APUSH Test 11/22/22
A Increases in the federal tariff in the 1820s
"Be it enacted ... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America ... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations ... and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only ... under pain of forfeiture of ships and goods." — English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696 The goals presented in the excerpt from the act have the most in common with which of the following? A Increases in the federal tariff in the 1820s B Progressive Era antitrust reforms in the 1900s C Free-trade policies in the 1990s D Federal tax reductions in the 2000s
E William L. Garrison
"Let Southern oppressors tremble .... I shall strenuously contend for immediate enfranchisement .... I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice." The author of the statement above was A John C. Calhoun B Stephen A. Douglas C Henry Clay D Abraham Lincoln E William L. Garrison
A the Second Great Awakening
"Still, though a slaveholder, I freely acknowledge my obligations as a man; and I am bound to treat humanely the fellow creatures whom God has entrusted to my charge. ... It is certainly in the interest of all, and I am convinced it is the desire of every one of us, to treat our slaves with proper kindness." — Letter from former South Carolina governor James Henry Hammond, 1845 "Standing with God and the crushed and bleeding slave on this occasion, I will, in the name of humanity which is outraged, in the name of Liberty which is fettered, in the name of the constitution and Bible, which are disregarded and trampled upon, dare to call in question and denounce ... slavery 'the great sin and shame of America'!" — Frederick Douglass, speech titled "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," 1852 The language used in both excerpts most directly reflects the influence of which of the following? A the Second Great Awakening B States' rights C Manifest Destiny D American nationalism
C Northern abolitionists
"Still, though a slaveholder, I freely acknowledge my obligations as a man; and I am bound to treat humanely the fellow creatures whom God has entrusted to my charge. ... It is certainly in the interest of all, and I am convinced it is the desire of every one of us, to treat our slaves with proper kindness." — Letter from former South Carolina governor James Henry Hammond, 1845 "Standing with God and the crushed and bleeding slave on this occasion, I will, in the name of humanity which is outraged, in the name of Liberty which is fettered, in the name of the constitution and Bible, which are disregarded and trampled upon, dare to call in question and denounce ... slavery 'the great sin and shame of America'!" — Frederick Douglass, speech titled "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," 1852 Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the perspective of Frederick Douglass in the excerpt? A Southern Democrats B Southern planters C Northern abolitionists D Northern merchants
B It ended the threat of American Indian raids on western settlements.
All of the following accurately describe Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France EXCEPT: A It opened the Mississippi River permanently to western farmers. B It ended the threat of American Indian raids on western settlements. C It was made possible by the failure of Napoleon's forces to suppress a salve revolt in Haiti. D It showed Jefferson's considerable flexibility in dealing with foreign policy. E It violated Jefferson's own view concerning strict construction of the Constitution.
