APHUG Ch.6-13
The "separate but equal" doctrine of racial equality was accompanied by
"Jim Crow" laws across the American South.
Truck farming is a term the derives from the Middle-English word truck, meaning
"bartering" or "exchange of commodities."
North America receives ___________ % of the world's Muslim migrants.
1
The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased by about
1 degrees Celsius since 1880
The earliest known domesticated wheat, barley, and rice crops are thought to have originated in Asia about
10,000 years ago
Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into ________ agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture).
11
European railways were not built in Greece until after
1876.
South Africa first elected a black president during the
1990s.
Racist laws divided benches, drinking fountains, bathrooms, and schools in South Africa until
1994.
The # of farms in the US declined from about 6 million in 1940 to ____________ in 1980.
2 million
In Sub-Saharan African about
2/3 of the people are Christians.
In the U.S., Nucor has operations in at least
20 different states
Fair trade returns on average ________ percent to producers rather than 1 percent seen in so many trading arrangements.
33
________ % of London, England's citizens are born outside of the U.K.
33
In the US, __________ of the country is suited to wind power development.
33%
Although many factory laborers in MDCs are paid $________ per hour, factory laborers in LDCs may be paid less than $________ per hour.
35;2
Russia, today, recognizes ____ different ethnicities within its political borders.
39
In about the year 1985, the amount of fish consumed by developing countries was approximately
40 million metric tons.
Although there are fewer developed countries in the world, altogether they consume about ________ of the world's fossil fuels
40%
In the U.S. about _____ % of all jobs are in consumer services.
50
Developing countries (including Russia and China) consume approximately ________ % of the world's fossil fuels.
60
Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture), ________ of which were classified as found in MDCs and ________ as found in LDCs.
6;5
In the year 2010 the world pop. was nearly
7 billion
In about the year 2005, the amount of fish consumed by developing countries exceeded
80 million metric tons.
What is NOT true in California's drought crisis?
80% of the water distributed in California goes to cities
The US had about 60% fewer farms and _____ few farmers in 200. than in 1900.
85%
The earliest known domesticated squash crops are thought to have originated in the Americas more than
9,000 years ago.
What is a characteristic of shifting cultivation?
A new site is designated every few years
When an individual self-describes as "unaffiliated" this means?
Affirm neither a belief nor a lack of belief in a higher power, belief in a higher power but have no membership in a formal religious institution, express no religious interest or preference, and do not regularly participate in organized religious activity. (Espouse atheism or agnosticism would not describe an "unaffiliated.")
The second most populous ethnic group in the U.S. is
African Americans.
What is a belief that the existence of God cannot be proven empirically?
Agnosticism
Indigenous Canadians and Americans grouped by ethnic identity include
Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, First Nations, Inuits. (Plains Natives would not be included).
Syria's ethnic composition is politically represented by which minority?
Alawi
More than 40% of average income is spent on food in
Algeria, Syria, Madagascar, and Laos
Buddhism is founded on the Four Noble Truths, which include
All living things must endure suffering, suffering leads to rebirth, Nirvana is the goal, and Nirvana is attained through an eightfold path.
What is not true about sub-Saharan Africa's adolescent fertility rate?
All of Sub-Saharan Africa is in the 60% range
Maize, potatoes, squash, and peppers were first domesticated in the
Americas
Llamas, alpacas, and turkeys were domesticated in the
Americas.
The only large mass NOT part of a sovereign state is
Antarctica
Iraq's majority Muslim population are
Arab Shi'ite
What is the lingua franca of the Muslim world?
Arabic
Which semi peripheral nation is considered highly developed?
Argentina
What country suffered from genocide in the early 20th century by the Turks?
Armenia
Nagorno-Karabakh is an ethnic enclave of ______________ in _________________.
Armenia; Azerbaijan
Horses were domesticated in
Asia
Most of the religions with at least 1 million adherents originated on which continent?
Asia
WB assistance goes largely to states in
Asia
The most significant numbers of organic farmers are found in
Australia
What is NOT considered a semi peripheral nation?
Australia
The US has more coal production than
Australia or Canada
The term that describes the amount of oxygen required by aquatic bateria to decompose a given amount of organic waste is
BOD.
This is a 19th century, universalizing religion established through abolition of racial, class, and religious prejudice.
Baha'i
Which of the following pairs of religions and places of worship or meditation is INCORRECT? Islam - Mosque, Sikh - Gurdwara, Buddhism - Pagoda, Baha'i - Temple, Judaism - Sunagogue
Baha'i - Temple
Which country in South America has the highest maternal mortality rate?
Bolivia
Elongated states may suffer from poor internal communication and difficulty defending its borders. What is not an example of an elongated state?
Botswana
What is a large fundamental division of a religion?
Branch
The most populous country to depend on hydroelectric power is
Brazil
What country represents a federal state in which power is allocated to local government?
Brazil
Outside of the three world regions where industry is concentrated, the next two largest industrial producing countries are
Brazil and India
Meats provide at leas 25% of the protein consumed in
Brazil, Argentina, and Spain
The BRIC designation includes which 4 countries?
Brazil, Russia, India, China
10-99 million metric tons of rice are produced annually in
Brazil, Thailand, and the US
Moreno (Brunette/Olive) and Moreno Claro (Light Brown) represent
Brazilian self-identification.
What describes the nationality of someone who gives allegiance to the U.K.?
British
This religion is the most prevalent, non-Christian faith on the West Coast of the U.S.
Buddhism
What is NOT an ethnic Asian religion?
Buddhism (Universalizing Religion)
Who is the largest supplier of petroleum to the US?
Canada
Of the following list, which is the youngest religion? Jainism, Shinto, Zoroastrianism, Cao Dai, Sikhism
Cao Dai
In Canada, this branch forms the majority in Quebec.
Catholic
In France, most of the people are
Catholic
What is an example of a hierarchical religion?
Catholicism
The largest religious adherents in the U.S. Southwest are
Catholics.
Copper is found in
Chile, Mexico, Peru, Democratic Republic of Congo, but not Brazil
Over 1 billion squared meters of fabric are produced annually in both
China and India
In addition to the US, what countries are permanent members of the UN security council?
China, France, Russia, UK, but not Germany
The largest numbers of Asian Americans are descended from immigrants from
China.
The world's largest universalizing religion is
Christianity
The world's four largest religions in terms of total number of adherents are?
Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism (Should be Buddhism. Sikhism is young, so it isn't one of the main four.)
Almost 90% of people in the Western Hemisphere claim adherence to
Christianity.
Most immigrants to the U.S. are
Christians.
What shape most easily fosters the establishment of effective internal communications for a smaller state?
Compact
Who prescribed a series of ethical principles for daily life based on li meaning propriety?
Confucius
What island's capital is the only capital city in the world divided by an international ethnic boundary?
Cyprus
Von Thunen's model can best be used to explain the location of what types of agriculture?
Dairying in the NE US
The exiled spiritual leader of Tibet is the
Dalai Lama.
As Sudan's religion-based civil war was winding down, an ethnic war erupted in the region of
Darfur.
What African country has a prorupted shape?
Demographic Republic of Congo
What logical conclusion might explain the higher prevalence of Buddhism in the west coast counties of the U.S.
Destination of migrants from East and Southeast Asia
In order to become a global industrial power, Japan had to overcome what problem?
Distance from consumer
Pastoral nomadism is most commonly found in which climate region?
Dry
Rice, soybeans, and walnuts were first domesticated in
East Asia
What developing region has shown the biggest change in HDI?q
East Asia
In which part of the world will one find over 50% of the population described as unaffiliated with the remainder of the population either Buddhist or affiliated with a folk religion?
