AP Psychology - Chapter 1
Wolfgang Kholer
"Insight Learning": Gestalt Psychology
Margaret Floy Washburn
Functionalist Psychologist; First woman to earn a Ph.D
Humanism
Perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans
Kurt Kofka
Early founder of Gestalt Psychology
Charles Darwin
Evolution by "natural selection"
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic Psychology; Hierarchy of Needs
Carl Rogers
Humanistic Psychology; founded Client-Centered Therapy
Introspection
Process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts
Functionalism
Focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment
Psychoanalysis
A therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders.
John B. Watson
Behaviorism; Generalization-Inductive Reasoning
B. F. Skinner
Behaviorism; pioneer in Operant Conditioning
Jean Piaget
Cognitive Psychology; Created a 4-Stage Theory of Cognitive Development
Mary Whiton Calkins
Conducted research on memory, personality, and dreams; first woman president of the American Psychological Association
Ivan Pavlov
Discovered Classical Conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell
Wilhelm Wundt
Father of Psychology; Theory of Structuralism
Behaviorism
Focus on observing and controlling behavior
G. Stanley Hall
Founder of Child Study Movement
William James
Founder of Functionalism
Max Weatherman
Gestalt Psychology; The Study of Perception
Gestalt
Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
Karen Horney
Neo-Freudian, psychodynamic
Cecil Sumner
Race/Black Psychology
Dorothea Dix
Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients
Structuralism
Understanding the conscious experience through introspection
Sigmund Freud
Work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.