E federal constitutional provisions for emancipation
All of the following contributed to the growth of the free African American population in the United States in the early nineteenth century EXCEPT A the gradual emancipation laws of individual states B manumission granted for Revolutionary War service C manumission granted by slaveholders' wills D natural increase among free African Americans E federal constitutional provisions for emancipation
C enunciation of the doctrine of nullification
An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the A taxation of consumer items B reelection of Andrew Jackson C enunciation of the doctrine of nullification D alliance of Southern planters and Western farmers E expansion of the New England textile industry
B the right of nullification
Andrew Jackson supported all of the following EXCEPT A Indian removal B the right of nullification C the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States D annexation of new territory E use of the presidential veto power
E An end to impressment
Of the following, which was the principal issue on which the United States sought settlement with Great Britain at the outset of the War of 1812? A A guarantee of New England fishing rights off Newfoundland B Free navigation of the Mississippi River C Cancellation of pre-Revolutionary debts D Access to trade with the British West Indies E An end to impressment
B The expansion of access to markets
"The Erie Canal poured into New York City [wealth] far exceeding that which its early friends predicted. . . . In the city, merchants, bankers, warehousemen, [and] shippers . . . seized the opportunity to perfect and specialize their services, fostering round after round of business innovations that within a decade of the opening of the Erie Canal had made New York by far the best place in America to engage in commerce. . . . ". . . Even before its economic benefits were realized fully, rival seaports with hopes of tapping interior trade began to imagine dreadful prospects of permanent eclipse. Whatever spirit of mutual good feeling and national welfare once greeted [internal improvements] now disappeared behind desperate efforts in cities . . . to create for themselves a westward connection." John Lauritz Larson, historian, Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States, 2001 The excerpt best illustrates which of the following developments? A The extension of commerce with Native Americans B The expansion of access to markets C The growth in the internal slave trade D The increase in semisubsistence agricultural production
A The opposition of some political leaders to providing federal funds for public works
"The Erie Canal poured into New York City [wealth] far exceeding that which its early friends predicted. . . . In the city, merchants, bankers, warehousemen, [and] shippers . . . seized the opportunity to perfect and specialize their services, fostering round after round of business innovations that within a decade of the opening of the Erie Canal had made New York by far the best place in America to engage in commerce. . . . ". . . Even before its economic benefits were realized fully, rival seaports with hopes of tapping interior trade began to imagine dreadful prospects of permanent eclipse. Whatever spirit of mutual good feeling and national welfare once greeted [internal improvements] now disappeared behind desperate efforts in cities . . . to create for themselves a westward connection." John Lauritz Larson, historian, Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States, 2001 Which of the following developments in the early nineteenth century could best be used as evidence to support the argument in the second paragraph of the excerpt? A The opposition of some political leaders to providing federal funds for public works B the failure of some infrastructure projects to recover their costs C The recruitment of immigrant laborers to work on new transportation projects D The rise of a regional economy based on the production and export of cotton
E hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generations
A major reason why Thomas Jefferson was interested in purchasing Louisiana from France was that he A wanted to establish a precedent for the expansion of presidential authority B wanted an area beyond the Mississippi river to which eastern Native Americans (Indians) could be moved C had learned from Lewis and Clark of the untapped mineral resources in western areas D hoped to cement a Franco-American alliance against the British E hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generations
B defense of the principle of national union
Daniel Webster's address to the Senate in 1830 in reply to Senator Hayne is best remembered for its A attack on the Tariff of Abominations B defense of the principle of national union C assertion of the idea of States' rights D apology for New England's disloyalty in the War of 1812 E praise for President Andrew Jackson
C sale of federal lands to finance higher education
Henry Clay's "American System" called for all of the following EXCEPT A a tariff for the protection of industry B internal improvements at national government expense C sale of federal lands to finance higher education D greater reliance on domestic financial resources E increased trade among the sections of the nation
C its right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments
In Marbury v. Madison, the United Stated Supreme Court affirmed A its right to determine the constitutionality of state court decisions B its right to determine the constitutionality of state laws C its right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments D the sanctity of property rights against harassment by unfriendly state legislatures E the broad scope of the federal government's commerce power
A introduction of interchangeable parts
In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's major contribution to American Technology was his A introduction of interchangeable parts B development of the first practical locomotive C invention of the mechanical reaper D installation of the first textile mill E development of steam power
D fewer European immigrants
In the 1850's, the South differed from the North in that the South had A a better-developed transportation system B a better-educated White population C less interest in evangelical religion D fewer European immigrants E more cities
