APUSH CH 9 & 10 Review

Which of the following describes the new industrial system that developed in early nineteenth-century America?

It brought workers together under one roof in a factory.

Which of the following statements describes the American Waltham plan, which was later known as the Lowell system?

Its creators recruited farm girls and women to work in factories.

How did President Andrew Jackson change the federal system of office holding?

Jackson introduced the principle of rotation in office to discourage long tenure.

It was a popular move, blending constitutional arguments, an appeal to patriotism, and class rhetoric.

Jackson meant to to remove all Native Americans east of the Mississippi, even those who had adapted to white society.

Correctly match the candidate in the 1824 presidential election with his description?

Jackson-popular War of 1812 hero

In which of the following ways was Taney different from his predecessor, John Marshall?

Marshall was nationally oriented while Taney favored states' rights.

Who is considered the first real politician, partly because he created the first statewide political machine?

Martin Van Buren.

In the first half of the nineteenth century, American manufacturers' main advantage over the British mills was that they had access to which of the following?

More natural resources.

Which of the following factors explained the growth of western cities such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and New Orleans?

Their role in transportation networks.

Which of the following laws required the Treasury department to accept only gold and silver in payment for purchases of federal land?

The Specie Circular.

On whom did President Jackson rely for political advice?

An informal group called the Kitchen Cabinet.

Which of the following describe John Tyler and his presidency?

He so angered Whigs that he was kicked out of the party while president.

Sequoyah developed which of the following to assimilate members of the Cherokee tribe into American life?

A perfected system of writing for the Cherokee language.

Why did Andrew Jackson veto the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?

He thought it interfered with the rights of states and the liberties of the people.

As president, John Q. Adams supported which of the following policies?

A national bank to to promote a uniform currency and to control credit.

In the early 1800s, British textile manufacturers had which of the following advantages over their American competitors?

A large pool of cheap labor.

President Martin Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 by?

Adopting a hands-off, limited-government stance.

Which of the following was an outcome of the American Industrial Revolution in the early nineteenth century?

American businesses soon dominates in many European markets.

Which American principle played a critical role in advancing technology in the early days of the American Industrial Revolution?

American ingenuity.

How did the spread of industrialization in the United States during the 1820s and 1830s affect skilled artisans?

As machines changed the nature of their work, shoemakers, hatters, printers, furniture makers, and weavers faced declining income, job insecurity, and loss of status.

To which of the following causes did Isabella Graham and Joanna Bethune contribute in the early nineteenth century?

Assisting widows and orphans.

Which of the following factors was the critical stimulus for the growth of domestic American markets in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Better transportation networks.

Which of the following statements describes the impact of the Jacksonian-era constitutional revolution on the states?

Between 1830 and 1860, twenty states revised their charters and enhanced democracy.

How did middle-class reformers attempt to overcome disorder and lawlessness among urban wage earners in early nineteenth century America?

By forming regional and national organizations to institutionalize charity and combat crime systematically.

How did the federal government aid the growth of American industry in the first half of the nineteenth century?

By passing protective tariffs.

Andrew Jackson and his supporters won the election in 1828 in part by?

Calling themselves democrats to portray a more egalitarian image.

Between 1820 and 1840, the economic conditions for casual day laborers in American cities changed in which of the following ways?

Casual day laborers bore the brunt of unemployment during business depressions.

The point of view illustrated in by the excerpt was most likely a reaction to which of the following developments occurring in the US at that time?

Cherokee's adoption of whites' economic and political practices and beliefs.

What killed thousands of poor immigrants in St. Louis and New York City in the summer of 1849?

Cholera.

Which of these did elite Americans embrace after the industrial revolution in order to set themselves apart from other groups of Americans?

Conspicuous displays of of their wealth through clothing and housing.

In 1834, the Working Men's Party persuaded the Pennsylvania legislature to do which of the following reforms?

Create a free, tax-supported public school system.

By the 1830s, most laborers in the urban Northeast lived in which type of residences?

Crowded boardinghouses and tiny apartments.

In 1832, a South Carolina state convention committed which of the following actions?

Declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void within the state.

In 1835, Alexis de Tocqueville wrote, "It is a constant fact that at the present day the ablest men in the United States are rarely placed at the head of affairs." To what did he attribute this phenomenon?

Democracy.

In the landmark case of Charles River Bridge Co. v. Warren Bridge Co., Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the US Supreme Court did which of the following?

Encouraged competitive enterprise, opening the way of for legislatures to charter railroad competitors.

