendment was neither an individual right to self-defense nor a collective right of the states, but rather a civic right that guaranteed that citizens would be able to keep and bear those arms needed to meet their legal obligation to participate in a well-regulated militia. Nothing better captured this constitutional ideal than the minuteman. Citizens had a legal obligation to outfit themselves with a musket at their own expense and were expected to turn out at a minute's notice to defend their community, state, and eventually their nation. Although each side in the modern debate claims to be faithful to the historical Second Amendment, a restoration of its original meaning, re-creating the world of the minuteman, would be a nightmare that neither side would welcome. It would certainly involve more intrusive gun regulation, not less. . . . Gun control advocates might blanch at the notion that all Americans would be required to receive firearms training and would certainly look askance at the idea of requiring all able-bodied citizens to purchase their own military-style assault weapons." The author's main argument is that the Second Amendment A. did not extend privacy rights B. was added to the Constitution to ensure that militias would have arms C. should not be applied to states that do not have a militia D. protects an individual's right to own a gun for personal protection

B. was added to the Constitution to ensure that militias would have arms

Which of the following scenarios, related to the First Amendment, best illustrates the "right . . . to petition the Government . . ." ? A. A newspaper prints an editorial supporting executive action by the president. B. A student sues a public school that institutes a mandatory prayer ceremony. C. A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill. D. A religious group practices a religious ritual that is in conflict with a local law.

C. A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill.

It ought to be possible, in short, for every American to enjoy the privileges of being American without regard to his race or his color. In short, every American ought to have the right to be treated as he would wish to be treated, as one would wish his children to be treated. But this is not the case. The Negro baby born in America today, regardless of the section of the Nation in which he is born, has about one-half as much chance of completing a high school as a white baby born in the same place on the same day, one-third as much chance of completing college, one-third as much chance of becoming a professional man, twice as much chance of becoming unemployed, about one-seventh as much chance of earning $10,000 a year, a life expectancy which is 7 years shorter, and the prospects of earning only half as much. This is not a sectional issue. Difficulties over segregation and discrimination exist in every city, in every State of the Union, producing in many cities a rising tide of discontent that threatens the public safety. Nor is this a partisan issue. In a time of domestic crisis men of good will and generosity should be able to unite regardless of party or politics. Which of the following expresses the most significant political concern in the passage? A. Improved understanding of the flaws of the legal system B. Greater funding for education in urban areas C. Increased awareness of citizen inequalities that need to be addressed D. Decreased partisanship in congressional policy making

C. Increased awareness of citizen inequalities that need to be addressed

Which of the following Supreme Court cases establishes that a woman has a due process right to make a decision whether or not to have an abortion? A. United States v. Lopez (1995) B. McDonald v. Chicago (2010) C. Roe v. Wade (1973) D. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

C. Roe v. Wade (1973)

The Washington Post receives a top secret report that details how the executive branch mishandled a deal made with a foreign nation regarding nuclear weapons. The executive branch attempts to stop the publishing of the report, but the publishers cite the precedent in New York Times Company v. United States (1971) establishing which of the following legal rules? A. The application of strict scrutiny B. The exclusionary rule for evidence C. The heavy presumption against prior restraint D. Time, place, and manner restrictions

C. The heavy presumption against prior restraint