E able to accumulate some property in spite of discrimination
In the antebellum period, free African Americans were A given the right of suffrage in most states B protected from kidnapping under stringent provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act C educated in integrated schools in most northern states D able to settle in states in the Middle West without legal restriction E able to accumulate some property in spite of discrimination
A young unmarried women from rural New England
In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were A young unmarried women from rural New England B newly arrived immigrants form Ireland C men who were heads of households D married women whose children were of school age E free African Americans form urban areas
C the United States Supreme Court
In the first half of the nineteenth century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from A the White residents of Oklahoma B President Andrew Jackson C the United States Supreme Court D the Democratic press E the United States Congress
C political participation by the common man should be increased
Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that A an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic B the National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people C political participation by the common man should be increased D political rights should be granted to women E franchise restrictions should be radically neutral
B acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops
Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana had its origins in his desire to A remove the French from forts along the Mississippi valley B acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops C acquire territory for the expansion of slavery D oppose New England Federalism E demonstrate friendship for the French in the Napoleonic Wars
D landscapes
Members of the Hudson River School were best known for their paintings of A portraits B battle scenes C sporting scenes D landscapes E still lifes
D legislative creation of socialist commonwealth
Most Progressives sought all of the following EXCEPT the A democratization of the political structure B reformation of children's labor laws C expansion of women's rights D legislative creation of socialist commonwealth E application of "scientific methods" to solve social problems
B faith in human capacity to achieve a better life on earth through conscious acts of will
Perfectionism in the mid-nineteenth century is best defined as A improvement in the manners of the lower classes B faith in human capacity to achieve a better life on earth through conscious acts of will C the rewards of church membership and regular attendance at Sunday services D allegiance to the political tenets of Jacksonian Democracy E belief in the inevitability of economic progress
B feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery
President Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because he A acknowledged the legitimacy of the Mexican government's claim to Texas B feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery C was ideologically opposed to territorial expansion D could find no support within his own party for admitting Texas E believed that admitting Texas would violate international law
D warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere
President Monroe articulate the Monroe Doctrine in his 1823 address to Congress primarily in order to A respond positively to the recent Latin American revolutions B rule out United States involvement in South America C provide a rationale for United States intervention in the Isthmus of Panama D warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere E encourage Britain to help the fledging Latin American states
D The Second Great Awakening in the first half of the 1800s
Settlement house work as described by Muncy had the most in common with women's activism during which of the following earlier periods? A the Protestant evangelism of the mid-1700s B The decade leading up to the American Revolution C The two decades following the American Revolution D The Second Great Awakening in the first half of the 1800s
D The growing tendency among Southern slaveholders to justify slavery as a positive good
Still, though a slaveholder, I freely acknowledge my obligations as a man; and I am bound to treat humanely the fellow creatures whom God has entrusted to my charge. ... It is certainly in the interest of all, and I am convinced it is the desire of every one of us, to treat our slaves with proper kindness." — Letter from former South Carolina governor James Henry Hammond, 1845 "Standing with God and the crushed and bleeding slave on this occasion, I will, in the name of humanity which is outraged, in the name of Liberty which is fettered, in the name of the constitution and Bible, which are disregarded and trampled upon, dare to call in question and denounce ... slavery 'the great sin and shame of America'!" — Frederick Douglass, speech titled "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," 1852 The excerpt from James Henry Hammond is most clearly an example of which of the following developments in the mid-19th century? A The decline of slavery in Southern states as a result of gradual emancipation laws B The increasingly restrictive nature of slavery in the South enforced by stronger slave codes C The expanding use of moral arguments by Northern antislavery activists D The growing tendency among Southern slaveholders to justify slavery as a positive good
E transporting African Americans to Africa
The American Colonization Society was established in the early nineteenth century with the goal of A encouraging immigration from Ireland and Germany B encouraging Chinese contract laborers to emigrate to the United States C settling White Americans on western lands D settling American Indians on reservations E transporting African Americans to Africa
C it disrupted American shipping.
The Embargo Act of 1807 had which of the following effects on the United States? A It severely damaged American manufacturing. B It enriched many cotton plantation owners. C it disrupted American shipping. D It was ruinous to subsistence farmers. E It had little economic impact.
