Apush Unit 8- Ch. 25-27
When did the space race begin?
1957 to 1975
How did the Kennedy administration respond to the Freedom?
After hesitating, Kennedy gave support to the freedom riders by sending federal marshall to protect them.
What is the Suez crisis?
An invasion of Egypt, in late 1956 by Israel, followed by UK and France. Aimed to regain western control of Suez canal.
What did the Kerner Commission Report analyze in 1968?
An organization formed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the reasons for the 1967 urban riots. They concluded something had already been known for 40 years.
What characterize the innovations and housing construction pioneered by William Levitt after World War II?
Applied math productions to build houses fast.
What was a major foreign-policy blunder during the Kennedy administration?
Bay of pigs.
Why did the United States refused to support Ho Chi Minh the leader of North Vietnam in 1950s?
Because Ho Chi Minh helped to create the Indochinese communist party
Who pioneered the sit-in movement that began in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1960?
Black college students
Under the banner of black power what did African-American activist work for?
Black pride and self determination. Black access to the traditionally white fields of firefighting, police work, and construction.
What occurred during the Cuban missile crisis?
Brink of war confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union over the placement of nuclear armed missiles and Cuba.
Who is the brilliant organizer and the lesser-known co-founder of the United Farm Workers?
Dolores Huerta
What occurred in the postdam conference in 1945
During the 1945 postdam conference Truman stood up to Stalin. he wanted to ensure democracy and prevent Nazism in Germany to compromise, American officials convinced Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone (East Germany) this split Germany.
Westminster v. Mendez
Established no segregation of Mexican American children without specific state law.
What provision of the Geneva Accords was never realized?
Free elections for united Vietnam in 1956
Who was the creator of the containment policy who talked about his fears and the long telegram in 1946?
George Keenan
The communist threats to which countries lead to the Truman doctrine?
Greece and turkey
What was the significance of Martin Luther King Junior's famous letter from Birmingham Jail?
He appealed to Christian and democratic beliefs, and he argued that Americans had to make a moral choice about segregation. The speech sealed the King's repetition is the most outstanding moral and political leader of the civil rights movement (nonviolent protest).
What characterized emergence of Cesar Chavez as a national figure during the 1960s?
He boycotted grapes and went on a hunger strike.
What were Eisenhower's views on segregation and civil rights in the 1950s?
He promoted civil rights by sending federal troops into Little Rock Arkansas
Who was Eugene "Bull" Connor who made the national news in 1963?
He was Birmingham's commissioner of public safety. He ordered police to use force.
What happened to Emmett Till in Mississippi in 1955?
He was a 14-year-old boy who was brutally beat to death because he was caught flirting with a white woman just days earlier. Unlike most murders of black men in the south, Till's gained national attention.
What was Kennedy's policy towards South Vietnam?
Increasing the number of American troops on the ground to 16,000 by 1963
What is the voting rights act of 1965?
It aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels are prevented African-Americans from exercising the right to vote.
What effect of the Cold War have on the civil rights movement?
It both constrained and led to support for reforms.
What did the civil rights act of 1964 address?
It ended segregation and discrimination in public places
Why is the 1963 march on Washington significant in the history of the civil rights movement?
It is significant because the conflicts between the moderate and the militant activists signaled an emerging rift in the larger civil rights movement.
What was an unexpected result of the building of the interstate highway system?
It provided for the massive suburbanization of the nation.
Election of 1960
John F. Kennedy versus Richard Nixon. Closest election since 1916. Kennedy received 17% more votes than Nixon.
What occurred after the Chinese communists defeated the nationalists in 1949?
MAO ,communist, aligned with the Soviet union. Truman accused of being responsible for the "loss" of china. Truman administration refused to recognize "red China" and blocks China's admission to the UN
Letter From Birmingham
MLK's letter that he wrote in jail. He urged people to think about the morality of desegregation.
What European recovery program to the US create to stop the economic difficulties that could lead to communism throughout Europe?
Marshall Plan
What does modern republicanism consist of?
Modern republicanism preserved individual freedom and the market economy yet insured that government would provide necessary assistance to workers who had lost their jobs, or to the ill or elderly.
What was the outcome of Rosa parks arrest in 1955?
Montgomery bus boycott
What was NATO and why was it created?
NATO was a military alliance formed in 1949 among the US Canada and Western European countries to counter any possible Soviet threat. It was formed by mutual defense of other countries because of the Berlin Wall.
What was the name of the nonmilitary initiative Kennedy secured funding for to advance the Cold War?
Peace corps
What were Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin associated with?
Polio Vaccine
What did the beat generation reject in the 1950s?
Regulated capitalism and materialism
Where did opposition to Ngo Dinh Diem in South Korea come from?
South Vietnamese Buddhists
From the US perspective, the cold war was precipitated by the fact that
Stalin refused to allow self-determination for the countries of Eastern Europe.
According to the US what began the cold war?
Stalin's refusal to allow self-determination and Eastern Europe
Who first used the term "black power" in 1960?
Stokely Carmichael
Sweatt v. Painter
Sweatt wins his case to attend College at UT law because his case doesn't fall under the Plessy v Ferguson decision.
What was the outcome of the Korean War?
The Korea's were left divided at the 38th parallel
The Eisenhower doctrine was issued in response to difficulties and what part of the world?
The Middle East. It's stated a middle eastern country could request American economic assistance or aid from the US military forces.
What occurred as a reaction to the massive strikes that took place in the United States in 1946?
The Taft-Hartley act
What did the national Security Council report and NSC - 68 propose?
The US must significantly increase their defense spending.
What factor served as a basis for the US determination of whether it would support or oppose the country and its government in the 1950s?
The country's stance on communism.
What characterized election of 1946?
The election of 1948 was said to be the greatest election upset in history. Truman versus Dewey. Truman surprised everyone, he launched a strenuous cross-country campaign and began to salvage his trouble campaign. Truman won.
What was Trumans domestic program known as during his second term?
The fair deal
What established the soviet sphere of influence in Easter Europe?
The soviet replacement of Nazi forces in Eastern Europe led to the establishment of the Soviet Sphere of Influence.
What philosophy did Malcolm X and the black Muslims follow and how did it different from others?
They believed in not conforming to Christianity and using violence against whites.
What policies did the Dixiecrat oppose?
They opposed racial integration and civil rights policies. They supported racial segregation.
Who became the first African-American justice in the late 1960s?
Thurgood Marshall.
Why did Roosevelt primarily issue an executive order banning racial discrimination in defense industries?
To avoid a march on washington
What was Truman's response to the invasion of South Korea in 1950?
Truman asked the UN Security Council to authorize "police action" against invaders
Why did Truman relief MacArthur of his Korean command?
Truman relieved MacArthur of his Korean command because Truman wanted to work for a negotiated peace and MacArthur disagreed and wanted to keep fighting.
What characterized the pressure felt by middle-class American women in the 1950s?
Women were expected to care for the kids, take care of the home, and some worked to provide for the family.
Where did 200 Sioux, organized by AIM to dramatize their cause, engage in several gun battles with the FBI for over two months in 1973?
Wounded Knee