East Asia (Blame China.)
What are the four global regions with the most diverse religious composition?
East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa (North and South American would not be correct because of there Christian majority.)
The world leaders in blouse production include the US, China,
Egypt, Spain, and Brazil
The GII combines what three measures to derive a composite score?
Empowerment, employment, reproductive health
Cereals provide at least 50% of the protein consumed in
Ethiopia and India
Maize is the leading energy source in
Ethiopia, Mexico, and Guatemala
What lies at the root of the conflicts in the Sudan?
Ethnic Diversity
Cultural boundaries include
Ethnic, religious, language, and geometric, but not geomorphic
When gerrymandering takes place, the kind of redistricting that concentrates opposition voters into a small number if districts, allowing the party in power to gain control of numerous other districts, is termed a(n) _______ strategy.
Excess vote
What form of gerrymandering seeks to concentrate opposition supporters into a few districts?
Excess vote.
What penalty was NOT imposed by the Taliban in Afghanistan?
Families with more than 2 children were exiled.
What is not an indicator of global gender inequality?
Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world.
What democracy represents a unitary state in which power is concentrated in the hands of the central government?
France
What is the French colony northwest of the Pitcairn Islands?
French Polynesia
______________ is the literal interpretation and strict adherence to the basic principles of a religion.
Fundamentalism
What country has experienced the most extreme 'balkanization' since the dissolution of the Soviet Union?
Georgia
What European country was divided post-World War II into a Democratic Republic and a Federal Republic?
Germany
What country doesn't have a nuclear power?
Germany
Examples of major nation-states are
Germany and Denmark
The motives of European states in establishing colonies can be summarized by
Gold, Glory, God, Power, but not Guilt
What is not a reason that supports gentrification?
Government subsidizes loans to gentrify an area.
A leader in microfinance has been
Grameen Bank
The Industrial Revolution began in
Great Britain
The global recession of 2008 brought especially severe repercussions to economically weaker nations in the EU, including
Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain, but not France
What problems has Cyprus experienced during the past 4 decades?
Greek-inspired military coup, Turkish army invasion, increasing spatial segregation of Greeks and Turks, division of the capital city by a buffer zone patrolled by UN soldiers, but no a partition of the island by the British as part of independence
What is the U.S. colony located east of the Philippines?
Guam
In the US, there is a high concentration of natural gas fields in the
Gulf of Mexico
What country is NOT among the top five countries of origin for clothing sold in the US?
Haiti
The core of Islamic faith rests on two principles that are geographic including prayer in the direction of Mecca (salat). What is the other pillar that is distinctly geographic?
Hajj
This Arabic word for migration is also used to describe Mohammed's flight from persecution.
Hegira
Cremation is more important than burial in what religion?
Hinduism
Dravidians in what is today South Asia mingled with Aryan tribes from Central Asia to produce
Hinduism
What ethnic group has the most adherents?
Hinduism
What religion has no centralized structure of religious control?
Hinduism
What religion is a polytheistic faith?
Hinduism
The world's largest ethnic religion is
Hinduism.
What does the U.S. Census Bureau not consider a race?
Hispanic/Latino
The threat of famine is most likely is what region of the globe?
Horn of Africa and the Sahel
What pairing of activity and WB organization is incorrect?
IDA - implements transportation and social service projects (it actually aims to reduce poverty by providing loans and grants for programs that boost economic growth, reduce inequalities, and improve people's living conditions.)
This country has capitalized on its geothermal energy by heating homes and businesses in its capital city with it.
Iceland
What is false about the Baltic States?
In all three states, Russian has remained the official language.
Jainism is concentrated in which South Asian country?
India
What country converted to an international trade model in the early 1990s?
India
More than 100 million metric tons of milk are produced annually in
India.
The "Line of Control" represents a dividing line in Kashmir between
Indian and Pakistan.
Brazil's Amazonian North has the highest percentage of
Indigenous.
What are the four largest countries in which 40% of the world's Muslim population lives?
Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh (Saudi Arabia would not be part of this group.)
Although the Ganges is the most holy river for Hindus, the religion evolved around which river valley?
Indus
What type of agriculture is practiced by the largest % of the world's people?
Intensive subsistence
What is likely the least or weakest centripetal force in the U.S.
Internet content available from around the world.
Both the Baha'i faith and Zoroastrianism have their roots in which Southwest Asian nation?
Iran
Between 1-9 million metric tons of milk are produced annually in
Iran.
Less than 1 million metric tons of milk are produced annually in
Iraq.
Adherents of what religion have controlled the Holy Land for most of the past 1,500 years?
Islam
Of the universalizing religions, which religion provides the most local autonomy?
Islam
What is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it?
Islam
A muezzin is most closely associated with
Islam.
What is true about white flight?
It contributed to the spatial expansion of black ghettos, it was encouraged by unscrupulous real estate and banking practices, it contributed to blockbusting, and it was precipitated by a racially motivated push factor. (It began in the 1970s when the economy contracted would not be true.)
What is not a characteristic of a hierarchical region?
It encourages each congregation to be self-sufficient.
What is not true about the Law of the Sea?
It identifies internal shoreline waters as international to ensure free trade.
What is NOT true about acid precipitation?
It injures plants by deriving them of nutrients on land.
What best describes the situation of religion in Tibet?
Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government discourages observance.
A nuclear meltdown after a massive earthquake occurred in __________ in 2011.
Japan
What country is recognized as one of the most ethnically homogeneous in the world?
Japan
What developed nation is the leading food importer today?
Japan
Which developed region has shown the biggest change in HDI?
Japan and South Korea
What are the four countries that produce 50% of the world's industrial output?
Japan, U.S., China, Germany (not Great Britain)
Given Muslim perspectives on sacred spaces in the Middle East, politicians in the region have been wary of inviting further religious-fueled conflict by proclaiming
Jerusalem the capital of Israel.
Palestinians include all but what group?
Jewish citizens of Israel
People who were restricted by covenants in deeds included
Jews, Blacks, Roman Catholics, Mexican Americans, but not Caucasians.
What is a pair of terms and definitions that is incorrect?
Jihad - Suicide
Of the following list, which is the oldest religion? Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Baha'i.
Judaism
Out of the list, which is not an universalizing religion? Buddhism, Baha'i, Islam, Judaism, Chrisitianity
Judaism
This religion is the most prevalent, non-Christian faith on the East Coast of the U.S.
Judaism
_________ is the shipment of manufacturing inputs in a manner that allows for production flexibility.
Just-in-time
More than 50% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture in
Kenya, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe
What country has suffered in the 21st century from ethnic cleansing?
Kyrgyzstan
What writings emphasized mystical aspect of life based on Tao?
Lao-Zi
Which Southeast Asian country exceeds 50% when it comes to debt of GDP
Laos
Which country in Southeast Asia has the highest maternal mortality rate?
Laos
Potatoes were domesticated in
Latin America
Lima beans were domesticated in
Latin America.
The Spine and Disamenity zones are most closely associated with a(n)
Latin American city.
The most populous ethnic group in the U.S. is
Latinos/Hispanics.
What explains the large % of South Asians along Guyana's coast?
Legacy of indentured servitude under 19th century British rule
Southwest Asia and North Africa are considered
Less developed regions
Examples of state-sponsored terrorism by this country include the explosion of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland.
Libya
What is NOT perceived as a negative to using GMO seeds?
Long-term GMO use reduces the quality of the soil
What African country has an elongated shape?
