ASP
Silicosis is
(also known as miner's phthisis, grinder's asthma, potter's rot and other occupation-related names[1], or by the invented name pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis[2][3]) is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust, and is marked by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs. It is a type of pneumoconiosis.[4] Silicosis (particularly the acute form) is characterized by shortness of breath, cough, fever, and cyanosis (bluish skin). It may often be misdiagnosed as pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs), pneumonia, or tuberculosis. Silicosis resulted in 46,000 deaths globally in 2013 down from 55,000 deaths in 1990.[5]
pressure-demand SCBAs have a protection factor of 10x 100x 1000x 10000x
*10000x
The centrifugal force is 900 lbs. When the radius is 24 in. Compute the force when the radius is 18.5 inches.
*1168 lbs F1D1 = F2D2 (900)(48) = (F2)(37) F2 = 1167.56
The rated load of a test crane uses which of the following factors? 75% 100% 125% 150%
*125%
what is the minimum ice thickness in inches for clear sound ice for a one person load? 1.5 2 2.5 3
*2 Ice Thickness Requirements: from Table 46-1, Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations, NSC 7th Edition
Workers should not be permitted to continue their work when deep body temperature exceeds: 30.6degC or 87degF 31.4degC or 89degF 38degC or 100.4degF 30degC or 86degF
*38degC or 100.4degF
Core temperatures above the following may be associated with temporary infertility in both males and females. 39degC or 102.2degF 32.2degC or 90degF 30degC or 86degF 38degC or 100.4degF
*38degC or 100.4degF defined by the ACGIH 1995-1996
A Volatile Flammable Liquid is defined as having a flash point below ____ (____), or whose temperature is ____ its flash point. 36degC, 100degF, below 38degC, 120degF, above 32degC, 100degF, above 38degC, 100degF, above
*38degC, 100degF, above degC*(9/5)+32 = degF OSHA 1910, Subpart S, App. A
The proper slant for a portable straight ladder is ___ ft vertical to ___ ft horizontal 1,5 1,7 4,1 4,2
*4,1
The pressure in a closed gas cylinder is doubled as a result of heating. If the original ambient temperature was 25deg C, what is the new temperature?
*596K = 323C (P1V1)/t1 = (P2V2)/t2 25deg C + 273 = 298K (P1V1)/298 = 2P1V2/t2 t2(P1V1) = 298 (2P1V2) Volume is the same t2 = 298*2 = 596K
a disposable dust mask has a protection factor of approximately 2x 5x 10x 50x
*5x 5x - disposable masks (ex. dust masks) the protection factor is the ratio of the concentration outside the mask compared to the concentration inside the mask 2x is less than most respirators 10x is the protection factor for half mask cartridge respirators 50x is the protection factor for demand supplied air respirators
Cranes and other equipment must be periodically proof-tested to 150% of their rated load. To what weight must a crane rated for 25 tons be proof-tested? 37,500 lbs 50,000 lbs 75,000 lbs 100,000 lbs
*75,000 lbs one ton = 2000 lbs 25*2000*1.5 = 75,000
What is the wet bulb-globe temperature to which an industrial assembly worker is exposed if the following temperatures are obtained? Dry bulb = 89degF Natural wet bulb = 84degF Globe = 81degF
*83.1degF Use the WBGT for indoor applications WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.3 GT = 0.7 (84) + 0.3 (81) = 83.1degF
An oxygen tank is filled with oxygen at an absolute pressure of 1000 lbs per square inch at 17degC. The internal volume of the tank is 1 cubic foot. The oxygen is used in high-altitude safety simulations at an absolute pressure of 10 lbs per square inch at -27defC. How many cubic feet of oxygen can be supplied by the tank under these conditions?
*85 cu. ft Use the Gas Formula: (P1*V1)/T1 = (P2*V2)/T2 T must be in K 1000*1/(17+273) = 10*x/(-27+273) x=84.8
At a distance of 5 miles, an office building has an angle of elevation of 2deg. Find the height of the building.
*922 ft Convert miles to ft 5*5280 = 26400 ft tan2 = x/(26400) x = 922 ft
workstations should be designed to accommodate the specific persons who are actually on a given job. if the specific person is unknown, to what minimum segment of the work force should work stations be designed to accommodate? 50% of the work force (the "average" employee) 68% of the work force (plus or minus one standard deviation) 90% of the work force 95% of the work force
*95% of the work force it is not adequate to try to design a system to a so-called "average" person. one attempts to design to 95% of the expected work force
Which of the following is required after an automatic sprinkler system is installed? Hydrostatic pressure Operational flow test/water flow alarm test Contractor certification All of above
*All of above Flow tests and hydrostatic pressure tests are required. The installation contractor must provide a written of these tests to the owner's representative or the authority having jurisdiction. NFPA 13, 8-1 and 8-2 (Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems)
An explosion involving a detonation has the following features EXCEPT Pressure front moves supersonically Potential for extreme deconstruction exists Blowout panels and rupture disks can vent explosion Blowout panels and rupture disks are useless
*Blowout panels and rupture disks can vent explosion Due to the supersonic nature of the pressure front after a detonation, blowout panels and rupture disks are useless. The accident Prevention Manual discusses explosions and explosion suppression.
