APUSH Chapter 3

Henry Hudson

Discovered the Hudson River. Sailed for the Dutch, though he was from England. Henry was looking for a northwest passage through America.

Peter Stuyvesant

Dutch general that led a small military expedition. He was called "Father Wooden Leg," and lost the Netherlands to the English. He was also the governor of New Netherlands.

Navigation Laws

English restrictions on colonies, preventing them from trading with any other country that wasn't English.

Characteristics of the Middle Colonies

Had an assortment of regions More diverse Depended on agriculture to make money Had very fertile soil "Bread Colonies" Very dependent on rivers Industry Stimulated growths of seaports

Sir Edmund Andros

Head of the Dominion of New England. He was very militaristic, and was strongly disliked by the colonists because of his ties to the Church of England. He changed several colonial laws and traditions without consent from any representatives, and tried to flee to America after England's Glorious Revolution. He was caught and never made it over.

John Winthrop

Immigrated from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s. He became the first governor, and is responsible for saying "we shall be a city on a hill."

Metacom and King Philip's War

King Philip's War was a war between the Native Americans that occupied New England, and the colonies. The colonies had many Native American allies that helped fight the war. Metacom (King Philip) was a Wampanoag leader, and led the Native American risistance against the colonies.

Antinomianism

Logical extremes, and the belief that members of a church were under no obligation to obey the laws , ethics, or morals that are presented by that religion.

"Bread Colonies"

Middle colonies, which grew from producing food to export/trade. They were colonies that were a mixture of agricultural and industrial societies. They could produce a lot of food without much labor, and could enjoy high standards of living.

New England Confederation vs Dominion of New England

New England Confederation Union of four colonies (Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, and both Connecticut colonies) Was to defend against enemies such as Native Americans, French, and Dutch Wanted to prevent problems that affected all four colonies Dominion of New England Charters and self rule were revoked from New England by King James II Made it easier to enforce the Navigation laws Provided a better defense system Enforcement of mercantile laws

Pequot War

A clash between the Native American Pequot tribe, and the Governor, John Endicott, as well as his military. The main battle tactic was to destroy everything of the Native Americans, including homes, farms, and lives of all people, men, women, and children.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A colony founded by Puritans that opened up the idea of theocracy. It was also a Puritan escape from religious persecution. Only puritans were granted power.

"City Upon a Hill"

A colony that would be seen as a refuge to persecuted Puritans. It led to many economic and political situations that founded many major elements in the cultural and political development of America.

Thomas Hooker

A puritan preacher able to bring order among people with his sermons. He was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, as well as Holland.

John Cotton

A puritan who emigrated to Massachusetts to avoid being persecuted by the church of England. He prayed up to 5 hours a day, and defended the government's duty to enforce religious rules.

Quakers

A religious group that believed that people did not need to use God as a "negotiator" in order to establish a relationship with God. Made large impacts on Rhode Island, Public welfare, educational reformations, improvements in asylums and prisons, and even did things like operating the underground railroad.

Puritans

A religious reformist group that wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church. Their ideas began with John Calvin. They first came to America in the early 1600s, and settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Calvinism

A set of beliefs that Puritans followed. They were named after John Calvin, and preached virtues of the simple worship, strict morals, predestination, and hard work.

Anne Hutchinson

A very intelligent woman who pondered theological matters. She immigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634, and was banished after she was convicted of Antinomian heresy. She and Roger Williams opened up new possibilities for those who opposed New England's official policies.

Squanto and the First Thanksgiving

A wampanoag Indian/Native American named Squanto helped keep relative peace between settlers and Native Americans, which is now known as thanksgiving.

Salutary Neglect

An English policy of now enforcing parliamentary laws that were created in order to keep the colonies loyal.

Mayflower Compact

An agreement made in 1620 among the pilgrims that determined how the Plymouth colony should be run. This agreement established Plymouth's government structure all the way up until it was absorbed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

William Bradford

The leader of the pilgrims. He helped create the Plymouth colony, as well as the Mayflower compact.

Pennsylvania and William Penn (establishment, government, diversity, Indian relationships, "holy experiment")

Penn was a Quaker who was given land of Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. He wanted to provide a haven for the Quakers. The "holy experiment" was an attempt by Quakers to establish a community for themselves. William Penn did not want to harm the Native Americans in the area and instead traded with them. He even gave Native Americans the same rights as Englishmen. He was patient enough to learn some of their language, and faced very little Native resistance when colonizing.

Separatists

People who severed their ties with the English Church, and established their home in Plymouth. They claimed to be too strong to be discouraged by minor problems.

Pilgrims vs Puritans (Difference?)

Pilgrims Feared Dutchification More religiously tolerant Landed in Plymouth Led by William Bradford Puritans Religious reformists More strict with religion Landed in Massachusetts Bay Colony Led by John Calvin

Pilgrims and Plymouth

Pilgrims were separatists that were concerned with the "dutchification," which caused them to leave England. They left on the mayflower, bringing many puritans with them, and landed in Plymouth, living successfully in America. The only reason this colony was successful was because the Native Americans of the area taught the pilgrims the necessary survival skills. Their colony was later absorbed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

New Amsterdam

Purchased by the Dutch East and West India companies, and was a company tow. It was run by and for the dutch company in the interests of stockholders. It attracted people of all races. This colony was religiously tolerant, and was very profit centered.

Influence of Religion on Government

Religion affected the type of colony that was established, and who could live there, as well as what laws were put in place, and who could be in power. The government was run by the church, and the church and the government were one.

Rhode Island and Roger Williams

Roger Williams was an English theologian. He believed in religious toleration, as well as the separation of church and state. He colonized Rhode Island as a place for religious minorities in 1644.

Influence of the Dutch

The Dutch influenced the religious beliefs of several colonies (including Delaware), and promoted religious freedom. The Dutch culture also caused people like the pilgrims to establish new colonies in fear of "dutchification,' which was the spread of the Dutch language and culture through assimilation and cultural diffusion.

Wampanoag in New England

The Wampanoag were a Native American tribe that tried to be peaceful and "befriended" the English Settlers at Plymouth. Because of this tribe, the English were able to produce enough food and thrive.

Glorious Revolution (impact on colonies)

The bloodless overthrow of King James II, which allowed parliament to establish freedom from royal control, allowing the parliament to gain control/power over the monarchy. Colonies were inspired by the taking of the throne, and revolted against several government officials that were appointed by King James II.

The Great Migration (English)

The migration of English Puritans to America in an attempt to escape the religious prosecution of King James II. Puritans settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. This occurred from the early 1620s to the late 1600s.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

This was a democratic government made in 1639 in the Connecticut River towns. It was the first constitution in the colonies, and the beginning for other states' constitutions and charters. It was very similar to the government set up in Massachusetts.

Patroonships

Vast Dutch estates around the Hudson River. They were given to promoters who promised to settle 50 people on the estates.