Malawi
______________ is an example of a secondary sector activity.
Manufacturing
Holiest city for Muslims is
Mecca (Makkah).
What is considered to be a hearth of urban settlement?
Mesopotamia
What area is NOT a major food exporting region?
Mexico
Most Buddhist religious functions are performed by
Monks.
What American TNC is most closely associated with GMOs?
Monsanto
What country has built a sand wall around the disputed Sahrawi Republic?
Morocco
Given Daoism's classification as either a universalizing or an ethnic religion, what would you be more likely to categorize as pertaining to Daoism?
Most shrines are located at major physical features or sites of longstanding cultural significance.
What is NOT true about periodic Muslim markets around the globe?
Muslim markets operate every day of the week.
Between 10-20 million tons of aquatic catch are taken annually from
NE part of the Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean is
NOT a form of subsistence agriculture
Africa's South Africa is
NOT an agricultural hearth.
The four most important holy places to Buddhists are found in
Nepal and India.
Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America?
New England
Which states are the biggest exporters of solid waste?
New York, New Jersey, Illinois
Boko Haram seeks to turn which African country into an Islamic State?
Nigeria
This individual won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for work on the Green Revolution.
Normal Borlaug
This region has the highest per capita consumption of water in the world.
North America
Which U.S. state was judged by the Washington Post to have the most gerrymandering?
North Carolina
Juche is a young religion confined to
North Korea.
What two countries are committed to unifying the nation but face disagreement as to which will be the dominant political and economic ideology?
North and South Korea
Brazil's _____ was the major destination for Portuguese slave ships.
Northeast
What is NOT true about nuclear energy?
Nuclear fusion has been developed to full capacity.
Changes in US manufacturing between 1950 and 2015 indicate that the number of manufacturing jobs decreased markedly in
Ohio, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania
Which empire controlled Palestine for 400 years before it lost it after World War I
Ottoman
20-49% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture in
Pakistan, Iran, and Algeria.
Wheat is the leading energy source in
Pakistan, Iran, and Saudi Arabia
The most prominent structure in the ancient city of Athens was the _______, which still overlooks the city.
Parthenon
The Taliban are members of which ethnicity?
Pashtun
What indicator has shown a widening gap since 1980?
Per capita GNI
The ___________ constitute the largest ethnicity adhering to Shi'ite Islam.
Persians
Rice is the leading energy source in
Peru, India, and Ecuador
What is a small British colony in the Pacific Ocean?
Pitcairn
What is NOT true concerning recycling?
Plastics are symbolized with ranking for safety in recycling.
The "separate but equal" doctrine in the U.S. was legally established by
Plessy v. Ferguson.
Dumping chemicals (such as motor oil and antifreeze) into storm drains does not pair with
Point Source Pollution
The UN is PRIMARILY what kind of cooperative effort?
Political
____________ compels subsistence farmers to consider new farming approaches to generate higher yields
Population growth
If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution?
Primate city
What is a characteristic that isn't of the Fair Trade movement?
Protection of workers' rights is already a high priority for multinational corporations
In Canada, Nunavut is almost entirely
Protestant.
A sharp boundary between North and South America is represented by
Protestantism and Catholicism.
A person from northern Germany is more likely to be an adherent of
Protestantism.
In Switzerland, the population is roughly divided between
Protestants and Catholics
What is the U.S. colony located west of the British Virgin Islands?
Puerto Rico
The largest Hispanic/Latino groups in the United States are from what two countries?
Puerto Rico and Mexico
Sikhs have fought for autonomy in ________ region.
Punjab
What is NOT considered an activity that is among the largest consumers of energy?
Recreation
______________ is the reuse of unwanted material.
Recycling
The global extent of Christianity emerged largely as a result of which type of diffusion beginning with the Age of Exploration?
Relocation diffusion
What is the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in the United States?
Relocation to northern cities
What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical North American CBD?
Retail
What are branches of Christianity?
Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant
A person in Ireland is more likely to be an adherent of
Roman Catholicism.
In Northern Ireland prior to the end of the violence in 1999, ________ were discriminated against by being excluded from schools and jobs.
Roman Catholics
Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration of
Roman Catholics from Latin America.
Moldova, after it became an autonomous republic sought ethnic reunification with
Romania
Because of its centrality in an ancient communications network, we still have the old saying "All roads lead to ________."
Rome
The two most holy and solemn days of the Jewish calendar are
Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur
The world's largest state is
Russia
Among the world's largest multinational states are
Russia and the United States
What is not true about Russia's multiethnic state?
Russia prohibits secondary official languages to ensure Russian remains pure.
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in five groups of independent states, Russia and all but
Russia's central European States (Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Romania)
Hutu and Tutsi conflict is most closely associated with genocide in which African nation?
Rwanda
There has been a recent decrease in undernourishment in
SE Asia
Rye, lentils, olives, and oats were first domesticated in
SW Asia
Pigs, goats, and sheep were domesticated in the
SW Asia.
What is the British colony to the west of Angola?
Saint Helena
In Von Thunen's model, wood lots occupied the
Second ring
Gated communities best represent
Segregation based on social class
Kosovo was under minority political control of
Serbians.
Follows of what religious branch don't trace their origin to Abraham?
Shi'ite
The dominant branch of Islam in Iran is
Shi'ite. (On quizizz it says Mahayana, need clarification.)
What type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries?
Shifting cultivation
This ethnic religion is also regarded as a cultural feature in Japan.
Shinto
Who is the founder of Buddhism?
Siddhartha Gautama
The major holidays are associated with the births and deaths of the ten gurus in which religion?
Sikhism
A growth boundary is associated with
Smart Growth Programs
What is NOT true about solar energy?
Solar power is widely used in the US, providing 20% of the electricity
Brazil's ________ was the major destination for Europeans.
South
Swaziland makes ________ into a perforated state.
South Africa
What African country at the bottom south would not be a fragmented state?
South Africa
What country is the only semi peripheral nation-state in Africa?
South Africa
A large % of Muslims living in the U.S. are from which region?
South Asia
In which part of the world will one find an unevenly distributed population of over 66% Hindu?
South Asia
Literacy rates are lowest in
South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa
Buddhism diffused initially to
South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.
What is the poorest region in the US?
Southeast
Coconuts, pigeonpeas, mango, and taro were first domesticated in
Southeast Asia
Pigs were domesticated in
Southwest Asia
Islam diffused initially to
Southwest Asia and North Africa.
The first people to domesticate lentils and olives were in
Southwest Asia.
Muslims are clustered in
Southwestern Asia, North Africa, and parts of South Asia and Southeastern Asia.
What form of gerrymandering has been particularly attractive for creating districts inclined to elect ethnic minorities?
Stack vote.
Oddly shaped districts is a form of gerrymandering known as
Stacked vote
What is most likely a basic economic activity?
Steel mill
The lowest HDI may be found in
Sub-Saharan Africa
Yams, sorghum, coffee, and cowpeas were first domesticated in
Sub-Saharan Africa
The dominant branch of Islam is
Sunni
Less than 20% of average income is spent on food in
Sweden, Finland, US, Canada, Australia, and Germany
Chinese traditional religions are __________, in that they combine several traditions.
Syncretic
Until it was forced to withdraw its troops in 2005, most of Lebanon was controlled by
Syria.
What African country is the most fragmented state?
Tanzania
What is the British colony to the east of Argentina?
The Falkland Islands
What is another example of an African country with an elongated shape?
The Gambia
What is NOT true about GMOs?