The volatility of a chemical refers to the: Capacity of a liquid to form vapors Degree of flammability of a chemical Exothermic reaction of a liquid Endothermic reaction of a liquid
*Capacity of a liquid to form vapors measured through its vapor pressure flammability of a liquid is increased if it is more volatile, but non-flammable liquids can be volatile also. exothermic and endothermic reactions are not related to volatility
The major cause of fire-related deaths is attributed to: Inhalation of smoke Seared lungs Carbon Monoxide Burn trauma
*Carbon Monoxide Statistics maintained by the NSC and the NFPA show CO to be the leading cause of fire-related deaths. CO, a gas, inhibits blood cells in carrying oxygen to the body tissues. Of all the gases that have poisonous effects upon man and animals, CO is the most widely encountered
A flammable liquid with a FP of 72degF and a BP below 100degF would be classified by the NFPA as a: Class I liquid Class IA liquid Class IB liquid Class II liquid
*Class IA liquid A Class I liquid refers to any flammable with a FP below 100degF. A Class IA liquid has a FP below 73degF and a BP below 100degF. A Class IB liquid has a FP below 73degF and a BP at or above 100degF. A Class II liquid has a FP at above 100degF and a BP below 140degF. NFPA 30 (Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code)
A rapid reaction during which heat is transferred progressively from a reaching material to another nearby whose temperature is then raised to a point at which it also reacts; is called: Reaction terminal Deflagration Detonation Explosion
*Deflagration
If the velocity of reaction through the reacting material reaches sonic or supersonic speed, the explosion is called: Low order explosion Low explosive Deflagration Detonation
*Detonation
What is the most expedient method of protecting a worker from noise? Ear protection Limited exposure time Engineering controls Administrative controls
*Ear protection is the quickest way to provide hearing protection. The most effective long term solution is to engineer out the source of the noise (if feasible).
The time required for a flammable mixture to ignite is dependent upon: Pressure, temperature, and oxygen Temperature, composition, pressure Energy of ignition source, temperature, pressure Energy of ignition source, temperature, pressure, and composition
*Energy of ignition source, temperature, pressure, and composition Generally, the entire mixture is not brought to autoignition temperature at once. Local heating occurs so that a small volume is first brought to autoignition temperature and ignites.
Which of the following is the first step in establishing an effective process safety management program? Employee training Hazard analysis Written process safety management program Establishing the safety culture
*Establishing the safety culture An effective process safety management program cannot be achieved without first establishing a culture in which safety is a priority and is part of the daily routine of the employee. The hazard analysis and written program will not be implemented, and employee training is not effective without the commitment of the work force or management.
Which of the following hydrocarbons has the lowest molecular weight? Octane Butane Decane Ethane
*Ethane One ethane molecule has 2 carbon atoms and 6 hydrogen atoms. The sequence for alkanes is: Name/# Carbon Atoms Methane/1 Ethane/2 Propane/3 Butane/4 Pentane/5 Hexane/6 Heptane/7 Octane/8 Nonane/9 Decane/10
Which of the following is a strong oxidizing agent? H2O2 He Fe Cr
*H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, which vaccine was identified as important for personnel at risk of exposure to BBPs? Tetanus HIV HBV HAV
*HBV was determined to be critical to offer to healthcare workers In 1991 it was made mandatory for workers at risk of exposure to BBPs in the US
Which fire extinguishing agent contains halogenated hydrocarbons? Halon Carbon dioxide Dry powder Foam
*Halon = CFCs which react with stratospheric ozone
The most serious form of heat disease is considered to be Heat stress Heat syncope Prickley heat Heat stroke
*Heat stroke Heat stroke is life threatening and therefore the most serious. The body temperature rises to dangerous levels causing potentially irreversible damage and possibly death
some common causes of eye injury are: High energy arcs, compressed air, dilute boric acid High energy arcs, methanol, compressed air Compressed air, metal filings, deionized water Deionized water, dilute boric acid, compressed air
*High energy arcs, methanol, compressed air dilute boric acid is used to treat eye inflammation
Boiler safety devices include all but which of the following? Low water-water cutoff Pressure gauges Safety relief valves Low water-fuel cutoff
*Low water-water cutoff
The minimum concentration of gasoline in air that can be ignited is 7.6%. This minimum concentration is called the: Lower Explosive Limit Upper Explosive Limit Lower Ignitable Limit A & C
*Lower Explosive Limit
Which of these metals is combustible? Nickel Magnesium Molyndenum Iron
*Magnesium Other examples of combustible metals: Titanium Zirconium Sodium Potassium Class D Fires involve these metals
Explosion prevention systems, when required for flammable gases, vapors, or suspended flammable dusts, should be installed in accordance with which of the following NFPA codes? NFPA 70 NFPA 69 NFPA 68 NFPA 67
*NFPA 69 Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems
In manual materials handling, methods for eliminating the need to bend include all of the following EXCEPT Using lift tables, work dispensers, and other mechanical aids Raising the work level to an appropriate height Providing materials and tools in front of the worker Lowering the worker
*Providing materials and tools in front of the worker Although providing materials and tools in front of the worker helps to prevent twisting motions, to avoid bending motions the work needs to be at the proper height. This can be accomplished through mechanical means (lift tables), raising he work level, or lowering the worker to the level of the work.
