APHY 102 ch 24

Indicate two names used to describe the birth control method that consists of the removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.

-coitus interruptus -withdrawal method by

Which layer of the uterus undergoes regular, recurring changes during the menstrual cycle?

endometrium

In a mature sperm cell, the region indicated by "A" is the ______; the region of a sperm cell indicated by "B" is the ______; the region of a sperm cell indicated by "C" is the ______.

midpiece; head; flagellum

Which contraceptive method prevents pregnancy by interfering with ovulation?

morning after pill

At puberty, FSH levels increase and the ovaries enlarge. Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles mature into ______ follicles.

primary

Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles first mature into ______.

primary follicles

Which of the following is not a function of the female reproductive system?

produce FSH and LH

The male external reproductive organs are the penis and the sac-like structure called the _______.

scrotum

Indicate which of the following structures are male external reproductive organs.

scrotum and penis

Which two cells are released from the mature antral follicle during ovulation?

secondary oocyte and first polar body

In the female, the internal accessory reproductive organs are a pair of uterine tubes, a(n) ______, and a(n) ______.

uterus and vagina

All of the following are components of the vulva except the ______.

vagina

What is the term for the cessation of menstruation that occurs at midlife?

menopause

Indicate which organs secrete hormones that control male reproductive functions.

-anterior pituitary gland -testes -hypothalamus

Indicate the four statements that describe a vasectomy.

-After a vasectomy, sperm cells are excluded from the semen. -It involves removing a section of the vas deferens and tying the cut ends. -It is an operation that produces few side effects. -It is one of the most reliable forms of contraception.

Most androgens are produced by the _______ cells of the testes, but the adrenal ______ also synthesizes small amounts.

-Interstitial -Cortex

Indicate which of the following statements are true about the injectable contraception method medroxyprogesterone acetate

-It may take 10-18 months after the last injection for the effects to wear off. -It makes the uterine lining less hospitable for a developing embryo. -It prevents maturation and release of a secondary oocyte (ovulation).

Which two statements describe chemical barrier contraceptives?

-They create an unfavorable environment in the vagina for sperm cells. -They include creams, foams, and jellies.

The midpiece of the sperm cell is indicated by the letter ________; the head is indicated by letter ______.

A b

Where are androgens produced?

Adrenal cortex and testes

Why is the term sexually transmitted infection replacing the term sexually transmitted disease?

Because a person may transmit the pathogen to others but not develop the symptoms of the disease.

True or false: During prophase I, homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called fertilization.

False

How does an intrauterine device (IUD) prevent pregnancy?

It inhibits endometrial growth so implantation does not occur.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces the anterior pituitary to secrete the two gonadotropins: ______ and ______.

LH and FSH

Although mammary glands in males and females are similar, the development of mammary glands is different in males and females. Why?

Ovarian hormones stimulate development of mammary glands in females.

Indicate the three male accessory glands.

Prostate, bulbourethral gland, seminal vesicle

This is a picture of an intrauterine device (IUD). Which of the following statements are true about this device?

Some IUDs create a hostile environment for sperm and inhibit endometrial growth to prevent implantation.

In the image, the arrow indicates the male reproductive organ called the _______.

Testes

Which three statements are true about erection of the penis?

The penis swells and elongates. Nitric oxide increases blood flow into erectile tissue. The increasing pressure of arterial blood in erectile tissue compresses the veins.

If used correctly, combined hormone contraceptives prevent pregnancy nearly 100% of the time. How do they work?

They deliver estrogen and progestin to prevent pregnancy.

The uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia are examples of a female's ______ sex organs

accessory

Select the correct sequence of components of mammary glands through which milk is secreted

alveolar gland → alveolar duct → lactiferous duct → nipple

List three components of the vulva

clitoris, labia majora, labia minora

An example of a mechanical barrier contraceptive is a sheath called a(n) ______ that prevents sperm from entering the vagina and/or reaching the cervix.

condom

Which is an example of a mechanical barrier birth control method?

condoms

What is an example of a chemical barrier contraceptive?

cream, foam, or jelly

The female reproductive system produces and maintains the female sex cells, called _______.

eggs

The female reproductive cycle is characterized by regular, recurring changes in the ______, which culminate in menstrual bleeding (menses

endometrium

During sexual stimulation, parasympathetic impulses release nitric oxide (NO) that dilates arteries of the penis causing accumulation of blood; the penis swells and elongates, producing an ________.

erection

Combined hormone contraceptives deliver _____ and _____ to prevent pregnancy.

estrogen or estradiol; progestin or progesterone

Which two hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in males?

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

The process of meiosis produces ______ genetically ______ cells.

four different

The products of the process of meiosis are ______.

four genetically unique daughter cells

The root word that means origin is .

genesis or -genesis

Homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called crossing-over. What does this process produce?

genetically unique (different) sister chromatids

Male reproductive functions are controlled by secretions from which three of the following?

hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and testes

At puberty, the ______ begins secreting increasing amounts of GnRH, which stimulate the ______ to release FSH and LH, which act on the ______ to promote female sex cell maturation and sex hormone release.

hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries

Which organs control maturation of female gametes, development of secondary sex characteristics, and changes in the monthly reproductive cycle?

hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries

The term sexually transmitted ______ is replacing the term sexually transmitted ______ because a person can be infected with a pathogen and transmit the pathogen to others but not develop the symptoms of the disease.

infection and disease

What type of contraceptive is medroxyprogesterone acetate?

injectable contraceptive

The mammary glands are composed of 15-20 ______, which each drain into ______ that open to the outside at the nipple.

lobes; lactiferous ducts

Sperm are the sex cells of which gender?

males

The process of ______ results in the formation of haploid cells with one set of genetic instructions carried on 23 chromosomes, while the process of ______ results in the formation of diploid cells with two sets of 23 chromosomes.

meiosis and mitosis

The process of the maturation of an oocyte is called ______.

oogenesis

The meaning of the word element "-genesis" is ______.

origin

In the female reproductive system, the pair of solid, ovoid structures that are located in the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity are the ______.

ovaries

The solid, ovoid organs of the female reproductive system, located in shallow depressions in the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity, are called the ______.

ovaries

A morning-after-pill prevents pregnancy by interfering with ______.

ovulation

A couple abstains from intercourse for several days a month, around the time of ovulation. What is the name of the contraception method?

rhythm method

Which birth control method requires abstinence from sexual intercourse two days before and one day after ovulation?

rhythm method

The three male accessory glands are: the ______ vesicles, ______ gland, and bulbourethral glands.

seminal; prostate

uterine tube

site of fertilization

Sex cells produced by the male gonads are called ______.

sperm

The male reproductive structures function to produce ______ cells and introduce them into the vagina.

sperm

Indicate two roles of the male reproductive system.

spermatogenesis secrete hormones vital to maintaining secondary sex characteristics

Name the undifferentiated spermatogenic cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes, found in the periphery of the seminiferous tubules.

spermatogonia

Undifferentiated diploid spermatogenic cells are called ______.

spermatogonia

Two endocrine organs (hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland) and a male reproductive organ ( ___________ ), secrete hormones that maintain sperm cell production and oversee the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.

testes, testicle, or testis