ap psych continuous --

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in what?

A decrease in heart rate and breathing rates, lowers blood pressure and promotes digestion

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

A loss of motor coordination

All summer Thomas hears the sound of the ice-cream truck approaching before his brother Oscar hears it. Thomas most likely has which of the following?

A lower absolute threshold for hearing than Oscar

Which of the following characterizes a behavioral approach to psychology?

A study of how reinforcement affects learning

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?

Acetylcholine

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

Amygdala

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him.

Amygdala

Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?

Autonomic . . sympathetic and parasympathetic

The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures?

Axon terminals

Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?

Behaviorist

Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech?

Broca's area

Which part of the brain receives messages from the hair-like receptors that are involved in the vestibular sense?

Cerebellum

When Rocco views the image above, he sees it as a 13 when it is part of a larger number but as a B when it is part of a word. Rocco's response shows the importance of what perceptual concept?

Context effects

in the figure above, what letter corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photoreceptors

D

Introspection as practiced by early structuralists is best illustrated by which of the following behaviors?

Describing one's immediate sensations while looking at a rose

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with speech production

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

Dopamine

In the figure above, where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect?

E

Neurotransmitters that function like the drug morphine and are involved in pain modulation include which of the following?

Endorphins

Which of the following is an example of shape constancy?

Even though the angle from which she viewed the table had changed, Elise still perceived the table as rectangular.

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured?

Frontal lobe

Rocio is continually learning new skills and gaining insights into herself. Although she is not experiencing any distress, she chooses to see a therapist. This primary emphasis on growth is most reflective of which of the following perspectives?

Humanistic

Following a mild stroke, Sam ate much more than normal and gained 50 pounds within a year. What part of the brain was most likely damaged?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following brain structures has the strongest influence on hunger and satiety?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following is the best evidence that environment plays a role in intelligence?

Identical twins reared together are more similar than identical twins reared apart.

The sociocultural perspective is best reflected in which of the following research findings?

In the United States individuals diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder switch identities upon suggestion, while in India individuals diagnosed with the same disorder switch personalities only upon awakening.

Which of the following is a parasympathetic nervous system response?

Increased digestion

Martha is an undergraduate student who is interested in pursuing a career in psychology. She wants to use her knowledge of psychology to help employees become more productive in the workplace. Which field of psychology should Martha select in graduate school?

Industrial-organizational

The nature-nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions?

Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?

Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?

It has a short wavelength and high frequency.

Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?

It was initiated in the spinal cord.

Which of the following is brain-imaging technique that produces the most detailed picture of brain structure?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

The brain is NOT involved in initiating action in which of the following situations?

Maureen reflexively pulls her hand away from fire.

Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system?

Multiple sclerosis

Beth received a hemispherectomy to treat a seizure disorder when she was two years old. However, by the time she was five years old, her cognitive abilities were the same as those of a neurotypical five year old. Which of the following best explains her abilities?

Neuroplasticity

Which of the following terms refers to the brain's ability to physically change over time in reaction to experiences?

Neuroplasticity

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?

Positron emission tomography (PET)

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?

Psychodynamic

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?

Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

Rudy has chronic trouble staying awake in class. What part of the brain is most likely responsible for Rudy's drowsiness?

Reticular formation

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

Reticular formation

In the figure above, a patient has been asked to draw a slash through each circle. The pattern of responses suggests that the patient has most likely experienced damage in which of the following areas?

Right hemisphere

If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?

Right parietal lobe

Which part of the brain represented above is indicated by A?

Somatosensory cortex

Luis constructed a flip-book with 30 different still images of a cartoon cat. When Luis quickly flipped through successive images of the cat, the cat appeared to move. Which of the following concepts does the example illustrate?

Stroboscopic movement, because the book is a series of images presented at separate time intervals.

Joel's pupils become dilated, his digestion is reduced, and his skin becomes cold. Which system is controlling his bodily changes?

Sympathetic

Which of the following are NOT part of a neuron?

Synapses

George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?

The occipital lobe

Which of the following explains transduction?

The process by which sensory stimuli are converted into neural signals

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Wernicke's area

One year old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue . The reason for such a reaction is most likely

a classically conditioned taste aversion response

A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. The person's reaction is most directly enabled by

a spinal reflex

Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to

absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron

The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called

accommodation

Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an

antagonist

When excitatory neurotransmitters stimulate a single neuron, the neuron

becomes more likely to produce an action potential

John B. Watson is best known as the founder of

behaviorism

Difficulty in typing smoothly on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the

cerebellum

The tendency of most people to identify a three-sided figure as a triangle, even when one of its sides is incomplete, is the result of a perceptual process known as

closure

dr karima conducts basic research on the relative effectiveness of massed practice and spaced practice on a persons ability to remember information. Dr Karima is most likely a ___________ psychologist

cognitive

Even though it was nearly dark outside, Kaci could still tell that the basketball she was playing with was orange. Which of the following concepts is best illustrated in this example?

color consistency

An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty

comprehending a spoken request for information

Which of the following refers to the photoreceptors responsible for color vision?

cones

Parkinson's disease is most closely associated with

decreases in levels of dopamine

In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the ________ of a single neuron.

dendrites to the cell body to the axon

A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's

difference threshold

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

electroencephalography (EEG)

The limbic system is most closely associated with

emotions

While attending a concert, Anthony finds that he can clearly recognize the melody coming from the lead violin above all the other instruments playing in the orchestra, even though the other instruments may be louder. Gestalt psychologists would explain Anthony's ability using the principle of

figure- ground

The reversible figure above illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of

figure-ground

The psychological experience of pitch is related to a sound wave's

frequency

If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is

green

The pituitary gland is controlled by the

hypothalamus

Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise

increases her level of endorphins

Many common antidepressants ease symptoms of depression by

inhibiting serotonin reuptake, which makes serotonin more available

An all or nothing response pattern is characteristic of the

initiation of neural impulses

the peripheral nervous system is to sensory neurons as the central nervous system is to

interneurons

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the

left cerebral hemisphere

The network of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory is the

limbic system

The fovea has the greatest visual acuity in bright light primarily because the fovea is

made up of only cones

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel's research on responses of the brain to visual stimuli showed that

many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information

In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in peripheral vision than when viewed directly. This phenomenon occurs because the rods located in the retina are

more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea

Alice is shopping with her daughter when she hears the word " mom . " Alice answers , only to realize that the sales clerk said " ma'am " to a customer . This inaccurate perception can be attributed to

perceptual expectancy

Joseph has blue eyes and brown hair and is tall. These characteristics are best described as

phenotypic traits

The brain's ability to adapt after it is damaged is known as

plasticity

Of the following, an evolutionary psychologist will most likely investigate the

reason why many people have an innate fear of the dark

In vision, transduction occurs within the

retina

Ana is instructed by her doctor to wear a patch over one eye while an infection heals. While wearing the patch, Ana will lose her ability to use which of the following depth perception cues?

retinal disparity

Balance is influenced by the

semicircular canals

The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the

somatic

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

the absolute refractory phase

Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study

the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving

A reason that one typically does not notice a blind spot in the visual field is that

the brain fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is incomplete

Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by

top-down processing

The general function of the bones in the middle ear is to

transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

Damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in

understanding language

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a

visual deficit