It is possible to reduce incidents involving human error by: Carefully screening job applicants Furnishing workers with PPE Providing training and education to workers and line supervisors Improving workplace conditions
*Providing training and education to workers and line supervisors It is generally agreed that the largest majority of incidents leading to an accident are attributed to unsafe acts rather than unsafe conditions. Although general estimates of many of the mental and emotional states that cause accidents (like indifference, resentment of authority, disregard of danger, undue haste, anger, impatience, boredom) are not reliable, there is consensus that effective training and education will prevent many of the human errors (unsafe acts) that arise from mental and emotional states
A special kind of hypergolic fuel includes those substances which will not only react rapidly with oxygen in high concentrations, but even with oxygen in the air. These fuels are known as Hpergols Adiabatic Pyrophors Catalytic
*Pyrophors Some of the most hazardous pyrophors are the iron sulfides. White phosphorous, when removed from water, will bust into flame as it dries
Interlocks provide a form of design hazard control. Identify the appropriate interlock indicated; Sensing of any conductive material, especially steel or aluminum, causes it to operate? Radio-frequency inductive Electromagnetic sensing Conductive Reactance Motion Interlock
*Radio-frequency inductive
Consider component arrangement. Which of the following terms relates to taking advantage of patterns or relationships that frequently occur in the operation of the equipment? Functional Principle Importance Principle Sequence-of-Use Principle Frequency-of-Use Principle
*Sequence-of-Use Principle is used to take advantage of patterns or relationships of tasks during work with equipment
What is an example of an unfired pressure vessel? Boiler Steam jacketed kettle Any vessel directly experiencing flame Copper jacketed steam kettle
*Steam jacketed kettle An unfired pressure vessel does not have a direct flame impacting it.
The lowest concentration of a substance in air to which humans or animals have been exposed for any given period of time, that has produced any toxic effect, or produced a tumorigenic or reproductive effects, is called: TDL LDL TCL LD50
*TCL = Toxic Concentration Low TDL = Toxic Dose Low for solids and liquids LD50 = lethal dose for 50% of the animals LDL = lethal dose low
a temporary depression of the hearing is called a Noise Induced Hearing Reduction (NIHR) Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) Permanent Threshold Shift (PTS) Temporary Auditory Depression (TAD)
*Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS)
What happens to the heat energy of a 2 quart pan of water when it is heated from 30degC to 100degC? The energy remains the same The energy is doubled The energy is less than doubled The energy is more than doubled
*The energy is less than doubled The heat energy varies directly with the absolute temperature of the substance (Kelvin), not the relative temperature (Celsius). Water heated from 30degC to 100degC is being heated from 303K to 373K. This is less than a doubling of temperature resulting in less than a doubling of heat energy K = C+273
NFPA statistics indicate that over a hundred industrial fires occur each day. Fire/loss analyses show that industrial fires result from a combination of factors. Which of the following is NOT a significant contributing factor to industrial fires? Inadequate automatic sprinklers The presence of non-hazardous processes Building construction deficiencies Excess combustible loading
*The presence of non-hazardous processes
A manager who utilizes the inherent motivation that is present in all humans is a _____ manager Theory X Theory Y Theory Z Theory A
*Theory Y managers utilize the goal-orientation of the worker to achieve results
All of the following are administrative controls for reducing or preventing ergonomic injuries except: Job expansion Tool changes Job rotation Rest periods
*Tool changes Tool changes are an engineering control while job expansion, job rotation, and rest periods are administrative controls
Tools and handles should be selected to eliminate or minimize which of the following stressors? Chronic muscle contraction and repetitive forceful motions Tool vibration and repetitive motions Tool vibration, repetitive motions, chronic muscle contraction, steady force, and excessive gripping, pinching, or pressing with and and fingers Tool vibration, repetitive motions, chronic muscle contraction, and excessive gripping, pinching, or pressing with hand and fingers
*Tool vibration, repetitive motions, chronic muscle contraction, steady force, and excessive gripping, pinching, or pressing with hand and fingers
for upper extremities, the measurements of repetitiveness are: Cycle time and cycles per work shift Total hand manipulations per cycle, cycle time and total manipulations Total manipulations per cycle time Total manipulations and cycle time
*Total hand manipulations per cycle, cycle time and total manipulations the three measurements of repetitiveness are the total hand manipulations per cycle, the cycle time and the total manipulations or cycles per work shift, according to the OSHA Guidelines
A manufacturing area employee is working where presumed asbestos containing material (PACM) or asbestos containing material (ACM) is being used. If he/she requests info on PACM, the employee is entitled to:
*Training for all employees who are exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos at or above the PEL and/or excursion limit and ensure their participation in the program must get trained upon hire & annually shall also provide training at no cost to employees who perform housekeeping operations in PACM areas training must include, at a minimum: - health effects of asbestos - locations of ACM and PACM - recognition of ACM/PACM damage and deterioration - requirements in this standard relating to housekeeping and proper response to fiber release episodes