B Reducing the scope of activities of the federal government
The Jefferson administration advocated which of the following changes as a means of restoring republican ideals? A Abolishing the Bank of the United States B Reducing the scope of activities of the federal government C Discontinuing the funding of state debts D increasing the size of the United States military E Adopting the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions at the national level
D states' rights
The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all involved a defense of A freedom of the seas B freedom of speech C the institution of slavery D states' rights E presidential power in foreign affairs
C Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state.
The Missouri Compromise did which of the following? A Prohibited slavery in all the territory of the Louisiana Purchase. B Provided for admission of the Union of all future states in pairs of one free, one slave. C Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state. D Finally settled the question of congressional power over slavery in the territories. E Provided for the annexation of Texas.
B promoting trade and communication with the Old Northwest
The National Road was constructed primarily for the purpose of A demarcating the southwestern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase B promoting trade and communication with the Old Northwest C opening the Southwest to ranchers D assisting the movement of settlers to the Oregon Country E relieving overpopulation and crowding in the Northeast
D the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War
The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for A the prohibition of slavery in Louisiana Purchase territory B the primacy of federal law over state-legislated Black Codes C the abolition of the international slave trade D the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War E federal return of fugitive slaves
C the Louisiana Purchase
The area marked X on the map was part of A Massachusetts' Western Reserve B the Northwest Territory C the Louisiana Purchase D the Mexican Cession E the Oregon Country
E William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator
The call for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves" is associated with the position of A the Free Soil party B the evangelical churches in both the North and the South C Abraham Lincoln in his debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Freeport, Illinois D John Quincy Adams in his demands for repeal of the "gag rule" E William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator
A accepting women as intellectual equals of men
The development of the early nineteenth-century concept of "separate spheres" for the sexes encouraged all of the following EXCEPT A accepting women as intellectual equals of men B idealizing the home as a haven in a competitive world C designating the home as the appropriate place for a woman D emphasizing childrearing as a prime duty of a woman E establishing a moral climate in the home
E the natural population increase of American-born slaves
The dramatic increase in the South's slave labor force between 1810 and 1860 was due to A an increase in the African slave trade B the importation of slaves from the West Indies C an increase in the severity of fugitive slave laws D the acquisition of Louisiana E the natural population increase of American-born slaves
A home as a refuge from the world rather than as a productive unit
The drawing above has been cited as evidence of the nineteenth-century middle-class view of the A home as a refuge from the world rather than as a productive unit B declining influence of women in the family structure C economic value of children to families D importance of religious education E widening role of women in society
D the party in power stepped down after losing the election
The election of 1800 has been referred to as constituting "another revolution" because A the House of Representatives decided the election B a Supreme Court decision was required to dislodge the Federalists C voter turnout increased dramatically D the party in power stepped down after losing the election E force was required to get John Adams to leave the White House
B Most southern families held slaves.
The graph above refutes which of the following statements? A there were more Black people than White people in antebellum South. B Most southern families held slaves. C Most southern families lived in rural areas. D The southern population was much smaller than that of the North. E Slaveholders were an extremely powerful group.
A Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base.
The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT: A Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base. B the use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting. C Westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial. D God had selected America as a chosen land and people. E The ultimate extent of the American domain was to be from the tropics to the Arctic.
B an expansion of credit and speculation
The immediate effect of Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was A the creation of the "independent treasury" B an expansion of credit and speculation C the failure of state banks D the establishment of modern banking regulations E the creation of a federal deficit
E Asserted American independent in the realm of foreign policy.
The issuance of the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following? A Reaffirmed George Washington's goal of United States neutrality in the Americas. B Helped Secretary of State John Quincy Adams secure the presidency in 1824. C Established the United States as the dominant economic power in South America. D Provided the basis for resolving Anglo-American border disputes. E Asserted American independent in the realm of foreign policy.