The NAFTA nations, the US, Canada, and Mexico have embraced the idea of labeling GMO foods
The Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands represent the contested sovereignty of what three nations?
The People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Japan
The least populated remaining colony is ruled by
The UK
Oil price history shows that prices have changed sharply on several occasions. What is NOT an event that led to a sharp fluctuation in barrel price?
The US government removes all subsidies in 1980 to major oil companies like Exxon-Mobil causing an increased prices.
What is NOT true about the world's energy supply?
The United States produced 50% of the world's petroleum output
What was apartheid?
The geographic separation of races in South Africa
What is not true about the U.S. attacks on Iraq in 1991 and 2003?
The hostility between the U.S. and Iraq dates back to the 1979 Shi'ite fundamentalist uprising which deposed the U.S.-friendly leadership
What was a distinctive feature of the world's superpowers between the 1940s and 1980s compared to other eras?
The number of superpowers was much lower than in the past
What is the correct chronological sequencing of Buddhism's branches?
Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana
What is not true about the branches of Buddhist?
Theravadists regard themselves as the "greater vehicle" while Mahayanas are the "less vehicle."
What do South Sudan, Libya, and the Central African Republic have in common?
They are fragile states.
What policy did the British follow in India?
They questioned the equity of the caste system.
What is NOT true about contemporary factories?
They require proximity to rail limes
In Von Thunen's model, crops and pastureland occupied the
Third ring
After China, India, and Pakistan, the world leaders in cotton yarn production include
Turkey, Egypt, US, and Brazil
Latinos live throughout the
U.S.
The Substainable Development Goals replaced what global effort?
UN Millennium Goals
What is NOT a government policy to improve the financial position of US farmers?
US Public Law 480
__________ is dietary energy consumption that is continuously below that needed for a healthy life and the ability to carry out light physical activity.
Undernourishment
The United Nations partition plan dividing Palestine placed Jerusalem under
United Nations administration.
The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to which type of religions?
Universalizing
Lutherans are clustered in what part of the United States?
Upper midwestern
The copper industry in the US has more copper mined in
Utah, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Montana
The world's smallest state is
Vatican City
This South American country has significant proven petroleum reserves.
Venezuela
Which less developed country does NOT exceed 50% when it comes to debt of GDP?
Venezuela
Cao Dai was granted legal status in 1997, increasing this country's adherents.
Vietnam
When gerrymandering takes place, the kind of redistricting so that the opposition is spread across many districts as a minority is termed a(n) ________ strategy.
Wasted vote
What form of gerrymandering seeks to distribute opposition supporters so they represent a minority in several districts?
Wasted vote.
Asian Americans are clustered in what area of the United States?
West
Portugal and ________ are the leading places of origin for Brazil's population.
West Africa
Latinos and Hispanics are clustered in what areas of the U.S.?
West, Southwest
The first widespread use of the nation-state concept came in
Western Europe
The Green Revolution is first associated with which "miracle" seed?
Wheat
A major holiday in some pagan religions is
Winter solstice.
HDI examines education by combining two separate measures.
Years of schooling for adults and the expected years of school for youth
Wealthy, younger, highly educated individuals in Houston are classified by the market segmentation analyst group Neilson Claritas as
Young Digerati
the most prominent structure in the ancient city of Ur was the stepped temple called the _______, which was built about 4,000 years ago.
Ziggurat
A person from Alabama is more likely to be an adherent of
a Baptist church.
In the geopolitical sphere, a balance of power is
a condition of roughly equal strength between opposing sides, as if they were two equally matched camps.
According to the sector model, the best housing is located in
a corridor from downtown to the edge of the city.
The conflict over the Aozou Strip involved
a disputed border and Libya's claims of sovereignty over the zone
FDI is defined as the investment of ________ in the economy of another country.
a foreign company
Hunting and gathering can be described as
a form of subsistence that is still practiced despite the modernization of agriculture in some areas
The difference between a frontier and a boundary is
a frontier is a tangible geographic area where a boundary is an infinitely thin line
Terrorism is NOT
a government imposing economic sanctions followed by a bombing strategy to coerce another government into behaving differently.
An example of a nationality might be
a group of Cherokee Indians living on a reservation.
A nationality is
a group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition.
The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is
a hexagon
A good example of a state is
a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an independent government and a standing army.
The Chernobyl incident in 1986 involved
a nuclear power accident.
BRIC countries represet
a potential dominant industrial bloc if they work together.
A recent change in the typical U.S. density gradient has been
a reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area.
The Trans-Dniestria is
a sliver of land on the east bank of the Dniester River in Moldova occupied largely by Russians and Ukrainians
The Paseo de la Reforma in Mexico City would be identified by the Griffin-Ford model as
a spine.
In Australia and the South Pacific,
about 1/5 of the people are nonreligious.
Factories have moved to suburban locations in part because of
access to main highways.
Despite risks to the environment, the US Gulf Coast has become an important industrial area because of
access to oil and natural gas fields
The Chicago area became a significant asset for the Western Great Lakes region owing to its steel industries and its
access to the nation's transportation network
Photovoltaic cells are a component part of
active solar energy systems
Both direct and indirect electric conversion of solar radition is associated with
active solar energy systems.
The moderate hazard rating in China does suggests that there is
additional vulnerability to desertification
Megalopolis refers to
adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
In the US many farms are integrated into a large food production industry. This is know as
agribusiness
This economic activity is largely associated with consumptive water use?
agriculture
As a country's per capita income increases, its per capita carbon dioxide emissions
also increases
If a country has a large number of publishers and globally esteemed universities, you might surmise that the country is most likely
an MDC
The Commonwealth is primarily
an economic and cultural alliance of states once part of the British Empire.
According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when
an elite group initiates innovative activities
The process of legally adding land area to a city in the U.S> is
annexation.
A country that is not fully autocratic or democratic is defined as a(n)
anocracy
Alternative fuel vehicles
answer the demand for the service of a personal vehicle and reduced fossil fuel demand.
What pair of concepts or entities from South Africa and the U.S. is the best match?
apartheid - "Jim Crow" laws
The racist laws that divided SOuth Africans were known as
apartheid.
An ethnic religion is
appealing mostly to one group of people in one place.
Cooperatives
are democratically governed organizations that improve the community.
The Kurds have a large population but
are divided among enough countries that they are a minority in every one.
Hunting and gathering societies
are found in isolated places in the world.
Fair trade is NOT a set of business practices that
are managed by individual governments.
The best way to block Asian carp from moving into the Great Lakes from the Illinois River would be the closing of locks and dams in and near Chicago; however, these waterways are not being closed because
as major transportation links for the region, they are important for Chicago's economy.
Hiduism's caste system
assigns everyone to a distinct class.
Terrorism differs from assassinated and other acts of political violence because
attacks are aimed at ordinary people
In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development
attempts to spread investment through all sectors of the economy
Turkmenistan is an example of a(n)
autocracy
Saudi Arabia is an example of a(n)
autocracy.
In the winter wheat area of the US, the crop is planted in
autumn and harvested in summer
The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote
balanced growth of all economic sectors
The attraction of the outsourced "offshore banking" industry can best be explained by
bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries.
A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a
basic industry
Followers of primal indigenous ethnic religions do
believe everything is spiritual, believe in narratives that are specific to a physical landscape, invoke shamanistic spirits to affect the lives of the living, and generally live in the Southeast Asia and the South Pacific. But, the do NOT believe in multiple gods.
The US is the
biggest consumer of illegal drugs
According to the United States Census Bureau, a Mexican American might also be considered a member of which races?
black, white, or another
Neighborhood changes in ethnicity are sometimes caused by the illegal practice of
blockbusting.