Which of the following interlock can sense the presences of nonporous materials? Radio-frequency inductive Magnetic sensing Photoelectric device Ultrasonics
*Ultrasonics
You are asked to inspect a 10 psi unfired pressure vessel. What do you already know about it? ASPs do not do this No good criteria exists Unfired pressure vessel regulations do apply Unfired pressure vessel regulations do not apply
*Unfired pressure regulations do not apply to unfired pressure vessels which operate below 15 psi
The chemistry of fire is depicted by a fire triangle. Which of the following does not apply? Air, heat and fuel comprise the three elements of the triangle All 3 elements must be present to sustain combustion The combustion process will cease when any one of the 3 elements is removed Water must be used to extinguish any fire
*Water must be used to extinguish any fire
The interaction of component parts to perform a function or task that accomplishes something defines: an analysis a system a planning method a sub-system
*a system A system is an orderly arrangement of components that are interrelated and that act and interact to perform some task or function. As parts of a system, the components usually interact and complement each other, however, it is essential to recognize that a malfunction of one component can effect others which impacts on the total system
the rule of thumb for predicting combined decibel readings from two separately measured noise sources, where the two sources differ by 3 decibels is: multiply by 2 multiply by 3 add 1 add 2
*add 2 the rule of thumb for combining decibels where the 2 sources differ from 2-5 decibels, is adding 2 to the higher decibel level
the primary factors that affect the development of CTD include all of the following except age of the worker intensity of force applied repetitiveness of task lack of a proper rest period
*age of the worker the accumulation of micro-injuries from excessive force, repetition, and lack of rest between tasks will eventually result in a disabling injury
which of the following is likely to increase proneness to skin problems? dry skin oily skin fair skin all of the above
*all of the above dry, oily or fair skin make the individual more susceptible to one form or another of skin disorders
Periodic ergonomic surveys of the worksite should be conducted at least: weekly annually bi-annually monthly
*annually According to OSHA Guidelines, periodic surveys of the worksite should be conducted at least annually, or whenever operations change
a person who is aware of a danger and its extent and knowingly exposes himself, assumes all risks and can not recover damages even through he is injured through no fault of his own. this principle is known as joint tort contributor negligence fright without physical contact assumption of risk
*assumption of risk there is much litigation in this area
The NFPA identifies a combustible liquid as one having a flash point: at or above 140degF at or above 100degF at or above 200degF at or below 70degF
*at or above 100degF Flammable Class 1 - FP below 100degF Class 1A - BP below 100degF; FP below 73degF Class 1B - BP at or above 100degF; FP below 73degF Class 1C - FP at or above 73degF and below 100degF Combustible Class II - FP at or above 100degF and below 140degF Class III - at or above 140degF Class IIIA - at or above 140degF and below 200degF Class IIIB - at or above 200degF
what instrument is required for assessing an individual's hearing ability? sound level meter octave band analyzer audiometric booth noise dosimeter
*audiometric booth the sound level meter and octave band analyzer are used for area sound measurements. the noise dosimeter is used for making noise dose measurements in the individual's hearing zone. the only way to assess hearing is with an audiometric booth.
Single cellular organisms that can cause occupational illnesses are called:
*bacteria Viruses do not have the components of ac ell Protozoa are multi-cellular organisms, many of which are parasitic
theory y management assumes the worker is basically uninterested in work basically interested in work basically blase towards work basically accident prone
*basically interested in work theory y management holds that the worker is interested and motivated to work, as opposed to theory x
If a bar magnet were to be pulverized into dust, the particles would: become unmagnitized become tiny bar magnets neutralize each other a & c
*become tiny bar magnets
All of the following standards call for the use of respirators in the event of an overexposure except lead asbestos benzene carbon dioxide
*carbon dioxide
a classic example of synergism, in regards to toxic effect, involves asbestos coupled with a synergistic agent to produce lung cancer. What is this synergistic agent? water polyvinyl chloride dust cigarette smoke
*cigarette smoke the classic example of toxicologic synergy is asbestos and cigarette smoke. the following table illustrates the effect: Activity: non-smoking, no asbestos exposure - relative risk of lung cancer is 0.15 non-smoking, asbestos exposure - relative risk of lung cancer is 0.5 smoking, no asbestos exposure - relative risk of lung cancer is 1.0 smoking, asbestos exposure - relative risk of lung cancer is 6.0
Building sprinklers systems often does not pass the inspectors criteria due to broken water pipes closed PIV electronic failure lack of pressure
*closed PIV the most common cause of building sprinkler system failure is that someone has closed the post-indicator valve (PIV) and failed to reopen it
the part of the eat which contains the hair like cells that detect sounds is the semicircular canals cochlea stapes anvil
*cochlea is the organ which contains the hair like cells. the sound waves more in the hairs at specific locations in the cochlea. the sites of hair movement correspond to the sounds' frequency.