In what way was the United States more democratic than anywhere else in the world during the first half of the nineteenth century?

Franchise qualifications.

Which concept promoted by the Second Great Awakening reinforced its push for societal reform?

Free moral agency.

What was the outcome of President John Q. Adams' support of the Creeks in their treaty negotiations with the state of Georgia?

Georgia's governor attacked him as a "public enemy" and "ally of the savages".

Which of the following describes German immigrants who settled in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?

Germans were the second largest immigrant group and many settled in the midwestern states.

How did Andrew Jackson respond to South Carolina's claimed right of nullification in 1832?

He asked Congress for a Force Bill authorizing him to use the military to suppress any act of nullification.

How did Thomas Jefferson respond to the development of American manufacturing by the 1820s?

He praised industrialization and expressed pride in American progress in manufacturing.

The Trail of Tears was the direct consequence of which of the following government actions?

Indian Removal Act of 1830.

Nativist fears were directed mostly at which of the following groups in early and mid-nineteenth-century America?

Irish Immigrants.

Who replaced the Lowell Mill workers when they refused in the 1830s to work until conditions improved?

Irish immigrants.

The construction of the Erie Canal, the first great engineering project in American history, was successful for which of the following reasons?

It increased the speed of shipping and travel while greatly lowering the cost.

Which of the following arguments did President Jackson offer as a justification for destroying the Second Bank of the United States?

It was a monopoly that benefited only a few owners, some of whom were foreigners.

Which of the following statements describes Jackson's veto of the bill rechartering the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?

It was a popular move, blending constitutional arguments, an appeal to patriotism, and class rhetoric.

Which of the following statements characterizes the Second Bank of the United States in the 1830s?

Its cautious monetary policy pleased bankers, creditors, and East Coast entrepreneurs, who funded economic development.

Which of the following statements describes workers' approach to alcohol consumption in the 1820s?

Many workers used alcohol as an escape from the routine of work but also drank in their workplaces.

The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, written by John C. Calhoun, bore a similarity to the argument made by which of the following people?

Jefferson and Madison in the Kentucky and Virginian Resolutions.

Which inventor is properly matched with the item he invented?

John Deere-the steel plow

The most critical contribution American mechanics made to the Industrial Revolution was the development of which of the following?

Machine tools.

Which of the following characterizes patterns of immigration into the United States during the 1840s and 50s?

Most of the Irish who arrived in the United States were poverty stricken peasants.

For which of the following reasons did New York's state government fund the building of the Erie Canal in 1817?

New Yorkers sought to link the Hudson River with the Great Lakes.

Which of the following nineteenth century groups would have been most likely to oppose the ideas described in the excerpt?

Northern evangelical Protestants.

Which of the following statements characterizes the American political system directly after the American Revolution?

Notables managed local elections through their personal connections.

Roman Catholic immigration into the United States in the 1840s had which of the following effects?

Protestants' rejections of their new catholic coworkers undercut trade unionism.

Which of the following were the three key elements of Clay's American system?

Protective tariff, subsidized internal improvements, and the national banks.

In the 1824 SCOTUS case Gibbons v. Ogden, the Marshall court's decision?

Overturned New York law that granted a monopoly on steamboat travel into New York City.

The power of elected officials to grant government jobs to party members in return for their loyalty is known as which of the following systems?

Patronage.

In the aftermath of the nullification crisis, President Jackson responded to southern concerns about the tariff by?

Persuading Congress to pass a new tariff that gradually reduced duties.

What aspect of early nineteenth-century American government had the founders condemned as contrary to republican ideals?

Political parties.

During the 1840s and 1850s, Roman Catholic churches in the United States were known for?

Providing community services and a sense of group identity for most Irish and many German immigrants.

Which of the following replaced canals as the primary form of transportation in the US in the nineteenth century?

Railroads.

Most of the new state constitutions written between 1830 and 1860 did which of the following?

Reapportioned state legislatures on the basis of population.

Politicians from modest backgrounds tended to support which of the following reforms in the 1810s?

Restrictions on imprisonment for debt.

On which issue was the Whig philosophy of the 1830s critically different from that of the Federalists in the 1790s?

Rule by an elite based on talent.

Who was the English immigrant who secretly brought the design of the most advanced British machinery for spinning cotton to America in 1789?

Samuel Slater

Which of the following was an outcome of the division of labor in early American shoe factories?

Shoe production increased.

The ideas described in this excerpt differ most significantly from those held by which of the following groups from earlier periods in American history?

Spanish settlers in Mexico in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

The 1832 ordinance of nullification was based on which of the following beliefs?

