ARTH 374 Midterm

Abstract Expressionism

(1943-Mid 1960s) An artistic movement that focused on expressing emotion and feelings through abstract images and colors, lines and shapes. Nonrepresantational art, no climazes, flattened- out planes and values, the real appearance of forms in nature os subordinated to an aesthetic concept of from composed of shapes, lines and colors. Value: personal and subjective interpretation. (Gestural Abstraction, Action Painting, Color Field Painting)

Minimalism

(1960s) Emphasized extreme simplification of form and color, focusing on what an artwork does vs its symbolism (doing vs saying). A way to detach from post-war consumption forces viewers to "see more," as they can only judge what is there with no aesthetic guide, thus helping them see beyond prevailing conventions of art. characterized by hard-edged planes, anonymous facture, and an industrial sensibility developed in reaction to the painterly, emotion-driven forms of Abstract Expressionism Similar, often readymade, forms meant to shift the burden of interpretation onto the viewer to make meaning of. Robert Morris- Untitled, 1965/71

Fluxus

(Early 60s-70s) Interactive art-making based on "Events," which pivot around a limited number of actions which were simple and closely related to every-day life. Focus on drawing attention to everyday objects through simple, absurd actions. conceived as an artist-initiated experience rather than an object. Used corporate modes of marketing and distribution in a tongue-in-cheek manner Nam June Paik- Zen for Head, 1962

Assembalage

(Mid 1950s) Aka "Expanded Gestures" A three-dimensional composition in which a collection of objects is unified in a sculptural work. It can be a collection of items meant to represent something, or show how assembling unlikely objects into one piece can be just as abstract as other pieces. Robert Rauschenberg- Monogram, 1955-9 & Erased DeKooning Drawing, 1953

Earthworks/Land Art

(Mid-Late 60s into 70s) art made and displayed outdoors, call attention to the landscape, associated with growing environmental concerns of the 60s and 70s, often site-specific. Robert Smithson- Monuments of Passaic, 1967 & The Spiral Jetty, 1970

Gestural Abstraction

(similar to action painting) Relied on the expressiveness of energetically applied pigment. Willem DeKooning- Woman 1, 1950-52

Logic of Materials

?

Phantasmatic Corporeality

?

The Field Effect

?

Happenings

A term coined by American artist Allan Kaprow in the 1960s to describe loosely structured performances, whose creators were trying to suggest the aesthetic and dynamic qualities of everyday life; as actions, rather than objects, Happenings incorporate the fourth dimension (time). Utilizes "the specific substances of sight, sound, movements, people, odors, touch" Creates simultaneous actions or absurd juxpositions vs coherent narrative Specified actions, but execution improvised, leading to varied performances. Everyday actions, made to engage a whole range of aesthetic problems, emerging from painterly vs theater. Allan Kaprow- yard, 1961

Readymade

An object from popular or material culture presented without further manipulation as an artwork by the artist.

Name a Pop Artist who began using silkscreen to paint multiple repeated media images on canvas.

Andy Warhol (Gold Marilyn Monroe, 1962 & Red Race Riot, 1963)

Process Art

Began in the mid 1960s. The means count for more than the ends. The artist sets a process in motion and waits on the results. These artists hoped to create nonprecious works with little allure for the newly booming art market. It should be considered alongside other anti minimalist trends of that day. Richard Serra- Casting, 1969

Which of the following proto-conceptual artists created a visual archives of the built environment, like post-industrial buildings or gasoline stations?

Bernd & Hilla Becher (Cooling Towers, 1993) and Ed Ruscha (26 Gasoline Stations, 1962)

One small sculpture attempts to capture the Chicago Police's "blind rage an total loss of control" during the Democratic Convention. The artist named _______________, who created this small sculpture entitled ______________, was among the many artists who initially boycotted Chicago. This "souvenir" sculpture was designed to remind viewers of red blood, brutality, and bodily injury.

Claes Oldenburg : Fireplug

Pop Art

Collapses "high" art into "low" art by incorporating commercial imagery and industrial of mechanical reproduction into painting and sculpture. Exemplified a new form of public life rooted in consumer culture. artist demonstrated how commodities came to serve as piblic icons which possess ideological values well beyond their apparent functions Andy Warhol- Gold Marilyn Monroe, 1962 & Red Race Riot, 1963

Proto-conceptual photography

Ed Ruscha- Every Building on the Sunset Strip, 1966 & Twenty-Six Gasoline Stations, 1962 Bernd and Hilla Becher- Cooling Towers, 1993

Which of the following artworks is described as antiwar?

