ap human geography ch9

1) Development refers to A) improvement in material conditions. B) value of the output of goods and services. C) value of a product compared to the needed labor. D) division of jobs into different sectors. E) changes in political institutions.

A

15) In more developed countries, employment is increasing in A) the primary sector. B) the secondary sector. C) the tertiary sector. D) all three sectors. E) A and B

C

19) ________ is an example of a secondary sector activity. A) Banking B) Farming C) Manufacturing D) Secondary education

C

2) The more developed regions include all but which of the following? A) North America B) Eastern Europe C) Middle East D) Western Europe E) South Pacific

C

24) Considering the different economic, social, and demographic indicators of development shows that A) a more developed country is likely to rank among the top ten in all major development indicators. B) a less developed country can see which indicators need improvement. C) different indicators of development are associated with each other. D) economic, social, and demographic characteristics do not in reality coincide with each other.

C

13) Compared to more developed countries, less developed countries have a higher percentage of workers in which sector of the economy? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) all three sectors E) B and C

A

22) Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of all but which of these educational characteristics? A) percentage of GDP spent on education B) literacy rate C) number of teachers per pupil D) number of years attending school E) spending per student

A

25) Comparing the proportion of private spending on health care in the United States to that spent in LDCs reveals A) they are about the same. B) individuals in the United States pay a higher percentage. C) individuals in the United States pay a lower percentage. D) health care is free in LDCs so no comparison is possible

A

27) All of the following are considered more developed regions except A) Southwest Asia & North Africa. B) North America C) Oceania D) Europe

A

29) Examining the diffusion of Wal-Mart reveals an application of the ________ concept. A) distance-decay B) discounting C) region D) core-periphery

A

3) Which of the following is not a reason that gender inequality is a challenge to development? A) it leads to smaller family sizes B) it is associated with lower literacy rates and higher infant mortality rates. C) it excludes women from the formal economy, wasting a major economic asset. D) it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women.

A

31) Southwest Asia & North Africa shows promise of becoming more developed primarily because of what characteristic? A) abundant petroleum reserves B) desert climate C) Islamic religious principles D) democratic reforms E) all of the above

A

32) Petroleum reserves in Southwest Asia & North Africa are A) clustered primarily in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf states. B) dispersed throughout the region. C) concentrated primarily along the Mediterranean Sea. D) primarily in Saudi Arabia. E) clustered in fields along the western shore of the Red Sea.

A

40) The GEM A) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment. B) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world. C) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country. D) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population.

A

47) In recent years, countries such as India have A) embraced the international trade model. B) raised taxes on imports. C) required licenses for importers. D) embraced the self-sufficiency approach. E) returned to traditional agricultural methods.

A

49) The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote A) balanced growth of all economic sectors. B) global competitiveness for local industries. C) the maintenance of a large bureaucracy. D) unequal distribution of resources. E) more efficient industries

A

14) Tertiary sector jobs involve the A) extraction of materials from Earth. B) provision of goods and services. C) manufacturing of raw materials. D) all of the above E) A and C

B

17) People are more productive in more developed countries because they A) work harder. B) have access to more technology. C) have a higher value added per person. D) are better educated. E) understand their jobs better than workers in less developed countries.

B

21) Even though a higher percentage of GDP is spent on education in less developed countries, A) more women than men have access to education in LDCs. B) LDCs spend less per pupil than MDCs. C) LDCs have smaller average class sizes than MDCs. D) literacy rates are higher in urban areas of LDCs than many MDCs

B

26) The North American region is the world's leading provider of all but which of the following? A) food B) petroleum C) financial and management services D) entertainment E) sports

B

30) Japan's principal asset for promoting development was A) a favorable ratio of population to resources. B) an abundant supply of labor. C) high physiological density. D) extensive supplies of critical raw materials. E) easy access to established Asian markets.

B

35) Population was traditionally low in Southeast Asia because of A) its dry climate. B) its inhospitable environment. C) Dutch colonial activity. D) its high arithmetic density. E) its low fertility rates.

B

39) The GDI A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world. B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country. C) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population. D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment .

B

41) According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when A) a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities. B) an elite group initiates innovative activities. C) take-off industries achieve technical advances. D) workers become more skilled and specialized. E) banking institutions are sufficiently mature

B

44) Saudi Arabia has successfully employed the international trade alternative primarily because of A) consumer spending. B) petroleum reserves. C) regional cooperation. D) traditional social customs. E) its strategic distribution location

B

11) Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) none of the above E) B and C

C

3) Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality? A) Women on average have two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs. B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs. C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world. D) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southwest Asia & North Africa. E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available

C

38) Examining the sub-national variation in development for many countries, such as Brazil, China, or Mexico, reveals A) development can be attributed to outside forces. B) cities are relatively underdeveloped compared to the agricultural lands. C) wealth is concentrated in the cooler, mountainous regions. D) substantial variations in wealth at the regional scale.