which of the following is located in the inner ear? ear drum ossicles eustachian tube cochlea
*cochlea the cochlea is the auditory part of the inner ear and is shaped like a snail shell. it contains the basilar membrane on which the end organs of the auditory nerve are distributed
The primary reason for enclosing a grinding wheel is collect dust contain wheel breakage easier t use prevent wheel from breaking
*contain wheel breakage
There are 2 common enclosure designs: threaded-joint enclosures and ground-joint enclosures. When hot gases travel through the very small openings in either of these joints, they are ___ before reaching the surrounding hazardous atmosphere heated cooled warmed frozen
*cooled
what part of the eye is acutely damaged by the welders flash of ultraviolet rays pupil sclera cornea retina
*cornea
which occupational illness occurs at the highest rate? cumulative trauma pneumoconioses poisoning heat-related
*cumulative trauma based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics (1994), repeated trauma had the highest incidence rate (41.1 per 10,000 F.T.W.) The next highest occupational illness was skin disorders
disorders that result from repeated exertions or movements of the body are most often described by which of the following terms? regional musculoskeletal disorders cumulative trauma disorders occupational cervicobrachial disorders occasional trauma disorder
*cumulative trauma disorders disorders that are caused, precipitated or aggravated by repeated exertion or movements of the body are most frequently called cumulative trauma disorders (CTD). other less commonly used terms include: repetitive trauma disorders, repetitive strain injuries, overuse syndromes, regional musculoskeletal disorders
which term best describes a subsonic explosion? propagation detonation deflagration auto ignition
*deflagration deflagration is a term describing subsonic combustion propagating through heat transfer; hot burning material heats the next layer of cold material and ignites it. most "fire" found in daily life, from flames to explosions, is deflagration. deflagration is a rapid high energy release combustion event that propogates through a gas or an explosive material at subsonic speeds, driven by the transfer of heat. deflagration is different from detonation, which is supersonic and propagates through shock. deflagration is different from detonation transition refers to a phenomenon in ignitable mixtures of flammable gas and air (or oxygen) when a sudden transition takes place from a deflagration type of combustion to a detonation type of combustion. in its most benign form, a deflagration propagation velocities, perhaps up to 2000 m/s, and substantial overpressures, up to 20 confinement and many obstacles in the flame path that cause turbulent flame eddy currents, a subsonic flame may accelerate to supersonic speed, transitioning from deflagration to detonation
the most prevalent occupational disease is black lung silicosis asbestosis dermatitis
*dermatitis is the most prevalent occupational disease. it occurs in most every industry and occupation, since skin irritants and sensitizers are used throughout the industry. the other answers are restricted to specific exposures to employees in certain industries
when attempting to reduce ergonomic injuries, which of the following actions is most proactive? design reviews injury/illness data review medical surveillance audits/assessments
*design reviews allow for ergonomic issues to be identified and eliminated before workers are exposed, which is the most proactive step. reviewing injury/illness data, conducting medical surveillance, and audits find the problem once it has occurred or is occurring
Thumb pad and the pads of three of four fingers oppose each other near the tips (object grasped does not touch the palm). this coupling is known as palm grip disc grip tip grip lateral grip
*disc grip The "disc grip" or "thumb-fingertips enclosure" is the coupling that results when the thumb pad is opposed to three-four fingers. arrange your fingers as described and you will see where the coupling grip got its name
All of the following as methods of smoke management are recognized by NFPA except airflow buoyancy compartmentalization dispersion
*dispersion Smoke management refers to methods employed to modify smoke movement to the benefit of evacuating occupants or firefighters, or to reduce property losses and damage. Airflow, buoyancy, compartmentation, dilution and pressurization are mechanisms of smoke management that are utilized individually or in combination to reduce harmful effects of a fire. dispersion is related to the distribution of water from a fire sprinkler head or of the agent from a fire extinguisher
kinematic analyses are based on the relationships of: non-uniaxial motion and uniaxial motion displacement and acceleration displacement, velocity, and acceleration longitudinal motion and latitiudinal motion
*displacement, velocity, and acceleration these are vector quantities
Special hazard terminology has been developed for cranes and derricks. What is the correct term for an undetected hazard, created as a result of the crane's design or by the crane's use? dormant armed active b or c
*dormant armed and active are other types of crane and derrick hazards
the vestibular nerve is located within: brain eye ear carpals
*ear the vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve comprise the statoacoustic nerve which is found in the ear
human factors engineering is fitting the worker to the task or the task to the worker. man is better at all of the following except: exerting large forces smoothly handling the unexpected sensitive to a wide variety of stimuli flexibility
*exerting large forces smoothly
An over-current device could be defined as a/an: electrical capacitor, with discharge resistor step-up transformer pendant push button control station, with metal messenger expulsion fuse
*expulsion fuse The basic overcurrent devices are the fuse and circuit breaker. They should be installed in every circuit to interrupt the current flow when it exceeds the safe capacity of the conductors. An expulsion fuse is intended for use in central distribution stations, in general plants, or on overhead lines. They are designed such that when they blow, the gases generated aid in quenching the arc.
in coal mining, overexposure to respirable coal mine dust can lead to coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), a lung disease that can be disabling and fatal in its most severe form. the best protective measure to control respirable coal dust during longwall mining shearer operations is face ventilation drum-mounted water sprays cutting drum bit maintenance directional water spray systems
*face ventilation historically, longwall operations have had difficulty in maintaining consistent compliance with the Federal dust standard of 2.0 mg/m3. on most longwall faces, the shearer cutting action is the primary dust source and the largest contributor to respirable dust exposure of face personnel. face ventilation: as with all mining methods, ventilation is the primary means to dilute liberated methane to safe levels. it is also the principle method of controlling respirable dust on the longwall face. providing adequate amounts of air to dilute and carry airborne dust down the face and prevent it from migrating into the walkway has been and continues to be a goal for longwall operators. drum-mounted water sprays: apply water for dust suppression directly at the point of coal fracture and add moisture to the product to minimize dust liberation during coal transport. although very effective at minimizing dust generation at the point of coal fracture, shearer drum water sprays can actually increase airborne respirable dust levels if operated at water pressures that are too high. cutting drum bit maintenance: previous research has sown that bits with large carbide inserts and a smooth transition between the steel shank and the carbide reduce dust levels. the prompt replacement of damaged, worn, or missing bits cannot be overemphasized. a dull bit rubs against the coal, which results in an ineffective use of available cutting force and the inability to penetrate the coal at designed rates. this results in shallow cutting, which greatly increases dust generation. directional water spray systems: water spras can be very efficient air movers and, if applied properly, can be used to augment the primary airflow and reduce the amount of shearer-generated dust that migrates into the walkway near the shearer. water sprays mounted on the shearer body act very much like small fans, moving air and entraining dust in the direction of their orientation. poorly designed shearer-mounted spray systems with nozzles directed upwind as the cutting drums actually force dust away from the face; where it mixes with clean intake air and is carried out into the walkway over shearer operations
What effect in the lung tissue is caused by asbestos and silica dust?