States had the right to determine which congressional laws they would enforce.

By the 1830s, coal and metal manufacturers increasingly used which of the following to run machinery?

Steam engines.

Which of the following elements define the democrats under Andrew Jackson?

Support for average Americans.

Through which of the following sources did the US Treasury raise most of its revenue during the first half of the 1800s?

Tariffs on imported goods.

Through which of the following movements did evangelical reformers succeed in effecting substantial legal and cultural transformations in early nineteenth century America?

Temperance

John C. Calhoun challenged the northern Whig economic ideology by arguing?

That advanced civilizations always had antagonism between workers and capitalists.

Which of the following developments spurred the Panic of 1837?

The Bank of England curtailed British investment in the United States.

Which of the following developments most directly resulted from the changes Watson details in the excerpt?

The Benevolent Empire.

What did the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution specify should be done in an election like the election of 1824, in which no presidential candidate received a majority of the electoral votes?

The House of Reps. decides the outcome.

The transformation that occurred as American factories and farms turned out more goods, and merchants and legislators created faster and cheaper ways to get those products to consumers, was known as which of the following?

The Market Revolution.

Which of the following was the major cause of the developments described in the excerpt?

The Market Revolution.

Which of the following describes the ruling by the Roger B. Taney Supreme Court in Mayor of New York v. Miln?

The Taney Court ruled that New York State could inspect the health of arriving immigrants.

Which of the following statements characterizes the presidential campaign of 1840?

The Whig's campaign was a carnival of speeches, parades, and mass meetings to demonstrate the man-of-the-people qualities of their presidential candidate.

Working Men's Parties of the late 1820s and 1830s called for which of the following reforms?

The abolition of debtors' prisons.

How did the appearance of canals and steamboats in the United States affect the flow of goods and information during the 1830s?

The canals and steamboats cut in half most travel and communication time.

The construction of the Erie Canal had which of the following negative consequences?

The construction of the canal and its heavy use altered the ecology of the entire region.

Around the 1830s, what new form of manufacturing emerged in America?

The fabrication of metal products.

Charles Grandison Finney found success as a young revivalist preacher in the 1820s by emphasizing which of the following issues in his sermons.

The importance of personal conversion.

The concept that the price of a product should reflect the work required to make it is known as?

The labor theory of value.

Which of the following statements characterizes the American party system by the early 1840s?

The practice of Americans voting for a particular party along ethnic and religious lines began to emerge.

Which of the following puritan ideas became a middle-class conviction with a secular twist during industrialization in the early 1800s?

The protestant work ethic.

Which of the following statements describes events surrounding the election of 1824?

The republican candidate W. Crawford died from a stroke in the midst of the campaign.

The developments described in the excerpt were most directly associated with which of the following occurring in the United States at that time?

The rise of the middle class.

Which of these inventions spurred the growth of agriculture in the Midwest in the 1840s?

The steel plow.

Which of the following was the message of Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, published in full in 1818?

The suggestion that an industrious man could become wealthy.

Which of the following was one of the ways that wageworkers strove to resist their bosses' efforts to control their nonwork lives in the early to mid-nineteenth century?

They built a robust worker's culture that preserved their autonomy outside work.

What did bankers, land speculators, and entrepreneurs in the 1820s to the 1840s have in common?

They demanded government assistance for their business enterprises.

Why did several eastern states expand suffrage in the 1810s?

They wanted to discourage westward migration.

Which of these describes the experiences of the young women who worked in the New England textile mills 1820s and 1830s?

They were able to save their wages for later use or to help out their families.

Why did Congress approve funds for the construction of the National Road in 1806?

To link mid-western settlers to the seaboard states.

Which of the following was the primary function of the Second Bank of the United States?

To stabilize the nation's money supply by forcing state banks to convert their paper money periodically into gold and silver coin.

What occurred during the Bad Axe Massacre of 1832?

US troops pursued Black Hawk's followers into Wisconsin and killed 850 of his warriors.

In the SCOTUS case Worcester v. Georgia, John Marshall and the court majority issued a decision that?

Upheld Indian nation's political authority in their communities.

Which of the following statements characterizes the emergence of the textile industry in the United States?

Using British textile machinery as their model, American textile producers built their in mills in New England and ultimately improved on British technology.

In the election of 1840, Whigs booster their electoral hopes by appealing to which of the following groups?

Women.

Which of the following was an outcome of the rural outwork system of manufacturing in the 1820s and 1830s?

Workers' wages decreased.