C

42) According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but which of its following assets? A) abundant agricultural products B) high quality manufactured goods C) imports to be limited D) international consumer preferences E) abundant mineral resources

C

48) Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality? A) Women on average have two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs. B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs. C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world. D) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southwest Asia & North Africa. E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available.

C

51) The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is A) confrontation with more developed countries. B) identifying unique economic assets. C) inability to repay loans. D) promoting self-sufficiency. E) currency inflation.

C

52) On a north polar projection, less developed countries appear to be located A) in the southern hemisphere. B) in a core region. C) in peripheral locations. D) clustered in an inner ring. E) spread evenly across the land masses.

C

6) Gross domestic product (GDP) is the A) total value of the outputs minus inputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year. B) total value of exports of goods and services produced in a country during a year. C) total value of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year. D) total value of human capital development in a country during a year.

C

7) In 2008, the per capita GDP in Sudan was about $1,500; this indicates that it is a A) petroleum exporting state. B) less developed country. C) more developed country. D) country with a high gross domestic product. E) has evenly distributed wealth.2

C

8) Per capita GDP is a good indicator of all but which of the following? A) the approximate level of material well being in a country B) the number of countries below the poverty level C) the distribution of wealth within a country D) the spatial distribution of global wealth E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

C

12) The tertiary sector of the economy includes all but which of the following? A) transportation B) producer services C) government D) construction E) banking

D

16) The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that A) the country imports most of its food. B) few people are unemployed. C) most people consume an inadequate amount of calories. D) most people must produce food for their own survival. E) factory production cannot expand.

D

20) In less developed countries, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are A) available for sharing by a large number of people. B) unknown and unfamiliar to most people. C) essential to rural life. D) familiar to many but owned by relatively few. E) available only through local manufacture.

D

28) The major economic asset of the Russian region is A) agricultural productivity. B) development of basic industries. C) production of consumer goods. D) oil reserves. E) diversified industrial manufacturing

D

33) The highest level of development within Latin America is found in A) Central America. B) Caribbean islands. C) interior South America. D) southern South America. E) countries on the Caribbean coast of northern South America.

D

34) The less developed region with the highest percentage of people living in urban areas is A) Southwest Asia & North Africa. B) East Asia. C) South Asia. D) Latin America. E) Southeast Asia.

D

37) Development prospects are limited in Sub-Saharan Africa because of all but which of the following? A) colonial legacy B) poor leadership C) capacity of land to produce food D) lack of monsoon rains E) overworked agricultural land and declining output

D

43) The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is A) increased demand for many goods. B) increased price of petroleum. C) regional cooperation. D) unequal distribution of resources. E) consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing can increase.

D

45) In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development A) begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities. B) results in uneven resource development. C) suffers from market stagnation. D) spreads investment through all sectors of the economy. E) identifies appropriate developmental stages

D

46) Traditional barriers to international investment have included A) low taxes on imports. B) making domestic goods more expensive. C) elimination of quotas on imports. D) requiring licenses for importers. E) weak domestic demand.

D

4) The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is A) widening. B) remaining constant. C) decreasing. D) zero. E) cycling up and down.

A

36) Agricultural output in South Asia each year depends primarily on the A) arrival of the monsoon. B) diffusion of miracle seeds. C) ratio between population and resources. D) price of jute. E) price of coconut oil

A

10) All but which of the following statements are correct? A) The higher the GDP of a country, the more equal its income distribution. B) The primary sector aounts for a larger share of GDP for LDCs than MDCs. C) Workers in MDCs are more productive than those in LDCs. D) The HDI is a function of economics, social, and demographic indicators.

A

18) The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is A) gross domestic product. B) productivity. C) tertiary sector analysis. D) market value. E) value added.

E

23) Which of the following is not an indicator of a country's level of development? A) infant mortality rate B) literacy rate C) age structure D) natural increase rate E) crude death rate

E

5) The value of total output of goods and services in a year in a country is its A) level of development. B) primary economic sector. C) productivity index. D) value added. E) gross domestic product.

E

50) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Fair Trade movement? A) Products are made and traded according to standards intending to protect workers and small businesses in LDCs. B) In North America most products have been craft products, while Europe has more sales in foods. C) Cooperatives intend to benefit local farmers and artisans, rather than absentee corporate owners. D) Employers must pay fair wages and comply with environmental and safety standards. E) Protection of workers' rights is a high priority for multinational corporations.

E

53) What do critics charge are some effects of Structural Adjustment Programs for refinancing loans to LDCs? A) more efficient civil service B) diverting investment from the military to health and education C) investment benefiting the poor, not just the elite D) more dissemination of information to the public E) workers in state enterprises losing their jobs and support for dependent citizens being cut

E

9) An example of a primary sector activity is A) education. B) manufacturing. C) banking. D) retailing. E) mining.

E