*fibrosis lung becomes scarred and inflexible
this ailment is characterized by aches, pain, and stiffness of joints and muscles. the pain is felt in the muscles and the points where the muscles are attached to the bones. common tender points are the front of the elbow and hip joint, the rear of the knee or shoulder, the base of the neck, and along the vertebrae. which ailment is indicated? fibrositis tendonitis tenosynovitis carpal tunnel syndrome
*fibrositis
in waste parlance the term "rubbish" and "garbage" have different meanings. rubbish is the portion of waste not containing: cloth paper wood food
*food "garbage" refers to food waste while rubbish refers to non-hazardous, non-food waste
the unit used as the unit of illumination equivalent to a lumen per square foot is which of the following? foot candle lumen candela LUX
*foot candle the classic unit of illumination is the footcandle which is equivalent to one lumen/square foot
in conducting pulmonary function tests, FEV is the acronym for: forced expiratory volume full expected volume forced expiratory velocity full expected velocity
*forced expiratory volume is the volume of air that can be forcibly expelled during the first or second exhalation. this test is used to detect obstructive diseases
What is the most appropriate coding method when identifying 15 items, from a human engineering view? color coding geometric shapes stereoscopic depth standard color coding chart
*geometric shapes
(lateral aspect): what is the common name for the point at the tip of the femoral trochanter, 1.0 cm anterior to the most laterally projecting part of the femoral trochanter? knee hip thorax lumbar
*hip the hip is the point at the tip of the femoral trochanter and meets the other two conditions described above
a primary sign of heat stroke on a worker is cherry red skin pale, clammy skin hot, dry skin nausea
*hot, dry skin there is no sweating with heat stroke. other answers are associated with heat exhaustion
the end goal of ergonomic/human factors engineering includes any of the following except increase workers' compensation costs reduce worker errors and accidents control stresses affecting worker's psychic comfort increase worker productivity
*increase workers' compensation costs ergonomics, traditionally human factors engineering, int he US is a multidisciplinary activity dealing with interactions between individuals and their total working environment, plus stresses relating to such environmental elements as atmosphere, heat, light, sound in addition to workplace tools and equipment
in which part of the ear is mechanical energy transferred to electrical energy? outer ear middle ear inner ear ear drum
*inner ear the inner ear contains the cochlea, which contains tiny hair cells, which vibrate when exposed to sound waves and transmit electrical impulses to the brain along nerves attached to the hair cells
Maintenance ground-keepers often use self-propelled machines to assist them with their work. The most protective type of guard used for this equipment is the: self-adjusting adjustable interlocked fixed
*interlocked self-propelled lawn mowers and snow blowers are interlocked with the source of power so that the machine cannot be operated without all guards in place. The interlocking guard prevents operation of the control that sets that machine in motion until the guard is moved into position, so that the operator cannot reach the point of operation or of the point of danger
a plant manager goes from a quiet office to the plant floor where loud noises are present. what type of occupational noise exposure does the plant manager encounter?
*intermittent 3 classes of occupational noise exposures: - continuous noise (constant ~8hrs/day) - intermittent noise (exposure to a given broadband sound-pressure level several x/day_ - impact-type noise (sharp burst of sound; ex. hammer blows or explosions; generally less than 0.5sec durations; should not exceed 140dB)
human factors engineering is a technical discipline which includes any of the following except interrelationships between people design of the workplace to reduce mistakes and accidents design of tools to promote comfort reduction of injuries
*interrelationships between people human factors, also referred to as ergonomics, human engineering, bioengineering, and biomedics is a technical discipline mainly concerned with optimizing the relationship between people AND their work environment
In system safety design, which design philosophy is the closest to "perfect" safety? intrinsically safe fail safe fail passive fail operational
*intrinsically safe This design philosophy seeks to limit failures to an extremely small percentage. All of the others allow failure, but seek to engineer out the hazard a failure would bring
a "leaning forward" posture accentuates the pressure between the vertebrae. this posture is also called lordotic posture kyphotic posture popliteal posture lumbar posture
*kyphotic posture the kyphotic posture occurs without a seat back or with an inadequate back; this is a "leaning forward" posture
As an OSHA Compliance Officer, you are using a dosimeter with a 90 dBA threshold and a second dosimeter with a 80 dBA threshold to measure the same noise source. How should your 90 dBA threshold dosimeter's readings compare to your 80 dBA threshold dosimeter? greater than greater than or equal to less than less than or equal to
*less than or equal to
one protective signaling (fire alarm) system that does not notify the local Fire Department in event of alarm condition is: auxiliary remote local proprietary
*local the local fire alarm system is intended to warn local residents and usually only sounds an evacuation alarm. it does not normally ring in the fire protection service. the auxiliary system is a local alarm with the added feature of a circuit to the municipal fire alarm system (usually through a local master alarm box). the remote alarm system sends a signal to a remote location (usually manned 24 hrs/day) that group in turn notifies the local fire protection agency. the proprietary system is widely used in commercial occupancies. the term proprietary indicates that the alarm is recieved by someone with proprietary interest in the property as well as the fire department. this sytem coupled with a central alarm can allow on-site activation of protective devices (ex. closing of doors, vents for smoke control, control of elevators, startup of ventilators, etc.)