E no slaves
The majority of White families in the antebellum South owned A more than 100 slaves B 50 to 100 slaves C 10 to 50 slaves D 5 to 10 slaves E no slaves
C passage of the Missouri Compromise
The map above shows the United States immediately following the A passage of the Northwest Ordinance B negotiation of the Adams-Onis Treaty C passage of the Missouri Compromise D settlement of the Mexican War E passage of the Compromise of 1850
D 1821
The map shows the United States as it appeared in A 1784 B 1800 C 1812 D 1821 E 1845
E adherence to neutrality in dealing with England and France
The most unpopular and least successful of President Thomas Jefferson's policies was his A advocacy of territorial expansion B handling of Barbary Coast pirates C reduction of the size of the military D reduction of the national debt E adherence to neutrality in dealing with England and France
B strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions
The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it A established the role of the federal government in internal improvements B strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions C made the invention of the steamboat economically viable D spurred innovation in the railroad industry E was the last major canal project before the Civil War
B Ralph Waldo Emerson
The theme of individualism is most evident in the writings of A Jonathan Edwards B Ralph Waldo Emerson C George Fitzhugh D Washington Irving E Nathaniel Hawthorne
E demands for equal compensation for equal work
The women's movement in the antebellum period was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A close links with the antislavery and temperance movements B conventions in the Northeast and the Midwest, but not the South C involvement of middle-class women D a broad-based platform of legal and educational rights E demands for equal compensation for equal work
A temperance
Throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, women reformers were most active in the cause of A temperance B woman suffrage C pacifism D immigrants' rights E workers' rights
A promote business enterprise
Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tended to A promote business enterprise B restrict federal powers of taxation C restrict corporate development D expand state control of economic activity E reduce federal control of the economy
D the principles of American government were above party politics
When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, "We are all republicans - we are all federalists," he meant that A Americans would never ally themselves with monarchial governments B federalists would be appointed to his cabinet C the two parties' platforms were identical D the principles of American government were above party politics E he admired Hamilton's policies
B It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's.
Which of the following best describes the policy of the government of Mexico toward Texas? A It tried to sell Texas to the United States at the time of the Louisiana Purchase. B It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's. C It governed Texas with stringent regulations in the 1820's. D It encouraged the establishment of a strong local government in Texas in the mid-1830's. E It favored the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States in the 1830's and early 1840's.
A A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities
Which of the following describes "the Lowell system" in early nineteenth-century New England? A A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities B An agreement among the New England states to secede and for a New England confederacy C A reform eliminating property-holding as a qualification for voting D A strategy to defend New England during the War of 1812 E A congressional reappointment plan during the 1820's
D It affirmed the principle of judicial review.
Which of the following is true of the case of Marbury v. Madison? A It established that Congress had the sole right to formulate national legislation. B It supported Thomas Jefferson in his claim to have "executive review." C it backed William Marbury in his request for a bank charter. D It affirmed the principle of judicial review. E It determined the Senate's right to "advise and consent."
C The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased.
Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Andrew Jackson administration? A A central bank was established. B The value of paper currency issued by individual banks became uniform. C The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased. D A nationwide banking system was begun. E Federal fiscal activities became linked to a system of federal banks.
D It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency.
Which of the following statements about the "American System" is correct? A It was set up by the Treaty of Ghent at the end of the War of 1812. B It was strongly promoted by Andrew Jackson. C It permitted immigrants to be naturalized after living in the United States for five years. D It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency. E It called for an end to the European presence in South America.
C It stressed that Europe and the Western Hemisphere had essentially different political systems.
Which of the following statements about the Monroe Doctrine is accurate? A It was announced by the President over the serious objections of Secretary of State John Quincy Adams. B It was issued simultaneously with a British policy statement on Latin America. C It stressed that Europe and the Western Hemisphere had essentially different political systems. D It was immediately accepted as international law. E It was promptly challenged militarily by the "Concert of Europe."
A turnpikes and canals
Which of the following transportation developments opened the West to settlement and trade between 1790 and 1830? A turnpikes and canals B Railroads and steamships C Turnpikes and railroads D Clipper ships and turnpikes E Canals and railroads