A.P.U.S. History - Chapter 2

Compare and contrast the the MIddle Colonies and the Southern Colonies during the Restoration area

Alike: Both under English rule Difference: Torn between Oliver Cromwell and King Charles II & Southern are more slavery and plantation owners Significance: Already leading to revolution

Compare and Contrast Jamestown and Plymouth Colonies

Compare: Both were on Indian settlements Both grew tobacco Both traded with Indians at some point Many died in first few months of settlement Both established a legislative government Involved in joint-stock companies Contrast: The Plymouth Colony: Pilgrims from the Church of England who wanted to organize a separate church because they wanted to be independent from monarchs (Known as Separatists) Pilgrims came to America in search of religious freedom aboard the Mayflower. Rather than going to Jamestown, they decided to establish the Plymouth Colony Jamestown became a Royal Colony because the Virginia company had made many poor decisions which put them in debt and King James I took control.

To what extent did the English Civil War serve as turning point for the colonies in America, what were the characteristics before and after that time period?

English Civil War served as turning point: New England Confederation Formed because of lack of assistance in fighting American Indians Showed that colonies can unify for a common purpose American revolution King Philip's War Thousands on both sides died New England Confederation won Before time period: Colonies Fought Native Indians on their own English Monarchy King Charles After time period: Colonies helped each other fight King Executed Parliaments/ Puritans Won Military Dictator- Oliver Cromwell Brought moral/ Religion change to England

Identify the causes and motivations of the British mercantile system. Which one is most significant? Why?

Enrich mother country (Great Britain) To grow in wealth and self-sufficiency Increase political power and private wealth With the exclusion of other empires Both reasons were extremely important to the British mercantile system. The main goal was to achieve a self-sufficiency that excluded other countries from trade. Their hope was to be able to reach this through the colonies of America and their colonists.

Compare and Contrast the English model of colonization to that of the French and Spanish

French: Friendly relations with indians (comparatively) Tried to convert natives to christianity Came in small numbers Extractive economic activity (for trade): resource based, dependant on extracting or harvesting natural resources to sell and trade catholic Spanish: Came to conquer Looked for and found precious minerals Tried to convert indians Explored deep into continent to look for wealth catholic English: Came in large groups Settled and improved land More religiously tolerant Wiped out indian culture Didn't explore deep into continent Mostly protestant

To what extent was the defeat of the Spanish Armada a turning point in American History

Gained a reputation as a major naval power English population was growing rapidly Economy was depressed Poor and landless people increased

The Chesapeake Colonies: Explain how cultural interactions between colonizing groups, Africans, and American Indians in the colonial are impacted the development of American colonial identity

Interactions between Natives and Englishmen created racial tensions bordering on war. This may have led to extreme prejudice against all native people. Interactions between Africans and Englishmen was mostly slavery which may have lead to the idea that Africans were inferior to the white man, which may have lead to the slave trade being a major economic factor in the south. Both of these interactions led most of the Englishmen to be extremely racist against anyone who wasn't English.

Explain one political and one economic cause for Jamestown early struggles for survival

Political cause: Early struggles for survival. Jamestown was England's first corporate colony (Joint-stock company). Conflict erupted between the settlers and natives causing trade to stop. Economic cause: Early struggles for survival Gold-seeking adventurers refused to hunt/farm Lead to Hunger & Starvation (persistent issue) Trade stopped & settlers got hungry

Identify the major causes for the establishment of slavery in the Western Atlantic World. Which of these was the most significant, why?

Major Causes for Slavery - Increasing labor demand Tobacco farms Racism Plantation owners pay for immigrants and slaves for land Natives died in slavery, Africans proved more resilient A demand for an increase in labor was the most significant during this period. Since the demand for tobacco was already very important to most chesapeake bay colonies, more slaves increased the amount of tobacco each colony could produce

To what extent did African slavery differ regionally in eighteenth-century North America

Massachusetts First enslavement of "lawful" captives Virginia Mother's enslavement expanded to their children Maryland Africans- regarded as socially inferior Baptism didn't affect slaves sentence Southern colonies had a lot of agriculture Plantations Strict laws Life bondage Expanded to their children Wanted to escape Hard labor

Identify the causes of the sources of discord in early New England? Which ones were the most threatening and to what extent were they handled correctly?

New England had some early sources of Discord Failure of Halfway Covenant King Philip's War Halfway Covenant caused discord with the weakening of the Puritans Experiences were low= members were low King Philip's war- most discord in New England Unification of native tribes caused year-long war Thousands on each side killed Colonial forces prevailed and killed King Philip, ended war

The political, economic, and cultural impact of the British mercantile system.

Political - the political aspects for a British mercantile system is very important. Having a strong economy is very key to a monarch's strength and his renown. Economic - economically it was one of the best times for Britain. They had the largest naval armada after the Spanish's armada defeat, and controlled shipping lanes. They could trade with the world. Cultural - with the new mercantile system also came cultural exchange w/ new world and old

Explain the political, economic, and cultural impact of the British mercantile system

Political: The English are getting richer allows the government to have more power by creating a bigger military Economic: The Tobacco product was the main crop that allowed the British to become richer along with sugarcane helped the British gain more influence around the world Cultural: The right to religious freedom in the America's, more acceptable to other cultures since it was a giant "melting pot".

Compare and contrast the political development of Virginia to that of New England. Are they more similar or different?

Similarities: Only male property owners could vote Female and landless had few rights (slaves none at all) Governor ruled with unlimited power Democratic and antidemocratic practices coexisted in colonies Differences: Virginia: Virginia Company guaranteed colonists the same rights as residents of England 1619: Organized first representative assembly in America (House of Burgesses) New England: Pilgrims drew up a document that said that they would make decisions based on the will of the majority (Mayflower Compact) Showed self government Male Puritans could participate in yearly elections

Explain 3 reasons for demographic shift of population.

Whites Europeans coming over to colonize the Americas Blacks Slaves were coming in from Africa to work on the settlements Natives Dying from diseases that the Europeans brought over Colonists took over land, so they had to adapt to new areas