APAH Chapter 32

Ashoka at Kalinga - Meera Mukherjee

Bronze statue Combination of the bastar tribe's traditional bronze-casted sculptures technique with the swelling forms of 20th century sculpture Bastar: old and traditional tribe in central India King Ashoka is depicted as a PACIFISTS, depicts his quest against violence Return to traditionalism and a rejection of the west

Walking Buddha

Bronze statue of Buddha THAILAND Shows the Buddha in mid-stride, which is a unique trait to THAI depictions of Buddha Displays a distinctive approach to human anatomy Buddha's body is soft and elastic Right arm hangs loosely, like an elephant trunk Artist intended the body type to suggest a supernatural being and to express the Buddha's beauty and perfection Usually in the form of bronze

Lotus Mahal

Created by the Vijayanagara Empire, the most powerful Hindu kingdom in southern India during the 14th to 16th centuries Eclectic mix of Hindu and Islamic architectural elements Windows and the arches of the ground floor are distinctly Islamic Stepped towers that crown the top floor are a lot more in the style of Hindu architecture Exemplifies the "STYLISTIC CROSSCURRENTS", mixture of architectural styles

Qutb Minar & Alai Darvaza

Delhi Qutbar Minar is long thin minaret and the Alai Darvaza is the mosque standing next to it Delhi's first mosque Created by Sultunate of Delhi in 1206 Marked the triumph of Islam in northern India Qutb Minar: world's tallest minaret Mixture of architectural traditions: combines Islamic pointed arches, decorative grills over the windows, and a hemispherical dome, with Hindu crowning finial (thing on top of minaret and mosque)

Taj Mahal

Located in Agra Mausoleum that "seems to float magically over reflecting pools in a vast garden" Tomb may have been conceived as throne of God above the gardens of Paradise on judgement day Built by SHAH JAHAN Memorial to Shah's favorite wife Follows the plan of Iranian garden pavilions, but stands at one end instead of in the center Octagonal tomb in plan and has typically Iranian arcuated niches Exactly as wide as it is tall (so it's a cube!) Designer may have conceived the mausoleum as the throne of God perched above the gardens of Paradise on judgement day

Great Temple

Located in Madurai Colossal gateway towers (CALLED GOPURAS) that were erected during the Nayak Dynasty Nayak dynasty: declared their independence from the Viayanagar kings in 1529 Features brightly painted stucco sculptures Sculptures represent the vash pantheon on Hindu deities Used as a massive place for worship Culminates in a barrel-vaulted roof with finials (little decorations on the top)

Krishna and Radha in a Pavilion

One of the most popular subjects for Rajput paintings was Radha and Krishna Rajput: although Mughals ruled vast territories, most of northern India remained under control of Rajput Opaque watercolour on paper Depicts the amorous adventures of Krishna (Blue God) - one of the most popular of the incarnations of god Vishnu, who apparently descends to earth to aid mortals Here he fondles/spends time with his favorite lover Radha Their love was meant to be a model for devotion Inspired by poem written by Jayadeva

Shah Tahmasp Medidating - Sahifa Banu

Opaque watercolor on paper Example of a MINIATURE (small page part of an embellished book) FEMALE ARTIST: one of the few known Mughal women artists Depicted Persian emperor who sits on a magnificent Persian carpet at the edge of a stream underneath the branches of a tree Miniature itself has a textile-like quality and resembles the carpet Two of Shah Tahmasp's painters went to India to train Mughal imperial book illustrators

Akbar and the Elephant Hawai - Basawan and Chatar Muni

Opaque watercolor on paper Example of a MINIATURE (small page part of an embellished book) Portrays the young emperor Akbar bringing a wild elephant under control Artist chose the moment of maximum chaos and danger Episode is meant to be an allegory of Akbar's ability to rule Sense of depth is created by diminishing the size of the figures in the background MASTER OF VIVID DETAILS Part of a large biography commissioned by Akbar that chronicled his life, called Akbarnama (History of Akbar)

Jahangir Preferring a Suki Shayk to Kings - Bichitr

Opaque watercolour on paper Allegorical portrait of Emperor Jahangir on an hourglass throne Emperor Jahangir = Mughal ruler Radiant halo behind them Emperor sits above time Favours spiritual power over worldly power Artists included a copy of a portrait of King James I to underscore that Mughal emperor preferred the wisdom of an elder Sufi mystic saint to the counsel of the British monarch SPIRITUAL OVER WORLDLY POWER Aritst included a self-portrait in bottom left corner

Maharaj Jaswant Singh of Marwar

Portrays Jaswant Singh - the ruler of Jodhpur He is portrayed as a mixture of India/GB; he almost looks like a British gentlemen sitting in a room Artist employed same materials Indian miniature painters had used for centuries Shows how Western culture never supplanted rich Indian traditions While his style is English, there's no question about his regal presence/pride

Schwedagon Pagoda

Rebuilt several times; Yangon, Burma 344-foot-tall Houses two of the Buddha's hairs Famous for the silver, jewels and gold that sheathe its exterior The gold ball at the top is inlaid with diamonds Great wealth shown in the construction as mean to be a gift to the Buddha from the laypeople of Myanmar to earn merit on their path to enlightenment

Dish w/ two myanah birds on flowering branch

Stoneware painted with underglaze-cobalt Example of how Vietnamese ceramists exported underglaze pottery throughout Southeast Asia and beyond Spontaneous depiction of mynah birds on dish contrasts with the formality of Chinese porcelains Curving/looping lines, seems that the artist painted the lines in almost one swift movement Was seen as a fresh and unique design (because it was different from the Chinese)

Emerald Buddha

THAI Located in the Emerald Temple in Bangkok Either made of jade or jasper, this gemstone gives it a special aura Thai king dresses the Buddha in a monk's robe and a king's robe at different times of the year — this act underscores the image's symbolic role as both Buddha and king Reflects DUAL NATURE of Buddha For the king, it holds both religious and secular authority

Victoria Terminus - Frederick Stevens

Train station, still used today One of the most enduring monuments of British rule in India Named after the first British empress of India (Victoria) Designed by a British architect Includes groin-vaulted ceilings and many staned glass windows "European transplant to India" Modelled on late Venetian architecture SEE THE BRITISH INFLUENCE