The highest hazard regions tend to
border existing arid regions
The U.S. government was encouraged the use of cars in part by
building interstate highways.
Fabricated metal production is an example of a
bulk-gaining industry
Beer bottling is an example of a
bulk-gaining industry.
A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a
bulk-reducing industry
Back-office functions are also called
business-process outsourcing.
What is LEAST likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture?
butter
The "Boswash" corridor that stretches from Boston to Washington, D.C., was named "Megalopolis"
by geographer Jean Gottmann.
Gregorian calendars are
calendars that are now used by Protestants and Roman Catholics.
Breathing or consuming toxic wastes
can cause cancer, chronic ailments or immediate death.
Both universalizing and ethnic religions
can diffuse to different populations around the world.
25 US states have so called "right to work" laws that..
cause a great deal of trouble for labor unions attempting to organize workers and bargain with employers.
In a simplified model of a city, the zone where retail and office activities are clustered is the
central business district (CBD)
In the U.S., what defines a city covering the largest functional area?
central city
The fact that Scotland held a public referendum on whether or not to remain a part of the United Kingdom in 2014 suggests a very strong
centrifugal force.
What is a sovereign state that comprises an urban area and the surrounding countryside?
city-state
The first states in ancient Mesopotamia were
city-states, which incorporated cities as well as their countryside
The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates have similar
climate
The most important reason why most farmers in NE China grow crops other than wet rice is
climate
Afghanistan is an example of a(n)
closed anocracy
Based on previous redlining policies, minority groups in U.S. cities are more likely to be
clustered in inner-city neighborhoods
In U.S. cities, the underclass is largely
clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.
Compared to the US, poor families in European cities are more likely to be
clustered in suburbs.
Petroleum reserves in Southwest Asia and North Africa are
clustered primarily on the Arabian Peninsula
A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement?
clustered rural
Hydroelectric power is the second most popular source of electricity after
coal.
Most of the conflict in Africa is widespread because of
colonial boundaries in the midst of numerous ethnic and national groups.
The attempt by one country to impose political control over another territory is
colonialism.
A territory tied to a state rather than being completely independent is a
colony.
The principle purpose of holidays in universalizing religions is to
commemorate events in the founder's life.
The predominate form of agriculture in the US SE is
commercial gardening
Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of
commuting.
The Gender Inequality Index (GII)
compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country.
Mahayanists, in contrast to Theravadists, emphasize Buddhaʹs
compassion.
Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of
competition for limited space
President Barack Obama is a good example of the
complexity of ethnic identity in the United States.
The step of the copper production process that involves the crushing and grinding of particles is
concentration
Demand to use congested roads has been reduced in a number of ways including
congestion charges and tolls.
This method of soil cultivation reduces soil erosion and runoff.
conservation tillage
The secondary sector of the economy includes
construction
Beliefs concerning the origin of the universe are
cosmogony.
A stimulus strategy is introduced by governments to
counter negative conditions of economic downturns
Mixing crops and livestock allows farmers to
create a system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for crop fertilization
Farming varies around the world because of ________ across space.
cultural and environmental factors.
The U.S. Steel Production
decreased from 14% in 1980 to 6% in 2013
Brazil is an example of a(n)
democracy
Spain is an example of a(n)
democracy.
Lutheranism is an example of a Christian
denomination
A number of local congregations united in a single legal and administrative body is a
denomination.
The degradation of land due to human action such as excessive crop planting, deforestation, and land grazing is
desertification
A feature of the physical environment commonly used to separate states includes
deserts, mountains, rivers, and lakes, but not geometry
Sprawl is the
develepment of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area.
East Asia's industrial areas
developed based largely on export-oriented manufacturing of electronics.
The fact that meat accounts for one-third of all protein intake in developed countries but only one-tenth in developing ones suggests
developed nations can afford more meat per capita
The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is
directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, industry was geographically
dispersed
For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been
dispersed around the world.
Sunni and Shi'ite represent branches of Islam based on
disputes over religious leadership.
Urban residents are generally more tolerant of ________ than are the residents of rural communities, but residents of urban settlements often feel that they are surrounded by people who are indifferent and reserved.
diverse social behavior
The Kurds are likely to be found
divided among Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran
When a country experiences food insecurity, it
does not have physical, social, and economic access to safe and nutritious food.
To increase crop yields, farmers in South China commonly practice
double cropping
The underclass is characterized in part by high rates of
drug addiction and illiteracy.
Southwest Asia and Western Europe are major destinations for Muslim migrants because
economic opportunities are better than in country of origin.
Global cities are identified and ranked by a combination of
economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors.
Consumer services include
educational, retail, wholesale, health and social, leisure, and hospitality jobs.
France's large Muslim population is largely a result of
emigration from former French colonies.
An example of white flight is the
emigration of whites from central Los Angeles as blacks were arriving.
A(n) _________ is a place with high concentration of an ethnic group distinct from a surrounding area.
enclave
Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more
energy efficiency.
The electric grid across the US hasn't been standardized to
ensure efficiency and reliable delivery of service.
Detroit us trying to shut down and close off __________ because the city cannot afford to pay for street lights, garbage pickup, and police protection for the entire 360 km sq.
entire neighborhoods
State support for terrorism is seen to not include
establishing a political party representing terrorist grievances.
Balkanization is the fragmentation of political space along ________ lines.
ethnic
The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called
ethnic cleansing.
An examination of the distribution of ethnicities in the United States reveals
ethnic groups tend to cluster in urban areas and in different U.S. regions.
The republics of the former Soviet Union were established based on
ethnic lines
Korea is a good example of a
ethnicity divided between more than one state
This term describes a specifically suburban area with a significant population of a particular ethnic group.
ethnoburb
A choropleth map might conceal details such as that
even in developed countries where the average person spends less than 20% of their income on food, inequalities of income may be great enough for many people to remain undernourished.
Economic and political cooperation in the European Union doesn't take the form of
every member country having to adopt the Euro currency.
A presence of 'pond scum of algae' represents
excessive aquatic plant production due to farm fertilizer run off.
The two Germanys
existed separately from 1949 to 1990
The Serbian policy against Bosnian Muslims ultimately
expanded its national territory by eliminating Bosnian enclaves.
The Fertile Crescent
extended from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea and was the location of the first city-states in the Middle East
The pull factor that was a significant factor for African Americans to move south to north in the early to mid-20th century was
factory jobs with higher wages.
Record food prices, according to the UN, are attributed to
failure of NAFTA to address agriculture subsidies
In less developed countries, consumer goods such as telephones, television, and moter vehicles are
familiar to many but owned by relatively few
The process that includes subdividing a house from single-family over occupancy to multiple occupancy is
filtering.
Chinese tradition and African traditional represent which type of religion?
folk
The greatest challenge to world food supply has been
food prices
Immediately after World War II, new political boundaries resulted in
force migration of millions of Europeans to new territories on the continent.
The 18th and 19th century slave trade represents _____________ African migration while the 20th century relaxation of U.S. immigration quotas resulted in _____________ Latin American and Asia migration.
forced; voluntary
NATO membership expanded immediately after the dissolution of the USSR to include
former Warsaw Pact countries
Unlike other forms of commercial agriculture, plantations are
found primarily in less developed countries
Chile is an example of a(n)
full democracy
One of the most important ways a group can maintain its distinctive cultural identity in a globalized world is found through
fundamentalism.
