Appendicular Division of Skeletal System

The pelvic girlde consists of

2 hip bones, pelvic bones or coxal bones

There are _____ bones in the lower limb

30 (femur, patella, tibia, fibula, 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges)

The ankle, or tarsus, contains ____ tarsal bones

7: talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiform bones

How many bones form the wrist and what are the categories

8 bones, 4 proximal carpal bones and 4 distal carpal bones

The fibula does not form part of the knee joint nor does it bend, but if it fractures walking is difficult. Why?

Although the fibula is not part of the knee joint and does not bear weight, it is an important point of attachment for many leg muscles. When the fibula is fractured, these muscles can't function properly to move the leg and walking is difficult and painful. The fibula also helps stabilize the ankle joint.

Where does the weight of the body rest during dorsiflexion? During plantar flexion?

During dorsiflexion (digging in the heels) all of the body weight rests on the calcaneus During plantar flexion (standing on tiptoes) the talus and calcaneus transfer the weight to the metatarsal bones and phalanges through more anterior tarsal bones

The supraglenoid tubercle is the origin of what muscle

Long head of biceps brachii

What fracture site is common with clavicles

Medial portion - because falling on the palm of an outstretched hand produces compressive forces that are conducted to the clavicle and its joint with the manubrium of the sternum

Which bone(s) forms the wrist joint

Only the radius, the articular cartilage and an articulating disc separate the ulna from teh wrist

what is the function of the olecranon

Point of the elbow, during extension of the elbow, the olecranon swings into the olecranon fossa on the posterior surface of the humerus to prevent overextension

Which forearm bone is lateral in the anatomical position

Radius

What are the proximal bones of the wrist called

Scaphoid, lunate, triquestrum and pisiform

Which bone is the only direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton

The clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum, this provides the only direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton

Compared to males, how is the female pelvis adapted for childbirth

The female pelvis is adapted for supporting the weight of the developing fetus and allowing the newborn to pass through the pelvic outlet during delivery. Compared to males, such adaptations of the female pelvis include the following: an enlarged pelvic outlet less curvature on the sacrum and coccyx a wider, more circular pelvic inlet a relatively broad, low pelvis ilia that project farther laterally but do not extend as far superior to the sacrum a broader pubic arch with the inferior angle between the pubic bones greater than 100 degrees

Is the fibula part of the knee joint? The ankle joint?

The fibula is not part of the knee joint and does not transfer weight to the ankle and foot, however, it is an important site for muscle attachment

Why does a broken clavicle affect the mobility of the scapula

The mobility of the scapula is affected because the clavicle attaches the scapula to the sternum and thus restricts the scapula's range of movement. If the clavicle is broken, the scapula will have a greater range of movement and will be less stable.

Why are the shoulders extremely mobile but not very strong

The scapula have no direct bony or ligamentous connections to the thoracic cage

Why is a certain area of the humerus termed the funny bone

The ulnar nerve crosses the posterior side of the medial epicondyle, bumping this side of the elbow strikes this nerve and produces a temporary numbness and paralysis of muscles on the anterior surface of the forearm, this causes an odd sensation sometimes called the funny bone

What connects the two pubic bones at the pubic symphysis

a pad of fibrous cartilage

The ______ end of the clavicle is broader and flatter than the sternal end

acromial end

The broad, relatively flat portion of the clavicle that articulates with the scapula is the

acromial end

The acromion articulates with the clavicle at the _____- joint

aromioclavicular

The posterior surface of the calcaneus is a rough, knob-shaped projection and is the attachment site for the

calcaneal tendon - Achilles tendon that comes from the strong calf muscles

What is the largest carpal bone

capitate

The disc shaped head of the radius articulates with the ______ of the humerus

capitulum

Components of the pectoral girdle

clavicle and scapula

A small part of the radial head enters the radial fossa as the forearm ______ at the elbow

flexes

At the ___ the scapula articulates with the proximal end of the humerus to form the _________-

glenoid cavity, glenohumeral joint or shoulder joint

Structural characteristics of the pelvic girdle that allow it to bear the body's weight include

heavy bones, stable joints, limited range of movements

What two joints make up the elbow joint

humer-ulnar joint and humeroradial joint

Genu valgum in women

knock knee deformity

The distal fibular process termed the ____ gives stability to the ankle joint by preventing the tibia from sliding medially across the surface of the talus

lateral malleolus

The protuberance that you feel on the lateral side of the ankle is the

lateral malleolus

The fibula attaches to the tibia at the

lateral tibial condyle

The infraglenoid tubercle is the origin of the what muscle

long head of triceps brachii

The femur is the _______ and ______ bone in the body

longest and heaviest

Weight transfer occurs along the ______ arch of the foot

longitudinal

The clavicle forms joints with the ______ of the sternum and the _____ of the scapula.

manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula

the _____ supports the ankle joint and prevents the tibia from sliding laterally across the talus

medial malleolus

The surgical neck of the humerus marks the _________ and the name reflects what

metaphysis of the growing bone, the name reflects the fact that fractures typically occur at this site

Distally the femur articulates with the ____ and the ______, proximally the head of the femur articulates with the _________ at the acetabulum.

patella and the tibia of the leg at the knee joint pelvis

When you are standing normally, the pelvic transmits your weight to the ground as follows ----> ____--> ____ ---> ___----> _____----> ground

pelvis, femur, tibia, calcaneus, ground

On the posterior surface of the tibia, the soleal line, or popliteal line, is the attachment site for several leg muscles, including the _____ and the ______

popliteus and the soleus

The medial and lateral epicondyles function to do what

processes that provide additonal surface area for muscle attachment

The radio-ulnar joint allows for what two motions of the wrist/hand

pronation and supination

What runs in the radial groove

radial nerve, a large nerve that provides sensory information from the back of the hand and controls the large muscles that extend the elbow

Lateral to the coronoid process, a smooth ___________ articulates with the head of the radius at the proximal radio-ulnar joint

radial notch

The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the _____

radius, the lateral bone of the borearm

A bowlegged stance of the femus is characteristic of ______, a metabolic disorder.

rickets

The coracoid process serves as the origin for what muscle

short head of the biceps brachii muscle

From the _____ end the clavicle curves in an S shape laterally and posteriorly until it articulates with the acromion of the scapula

sternal end

The ____ of the radius assists in stabilizing the wrist joint

styloid process

Each clavicle originates at the ________ border of the manibrium of the sternum, lateral to the jugular notch

superolateral border

The inferior surface of the tibia forms a hinge joint with the _____, the proximal bone of the ankle

talus

The most important distal tibial joint is between the _____ and the _____

talus and the tibia

The prominent posterior ridge of the scapular spine is an attachment site for what two muscles

the deltoid and the trapezius

The head of the humerus articulates with what joint cavity

the glenoid cavity of the scapula

The pelvis is subdivided into the greater (false) pelvis and the lesser (true) pelvis, what makes up each category

the greater pelvis consists of the expanded, bladelike protection sof each ilium superior to the iliopectineal line, the greater pelvis protects the ilipectineal line from the lesser pelvis the structures of the lesser pelvis are the inferior portions of each ilium, both pubic bones, the ischia, the sacrum and the coccyx

What articulates with the acetabulum

the head of the femur

Which hip bone forms 2/5ths of the acetabular surface

the ilium

Each hip bone of the adult pelvic girdle consists of three fused bones, what are they

the ilium, ischium and pubis

What separates the lesser and greater tubercles of the humerus

the intertubercular sulcus

What tuberosity supports your weight when you are sitting

the ischial tuberosities

Which is the strongest of the hip bones

the ischium

Which wrist bone extends farther medially than any other carpal bone in the proximal or distal rows

the pisiform - small, pea-shaped

The patella forms within what tendon

the quadriceps femoris - a group of anterior thigh muscles that extends the knee

Where on the radius is the attachment site for the biceps brachii

the radial tuberosity

What is the only direct bony connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton

the s-shaped clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

What is the wrist bone adjacent to the styloid process of the radius

the scaphiod bone

What is the most frequently fractured carpal bone

the scaphoid

What passes through the greater sciatic notch

the sciatic nerve passes through the sciatic notch as it travels into the lower limb

What three muscles originate on the scapula

the supraspinatus inserts onto the upper most impression the infraspinatus onto the middle and the teres minor onto the lowermost

What does the acromion of the scapula serve as an attachment site for

the trapezius of the back

What is the smallest distal carpal bone

the trapezoid

The _____ is the spool-shaped medial portion of the humerus condyle that articulates with the ulna, the medial bone of the forearm.

the trochlea (pulley)

What are the two main functions of the lower limb

transits force from the ground to the axial skeleton, and positions the lower limb so that movement from one place to another can occur

What are the distal bones of the wrist called

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate

The olecranon of the _____ bone forms the point of the elbow

ulna

The posterior margin of the ulnar head has a short __________

ulnar styloid process