Image: Crow on the left, unknown object on the right. All on a blank warm white background

Which of the following is one of the defining qualities inherent in process art? . A. It's form follows the logic of the materials B. It's form defies the logic of the materials C. It's form has nothing to do at all with properties of the materials used to make it D. none of the above

It's form follows the logic of the materials

In critiquing the abstract expressionists, critic Harold Rosenberg said they had switched painting from being a space for picturing things to being an arena in which to act. Rosenberg focused on one male painter, who laid his canvas on the floor, used sweeping arm gestures to drip and move paint with sticks and brushes above the canvas, and said he was expressing his inner feelings. Who is this action painter?

Jackson Pollock (Number 1, 1950)

Some Pop Art engages the issue of commodities in postwar American consumer culture. Which two artists explore this impulse in their artwork?

James Rosenquist and Andy Warhol

Postminimalism

Lucy Lippard- Exhibition and catalog "Eccentric Abstractions Louise Bourgeois- The Destruction of the Father, 1974 Yayoi Kusama- Infinity Mirror Room- Phalli's Field, 1965 Eva Hesse- Accession II, 1967-8 & Repetition Nineteen III, 1968

Color Field Painting

Postwar painting that had the following characteristics: lack of visible gestures, all-over paint application using limited colors (usually less than 5), large-scale canvases, and little visible evidence of how the paint was applied. A technique in abstract painting developed in the 1950s. It focuses on the lyrical effects of large areas of color, often poured or stained onto the canvas. Mark Rothko- No.61 (Rust and Blue), 1953 (critic Clement Greenberg)

True or False. Faith Ringgold intervened on the American Flag in this work by embedding words like "Die" in the stars rectangle and another word in the stripes section.

True

True or false. by the late 1960s, conceptual art focused on print and photography to carry and distribute ideas.

True

Action Painting

a technique and style of abstract painting in which paint is randomly splashed, thrown, or poured on the canvas. It was made famous by Jackson Pollock, and formed part of the more general movement of abstract expressionism. Jackson Pollock- Number 1, 1950

Conceptual Art

art in which the idea presented by the artist is considered more important than the finished product, if there is one. Question of placement: The subject of work becomes both a reflection (marcel dusuan toilet artist) on the conventions that will from it and self-questioning how it will be communicated or displayed emerged from modernist; readymade and geometric abstraction. Lawrence Weiner- a square removal from a rug in use, 1969

How does Louise Bourgeois's Destruction of the Father, 1974 engage the concept of "patricidal agression"?

by presenting an environment where the artist might confront her traumatic past

Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty (1970) exemplifies which one of the following movements we studied this week?

earthworks

How did Bernd and Hilla Becher display their photographs of like structures (silos, water towers, cooling towers)?

in a grid on the wall

Which choice best reflects the impulses/artist associated with institutional critique?

making visible the interest and operations of the gallery: Michael Asher

Which term is associated with the art produced by Yayoi Kusama (Infinity Mirror Room- Phalli's Field, 19650?

obsessive repetition

Which of the following choices best characterizes post-minimalist art? A. industrial, cubic, and hard-edged B. factory made, flat, and organic C. organic forms, often materials that reference the body D. none of the above

organic forms, often materials that reference the body

In the exhibition catalogue The Turning Point : Art and Politics at 1968, curator Nina Castelli Sundell explains that US ______________ expanded with experimentation, new media, and industrial techniques. These impulses pushed beyond silk screening into new possibilities like new surfaces and peculiar materials. Overall, this production-method provided for more affordable multiples.

printmaking

Artists began to represent the horrors of _______________. This can be seen in Benny Andrews' painting entitled War Baby (1968).

the Vietnam War

Entropy

the law of entropy predicts the inevitable extinction of energy in any given system, the dissolution of any organization into a state of disorder and indifferentation.

Between 1965-1975, visual art shifted to emphasize ideas rather than rich, colorful paintings. Two shifts that mark this transition are _____________________ and ________________________.

the use of written language and deskilled photography