Which of the following ergonomically related orthopedic problems leads to the greatest morbidity and cost? carpal tunnel syndrome low back syndrome ganglion formation trigger finger
*low back syndrome
Flash Point is defined as the ____ temperature that will produce a vapor concentration high enough to propagate a flame when a source of ignition is present. lowest highest normal absolute
*lowest The FP of a liquid corresponds roughly to the lowest temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just sufficient to produce a flammable mixture at the lower limit of flammability
a spirometer is used to measure stack velocities air flow from sampling equipment exhaust volumes lung respiratory volumes
*lung respiratory volumes to determine lung function A pitot tube with a manometer or a velometer is used to measure stack velocities and exhaust volumes air flow from sampling equipment is measured by a rotameter
what color is used to identify ionizing radiation? red magenta green orange
*magenta
Which of the following federal standards do NOT specifically address the component characteristic(s) of safety spectacles? lens impact absorption capability magnification side shield anchoring frame combustibility
*magnification
which of the following occupations has experienced the highest incidence of cumulative trauma disorders? laborers meat cutters assemblers metal finishers
*meat cutters from liberty mutual insurance statistics involving workers compensation claims/100 workers/year for cumulative trauma disorders: meatcutters and butchers - 0.4988 laborers - 0.1670 metal finishers - 0.0782 assemblers - 0.0593
the primary factors that influence thermal regulation of the human body are: metabolism, convection, evaporation, heat load metabolism, radiation, evaporation, convection metabolism, heat balance, and heat load convection and heat load
*metabolism, radiation, evaporation, convection
The term "dry chemical" fire extinguishing agent is associated with flammable liquids. What material is the term "dry powder" associated with? electrical insulation exotic chemicals metals fibers
*metals the designation "dry powder" has been especially chosen to indicate an agent's susceptibility for use on Class D (combustible metal) fires. The term "dry chemical" is reserved for agents effective on A:B:C or B:C fires
system safety is defined as: method to detect and eliminate potential hazards an engineering method analysis of major components statistical analysis of the safety system
*method to detect and eliminate potential hazards systems safety is the utilization of systematic scientific engineering and management principles to identify and minimize potential hazards
the incus is part of foot inner ear middle ear outer ear
*middle ear
the ossicles are located in the external ear middle ear inner ear ear drum
*middle ear
a mechanical filter respirator offers respiratory protection against gases gases and dusts gases and mists mists and dusts
*mists and dusts mechanical filter respirators offer respiratory protection against airborne particulate matter including dusts, mists, metal fumes and smoke. They do not provide protection against gases, vapors, or oxygen deficiency.
most muscles are joined by hundreds or even thousands of nerve fibers of the efferent (motor) nervous system. this contact between the end point of the axon of one motor-neuron and the sarolemma of the muscle is called reticulum switches cross bridges motor endplate motor muscle
*motor endplate
the term that describes muscle fibrie elements (polymerized protein molecules) capable of sliding along each other, thus shortening the muscle and, if doing so against resistance generating tension is called muscle contraction kinetics free dynamics muscle filaments
*muscle filaments
air line respirators are designed to be used in atmospheres: not immediately dangerous to life or health containing asphyxiants containing explosive vapors such as confined spaces, where an SCBA may be awkward
*not immediately dangerous to life or health ex. explosive atmospheres, asphyxiants, or confined spaces
carpal tunnel syndrome involves an injury to the median nerve. the nerve is compressed due to inflammation in the carpal tunnel. carpal tunnel will not result in which of the following? numbness in little finger pain in the wrist upon exertion pain in the second and third fingers numbness in the thumb
*numbness in the little finger the little finger is not served by the median nerve therefore the little finger is not affected by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel
Acclimatization to a hot environment includes controlled blood flow to the skin, facilitated sweating, and increased stroke volume of the heart without increase in heart rate. It can be accomplished in: one or two weeks one month 7 days 12 days
*one or two weeks
one example of a class "A" incident includes a fire involving ordinary combustibles flammable liquids combustible metals live electrical equipment
*ordinary combustibles Class A fires involve ordinary combustibles. Examples of Class A extinguishing agents are mono-ammonium phosphate and ammonium phosphate Class B fires involve flammable or combustible liquids. Class C fires involve live electrical equipment. Class D fires involve combustible metals.
the most sensitive and accurate method of physiologically measuring work is: heart rate oxygen consumption respiratory volume electromyography
*oxygen consumption
the flexing of the elbow, the biceps and brachialis on the front of the upper arm is the; non-fixation muscles prime movers ergon muscle anti-fixation muscles
*prime movers
the shift in sensitivity from photopic to scotopic vision is called scotopic effect purkinje effect photopic effect photonic effect
*purkinje effect
the basic color used for designating radiation hazards is yellow orange blue purple
*purple examples include: radiation warning signs; containers of radioactive material; signal lights to indicate radiation machines are in operation the safety color code for marking physical hazards and the identification of certain equipment is detailed in ANSI Z53.1, 1967 and OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.144
A fire detection device that relies on photoelectric detection is called infrared detector radiant energy detector thermoelectric detector thermo-radiant detector
*radiant energy detector use photoelectric cells to detect changes in infrared energy radiated by burning materials. When radiation changes occur repeatedly within a selected range of frequency a fire signal is given.