Since 1990, most countries have seen an increase in
gender equality
Since 1990, most countries have seen a decline in previous patterns of
gender inequality
The UN argues that
gender inequality is a major factor that keeps a country from achieving a higher level of development
The shape and size of the Aozou Strip makes it an example of a
geometric boundary
The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power is called
gerrymandering.
An increasing number of states have adopted a federal form of government primarily to
grant different ethnicities or nationalities more effective representation.
The potential use of a service at a location is related directly to population and inversely to distance in the
gravity model
Compared to the UK, the amount of sprawl in the US is
greater
Compared to shifting cultivation, intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by the
greater use of animal power
British cities are surrounded by open space known as
greenbelts
Cyprus
has a UN Peacekeeping force patrolling the buffer zone.
The European Union
has as its main objective to promote development within member states through economic and political cooperation.
China's steel industry
has grown due to proximity to primary inputs such as iron ore and coal.
The Po River basin in Italy
has inexpensive hydroelectricity from the Alps
The landscape of Quebec is distinguished from neighboring Canadian provinces and the United States partly because it
has numerous religious toponyms.
People are more productive in more developed countries because they
have access to more technology
Mexico's maquiladora plants
have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets.
Given the colonial history of each continent, which characteristic distinguishes religion in South America from North America?
having a Roman Catholic majority
The dominance of Christianity was assured during the fourth century Roman Empire largely due to
hierarchical diffusion.
Sub-Saharan Africa's fragile states' status may be attributed to
high pop. growth and poor health, extreme poverty, ethnic tensions and ethnic cleansing, problematic shapes, but not alignment with the Soviet Union during the Cold War
Canadian representation of women is
higher than the US in elected positions
Protestants in Ireland are
highly clustered in one part of the island.
The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the
hinterland.
Terrorist activities
hold every citizen responsible and view them as culpable for the actions they oppose and therefore view citizens as legitimate targets
According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby
hotels and warehouses
Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in what climate region?
humid low-latitude
Race is often described as
identification with a group that is perceived to share a physiologic trait such as skin color.
According to the international trade approach to development, a country shouldn't identify
imports that it should limit
The Euro is a common currency
in 19 EU member states and 6 non-member states.
Chicago's African American population is largely concentrated
in South and West Chicago.
An ethnic religion typically has less widespread distribution of its holy places because
in large parts their holy places derive from the physical characteristic of its hearth.
The Chernobyl incident occurred
in the Soviet Union
The cottage industry system involved manufacturing
in the home
Carbon Dioxide emissions were approximately 300 PPM
in the year 1900 and 375 PPM in the year 2000
The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is
inability to repay loans
The multiple nuclei model
includes nodes such as a port, an university, airport, and a park
Over the past 60 years, the # of sovereign state memberships in the UN
increased by more than 50 countries
African Americans migrated out of the U.S. South partly as a consequence of
increased farm mechanization leading to a decreased demand for farm labor.
Between 1980 and 2013, the share of global steel production from developing countries
increased from 19% to 73% of the total, if Russia is considered a developing country.
From 1910 to 1950, population density of African Americans in ghettos
increased.
What is NOT a strategy for increasing food supply?
increasing tariffs on grain exports
A land use typically excluded from a NA CBD is
industrial.
The IHDI of Latin American countries is
inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries
The IHDI of the US is
inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries
During the latter half of the 20th century, distinctive intraregional migration of African Americans was represented by
inner city to outer city and inner suburban neighborhoods.
Subsistence farmers are able to increase food supply by
intensifying production through increased labor supply and the addition of new techniques.
The largest proportion of farmers in Asia practice
intensive subsistence
What type of agriculture occupies the largest % of southeastern China?
intensive subsistence
What type of agriculture occupies the largest % of eastern India?
intensive subsistence.
In contrast to Fordist production, Post-Fordist production is more likely to
introduce more flexible work rules
The U.S. steel industry moved westward in the 19th century primarily because of better access to
iron ore
The Aozou Strip
is a disputed zone that abuts Niger on the West and Sudan on the East.
A frontier, in contrast to a boundary,
is an area rather than a line
The current era of transportation development
is characterized by electronic control of transportation systems.
The barrier between Israel and the West Bank
is controversial because it places about 10% of Palestinian land in Israeli territory.
Air pollution
is generated from power plants, factories, and motor vehicles
Gerrymandering
is the redrawing of legislative boundaries by both parties.
When a country concentrates on international trade, it
isn't seen to promote political and economic equity
The potential for increasing the use of biomass for fuel is limited because
it already serves an essential purpose other than energy, including providing food and shelter
Judaism us classified as an ethnic rather than an universalizing religion, partly because
it commemorates the Exodus from Egypt.
One approach the WTO doesn't take to reduce barriers to trade is
it discourages subsidies on exports
Afghanistan is important to the world drug trade primarily because
it produces about 90% of the world's opium
Ethnicity is important because
it reinforces diversity in the face of the globalization of culture
Severe gender inequality is a challenge to development because
it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women.
The World Bank and the IMF were established
just before the end of WWII
An industry in which employee costs are a high percentage of expenses is called
labor intensive industry.
What factor of production is geographically fixed?
land
What was an important cultural characteristic of boundaries in 19th century France, Spain, and Portugal?
language
Eastern North America became the continent's manufacturing center in part because it had access to the continent's
largest markets
The Industrial Revolution began in the
late 1700s
The Antarctic section of the Pacific Ocean annually contributes
less than 1 million tons of aquatic catch
Farmers in more developed and less developed countries share what kind of problems?
limited profitability
A major practice of sustainable agriculture is
limited use of chemicals
Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of
literacy
Development analysts expect that a more developed country will have a
low GII and a high HDI
US Public Law 480, passed in 1954, provides for
low interest rate grain sales
Social conditions in inner cities don't include
low paying jobs being sufficient but skills aren't present in inner city population.
Compared to other industries, aluminum manufacturers are more likely to locate near sources of
low-cost hydroelectricity.
Public housing is
low-income government-owned housing.
The strongest criticism of suburbs argued that historically,
low-income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the housing, the unfriendliness (or discrimination) of established residents, and fears that property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property there.
U.S. inner cities face fiscal problems because
low-income people are concentrated there.
What is generally NOT a typical practice in growing rice in Asia?
machine harvesting and winnowing
What is the purpose of crop rotation?
maintaining the fertility of fields
The US has natural gas fields in
many different areas
A central place is a
market center.
The primary factor in von Thunen's model for choosing commercial farm products is
market location
Minimills are more likely than integrated steel mills to select locations because of access to
markets
Producers of automobiles select assembly plant locations primarily for their closer access to
markets for finished automobiles
Before the advent of the shopping mall, what is the least likely to be found in a CBD?
medical services
Extremely small island-states in the world, many of which are former European colonies, are called
microstates
In addition to integrated mills, about one-fourth of U.S. steel production is now attributed to
minimills which utilize scrap metal in many US locations
Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to
minimize transport costs
Because the motor vehicle assembly industry is typically described as a bulk-gaining industry as well as a just-in-time delivery system, the most important factor when selecting a location for a new Toyota or Honda assembly plant in the United States might be
minimizing the cost of shipping finished vehicles to its customers
An example of a primary sector activity is
mining
What explains the disappearance of African traditional religions between 1900 and 2010?
missionaries and colonial presence
The most common form of commercial agriculture in continental Europe between France and Russia is
mixed crop and livestock farming
A GMO
mixes genetic material from species that would not otherwise mix in nature
A company which uses more than one ________ will often locate near break-of-bulk points.
mode of transport
The belief in the existence of only one god is
monotheism.
Asian American population in Texas is
more concentrated in the urban areas in the northeast and southeast.
The NW Pacific Ocean annually contributes
more than 20 million tons of aquatic catch
Although most settlements in North America were not planned for religious purposes,
most were built with a church at the center of the settlement.
North America's industrial areas have
much of the region's industry concentrated around or near the Great Lakes.
A(n) ______________ is a state that contains more than one ethnicity with traditions of self-determination and self-government.
multinational state
As a crime against humanity, ethnic cleansing is defined by the United Nations as involving
murder, arbitrary arrest and detention, rape and sexual assaults, and forcible removal and deportation, but not trials.
Loyalty and devotion to a state that represents a particular group's culture is
nationalism.
When a U.S. politician attempts to appeal to the widest number of voters, she or he probably appeals to concepts of shared
nationality.
Fracking is most closely associated with extracting
natural gas
Three types of disruptions can affect just-in-time delivery manufacturing:
natural hazards, traffic, labor unrest
Religious maps indicate that in South America,
nearly all of the people are Christians.
Australia, India, and Indonesia are
net exporters
The Palestinian Authority is not a
neutral body engaged in arbitrating differences over the settlements in the West Bank.
Urbanization can be analyzed by looking at the increase in the ________ of people living in cities.
number and percentage
According to Homer Hoyt's sector model, once a district with high-class housing is established, the most expensive new housing is built
on the outer edge of that district, farther out from the center.
Buddhism began to diffuse eastward to China
only when trade routes were actively traveled.
Zimbabwe is an example of a(n)
open anocracy
Iraq is an example of a(n)
open anocracy.
In the US, public transportation systems are
operating at a loss.
Consumer owned cooperative movements
originated in the nineteenth century as an outgrowth to conditions created by the Industrial Revolution.
The new international division of labor reflects the growing importantce of
outsourcing
Large numbers of employees of suburban businesses may suffer hardships because they do not
own automobiles in an urban landscape where public transportation systems.
What accounts for the largest share of solid waste in the US?
paper products
A food desert is usually associated with
parts of the country where fresh fruit, vegetables, and other healthful whole foods are unavailable, usually found in impoverished areas.
A greenhouse is an example of a(n)
passive solar energy system
Ranching is practiced in a climate region most similar to that of what other type of agriculture?
pastoral nomadism
What type of agriculture occupies the largest % of Iran?
pastoral nomadism
What type of agriculture occupies the largest % of Somalia
pastoral nomadism.
The Cuban Missile Crisis was not negotiated and settled
peacefully at the UN
Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have lower
percentages of GNI spent on education
Saudi Arabia has successfully employed the international trade alternative primarily because of
petroleum reserves
What type of boundary coincides with significant features of the landscape?
physical
The boundary between Argentina and Chile is an example of a
physical boundary
The Hajj is a ______ by Muslims going to ___________
pilgrimage; Mecca.
The key elements of nationalism include all but
political structure.
What might be the contemporary basis for conflicting claims to the Arctic?
potential for energy resources
People in the United States are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by
private land surrounding the house.
The most significant anticipated benefit of the enclosure movement was to
promote agricultural efficiency.
The OAS
promotes social, cultural, political, and economic links among member states in the Western Hemisphere
The Germans established the ______________ known as the Caprivi Strip in present-day Namibia to access resources in central Africa, including the Zambezi River.
proruption
The supply of energy remaining in discovered deposits is
proven reserve
Aerial photography in the Balkans was critical in
providing critical evidence to prosecute Serbian leaders for war crimes.
An adjustment made to the GNI to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods is a
purchasing power parity (PPP)
The decline in the number of farmers in MDCs can best be described as a consequence of
push/pull economic factors, including the lack of opportunity in rural areas and higher-paying jobs in urban areas
The traits that characterized the now generally rejected classification of ________ are not place specific.
race
During the Industrial Revolution,
rail lines connected London to many parts of the island of Britain by 1848.
The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is
range.
The hierarchical listing of settlements by size is known as the
rank-size rule.
In terms of GII, most African countries have
rates far below the United States and Western Europe.
A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for improvements is
redlining
The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A.D. brought about what change in urban settlements?
reduction in urban population
The only step of the copper production process that is not significantly bulk-reducing is
refining.
Religion is a good example of the tension between globalization and local diversity because
religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that may conflict with others.
With respect to the relationship between culture, religion, and the physical environment,
religious ideas may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical environment.
Christianity first diffused from its hearth through
relocation diffusion.
Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism
remained primarily concentrated in one region of the world.
Restoration of a 1967 Mustang is an example of
remanufacturing
The role of the International Boundary and Water Commission run by the U.S. and Mexican governments is to
renegotiate borders after the Rio Grande changes course
Turkish nationalism has often involved
repression of the Kurds.
Traditional barriers to international trade have included
requiring licenses for importers
European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain
retail and office activities.
According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of
rings
The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused mainly by
rivalries among ethnicities.
The split between the Roman Catholic branch and the Orthodox branch of Christianity was due to a(n)
rivalry between the Pope of Rome and the Patriarchy of Constantinople.
As part of the triangular slave trade system, ships bound for Europe carried
rum and molasses.
The example of Jerusalem indicates that in regards to the geographic landscape,
sacred sites may be equally important to universalizing and ethnic religions.
Jerusalem's geography represents a particularly difficult religious conflict to resolve because
sacred sites of Jews and Muslims are literally built on top of one another.
Democracies and autocracies differ in three essential ways; they are
selection of leaders, citizen participation, and checks and balances
The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves is known as
self determination
The categories of The Cosmopolitans and Bohemian Mix suggest
self segregation.
Metal fabrication plants are an example of a bulk-gaining industry because
separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive projects
The Brown v. Board of Education court decision ruled that
separate schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional.
Large-scale migration occurred in South Asia after 1947 primarily because of the
separation of religious groups.
The primary sector of the economy includes
sheep herding
What type of agriculture occupies the largest % of central Africa?
shifting cultivation
What type of agriculture occupies the largest % of eastern Peru?
shifting cultivation.
Although transportation costs rise because of intermittent break-of-bulk points, we can surmise that over very long distances the lowest-cost form of transporting goods is by
ship
Containerization was developed to facilitate long-distance transport by _________ before transferring trucks and trains.
ship
Inner city population densities were generally ________, speaking to the quality of life in inner cities.
significantly higher
What two location factors influence more industries to remain in the northeastern United States and northwestern Europe?
skilled labor and rapid delivery to market
The spatial clustering of high tech industry in Silicon Valley was a result of
skilled labor and venture capital
Brazil's census classifies its population according to
skin color.
In Maryland, soil preservationists produced a new composite map by combining in their GIS
soil quality, environmental, and economic maps
Baptists are clustered in what part of the United States?
southern
A state with control over its internal affairs has
sovereignty
After maize, the most important crop in the U.S. mixed crop and livestock region is
soybeans
A geographer researching the practices of Tibetan Buddhists as well as the world travels of the Dalai Lama is studying?
spatial connections in the religion
When geographers study the sites where religions originated as well as the processes by which those religions diffused to other locations, they are focusing on the
spatial connections in the religion.
HDI is function of
standard of living, education, and health.
The shift in steel production locations in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century can best be described as
starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the Midwest before ending up on the East and West coasts, as well as the Great Lakes region.
An area organized into an independent political unit is a
state
What is NOT associated with post-Fordist production?
steep organizational chart
One finds the highest rate of women's labor force participation in
sub-Saharan Africa
What is the Least developed region?
sub-Saharan Africa, second is South Asia
The UN experienced
substantial growth in membership since the 1960s when the colonial powers vacated African nations.
Edge cities emerged as a consequence of
suburbanization
The largest component of the U.S. population lives in
suburbs.
Factories have reduced demand for petroleum by
switching to natural gas
Mexico's maquiladora plants may be
taking advantage of lax environmental enforcement
Richard Florida's research identified a relationship between the distribution of
talent and cultural diversity
Austerity programs
target cuts in government spending on welfare benefits
What technical development has allowed back-office functions to relocate to LDCs?
telecommunications
Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy?
tertiary
In 2002 the Organization of African Unity was replaced by
the African Union
During the 1967 Six Day War, Israel captured a significant amount of territory including all but
the Becca Valley (Lebanon owns this)
The core of Islamic beliefs rests on
the Five Pillars.
The world's largest landfill is thought to be
the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
The Crusades were a series of European military campaigns to assume control of
the Holy Land.
The UN, when established after WWII, replaced an earlier global cooperation effort known as
the League of Nations
A person from Minnesota is more likely to be an adherent of
the Lutheran church.
Serbian ethnic cleansing in Kosovo led to
the NATO bombing campaign.
The eastern part of the border between the United States and Mexico is delineated by
the Rio Grande
Political unity in the ancient Mediterranean world reached its height in
the Roman Empire
The conflict in the Ukraine started as a result of
the Russian minority declaring they were endangered in Ukraine
Israel has controlled all of Jerusalem since
the Six-Day War in 1967.
Canada's most important industrial area is
the St. Lawrence Valley and Ontario Peninsula.
The Western Europe's principal industrial areas include
the UK, Rhine-Ruhr valley, Mid-Rhine, and Northern Italy, but not Portugal and western Spain.
Empowerment refers to
the ability of women to achieve economic and political power
Animism is
the belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.
A racist believes in
the biological classification of people and the superiority of some groups over others on the basis of racial identity.
Balkanization refers to
the breakdown of a state due to conflicts among ethnicities
As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by
the construction of skyscrapers.
A significant drawback to wind power is
the cost of the turbines requires significant capital investment.
Given the earlier history of the chemical industry combining with advent of fossil fuel use in industry, we can hypothesize that its twentieth-century contributions to the textile industry would include
the creation of synthetic fabrics
The Green Revolution is best described as
the diffusion of more productive agriculture techniques in the 1970s and 1980s.
Social area analysis attempts to explain
the distribution of different types of people in an urban area.
Per capita GDP is a poor indicator for
the distribution of wealth within a country
The diversity of church appearances throughout the Western hemisphere is in part due to
the diversity of local building materials.
African Americans are clustered in what part of Colorado?
the eastern half of the state
African Americans are clustered in what part of North Carolina?
the eastern half of the state
One of the significant pull factors causing Jewish migration was
the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.
The Baha'i New Year begins on
the first day of spring.
The increase in Earth's temperature, caused by carbon dioxide trapping some radiation emitted from the earth's surface, is called
the greenhouse effect
The copper industry in the US has
the largest number of foundries in California, Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania
The higher the GDP of a country,
the less equal its income distribution
What is NOT a strong centripetal force in the United States?
the many ethnic groups living in the U.S.
The US, Mexico, Canada, Australia, and Russia are
the most likely o suffer an obesity epidemic in the near future
Kenya, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Chad are
the most likely to suffer food shortages and/or undernourishment in the near future
The direction and frequency of hunter-gatherer migration depended on
the movement of game and the seasonal growth of plants.
The peripheral model is most closely associated with
the multiple nuclei model.
Global cities are defined by
the number and type of business services found there.
Changes in US manufacturing between 1950 to 2015 indicate that
the number of manufacturing hobs increased in California and Colorado, which are not "right -to-work" states.
Per capita GDP is a good indicator for
the potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life
Protestantism originated with
the principles of Reformation and the theses of Martin Luther.
Development is best defined as
the process of improving the conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.
The "clean 15" represent
the produce that represents the least amount of pesticide presence.
The chief concentrations of manufacturing in East Asia's industrial areas include
the river valley east of Wuhan.
The energy efficiency of a hybrid car is tied to
the use of a gasoline engine at high speeds, whereas at low speeds an electric motor takes over; moreover, energy that would have otherwise escaped as heat is captured and stored while the car is coasting and braking.
In the 21st century, the US has witnessed
the wealthiest 1% of the pop. control more of the wealth since the 1970s
Farmers in LDCs choose to grow drug crops for export primarily because of
their market value in MDCs
If the IHDI is less than the HDI, this indicates
there are higher levels of inequality in that country than there are in the world.
In the African American population in Arkansas,
there is more of a concentration in the southern part of the state.
In the Hispanic population in Idaho,
there is more of a concentration in the southern part of the state.
Ethnicities in the same country come into conflict partly because
they have conflicting traditions of self-rule.
Cities tend to situate convention centers and sports complexes in their CBDs because
they hope to stimulate more business for downtown restaurants, bars, and hotels.
The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the
threshold.
The U.S.-Canadian border was established
through a series of treaties between the United States and the United Kingdom.
In 1947, a Muslim family living in central India likely felt pressure to migrate
to the northwestern border and then to Pakistan.
In 1947, a Hindu family living in Pakistan or Northwestern India likely felt pressure to migrate
to the south, southeast, or east away from Muslim-controlled areas.
In the Midwest states, farm fields are more likely to be damaged by
too much rain
GDP is the
total value of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year
The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is
transhumance.
Major sources of FDI in terms of frequency and dollar amount are
transnational corporations
What has aided commercial farmers in MDCs?
transportation improvements, scientific advances, and electronics
What is not primarily a consumer service?
transportation services
The type of agriculture practiced near large cities, which includes producing fruits and vegetables, is called
truck farming
The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is
unequal distribution of resources
A state which places most power in the hands of a central government is a(n)
unitary state
A religion that is spatially widespread and philosophically inclusive of all potential adherents is described as a(n)
universalizing religion.
Prime agricultural land in the US is being replaced with
urban land uses
The city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is the
urbanized area.
According to the UN, to reduce pollution and fossil fuel dependency will require
use of carbon capture and storage mechanisms.
Oneida, New York, and New Harmony, Indiana, began as
utopian settlements
The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is
value added
Periodic markets are likely to feature
vendors who move from town to town
Maintaining control over all phases of a highly complex production process, as opposed to outsourcing, is known as
vertical integration
__________ model is used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farm.
von Thunen's
The attractions of shopping malls don't include
walking distance from homes
The Industrial Revolution
was a gradual diffusion of new ideas in industry and social, economic, and political inventions.
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
was established in 1960 to control oil, profits, and pricing
The share of manufacturing in developed countries
was roughly equal to manufacturing in developing countries in the early 1980s.
Yugoslavia's nationality
was socially constructed through a heavy-handed authoritarian leadership.
The boundary between the United States and Canada is best described by
water and geometric
European railways
were built in northern England before they appeared in southern England
In Germany, Catholics are the majority in the _________ and _________, while Protestants are the majority in the __________
west; southeast; north
Sawah and Paddy are terms most closely associated with
wet rice
The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city
where Jews were forced to live.
What fuel source has declined the most since the 1900s?
wood
The largest number of daily trips are made primarily for
work.
What do critics charge are some effects of Structural Adjustment Programs for refinancing loans to LDCs?
workers in state enterprises losing their jobs and support for dependent citizens being cut
A legal form of segregation in U.S. cities is achieved through
zoning.