a phenomenon that results in paleness of the skin from oxygen deficiency due to reduction of flow of blood caused by blood vessel and nerve spasms, and also results in decreased feelings in the hands is called carpal tunnel syndrome dupuytren's contracture raynaud's phenomenon reflex sympathetic
*raynaud's phenomenon (or syndrome) is a disorder of the hand and arm sometimes resulting from excessive vibration exposure, but not as a result of cumulative trauma. raynaud's phenomenon can develop from the single use of a vibrating tool, though it typically comes from long-term use. in addition, it can be caused by exposure to certain chemicals, exposure to cold, and excessive emotional stress. while doctors can diagnose and treat the signs and symptoms of raynaud's phenomenon, they are still not sure what causes it.
numbness in the fingers is associated with siderosis raynaud's syndrome lead poisoning tetanus
*raynaud's syndrome is a disease associated with the use of hand held vibrating tools. it results in a loss of feeling and is characterized by white spots on the fingers and hands
according to contemporary motivation theory, the strongest motivator is: fear of a boss status recognition of achievement pay
*recognition of achievement
the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced maximum expiration is called tidal volume tidal/residual volume residual volume vital capacity
*residual volume
light passes through the crystalline lens in the eye and focuses on the cornea iris pupil retina
*retina light enters the eye through the pupil, travels through the crystalline lens, then travels through the vitreous humor (eyeball) and finally focuses on the retina
a good safety design to overcome failures or malfunctions is the: safety margin safety factor maximum forseeable failure margin maximum permissible failure factor
*safety factor by definition, a safety factor is the ratio of the ultimate (breaking) strength of a member, or piece of material, to the actual working stress or to the maximum permissible (safe load) stress when in use. the magnitude of the safety factor depends on how great the cost of failure will be in terms of life or damage
Industrial safety and systems safety start from a common base, a desire to: Identify, analyze, and control hazards Save lives and property Analyze and improve equipment Control and prevent accidents to employees
*save lives and property Whereas industrial safety directs itself to people, system safety is oriented toward analysis and improvement of hardware (ex. systems)
the buildup of iron oxide in the lungs, such as could occur in welders, is called siderosis asthma metal monitis anthrasilicosis
*siderosis
the main part of the body involved in maintaining the body's heat balance is: skin heart lungs hair
*skin skin is responsible for dissipating heat load through the blood flow of the capillaries. the capillaries expand and contract depending on load.
which part of the body is the main one involved in maintaining the body's heat balance? lungs heart skin hair
*skin skin is the site of most thermoregulation activities including sweating, conductive and radiant heat transfer
hearing loss attributed to listening to Rock music and walkmans is called psychogenic sociocusis sensorineural conductive
*sociocusis hearing loss due to social habits
water spray is an acceptable extinguishing method for all of the following EXCEPT alcohol liquid fires sodium fires oil-filled transformer fires corrugated box fire
*sodium fires water with a burning metal will cause an explosion
melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer, the most important occupational cause of melanoma is: asphalt tar ultraviolet light due to black lights sunlight nitrosoamines
*sunlight in caucasian workers
Isopropyl alcohol + chloroform - what kind of effect
*synergistic alcohol ties up enzymes that would normally break down chloroform
in mechanics, the term equilibrium implies that: the body of concern must be at rest the body of concern is in constant motion the body of concern is either at rest or moving with constant velocity all forces acting on the body are not at rest
*the body of concern is either at rest or moving with constant velocity newton's second law of motion sets the relationship between the applied forces and motion: f=ma
the sacrum is located upper spinal column below the lumbar vertebrae above the cervical vertebrae within the thorax
*the sacrum is located below the lumbar vertebrae
the amount of air breathed in and out during normal respiration is called tidal volume total tidal volume total vital volume total normal volume
*tidal volume
the least important consideration in evaluating the length of time an air-purifying respirator can be used is the: concentration of the contaminant duration of exposure type of cartridge used toxicity of the contaminant
*toxicity of the contaminant
the conductive zone within the respiratory tree includes trachea trachea and bronchea alveoli and bronchea bronchea
*trachea and bronchea ref. Engineering Physiology
blood is carried to the heart by the arteries capillaries spleen veins
*veins
the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation is called residual volume vital capacity tidal volume vital residue volume
*vital capacity
the term which defines the torque that a given muscle (or group of muscles) that develop voluntarily around a skeletal articulation which is spanned by the muscle(s) is called muscle span muscle torque voluntary muscle strength involuntary muscle strength
*voluntary muscle strength
what was one of the first incentives for management to ensure working conditions for employees? The Occupational Safety and Health Act Worker's compensation legislation Reduction in insurance premiums Increased productivity
*workers compensation legislation in 1911, the Wisconsin Workers' Compensation law was the first law of its kind that required compensation for injuries which occurred on the job, without regard to fault.
ANSI Z-35.1 provides the specifications for industrial accident prevention signs. What is appropriate to indicate caution against lesser hazards? yellow background color; black lettering black lettering on white background light blue background color; black lettering black lettering on orange background
*yellow background color; black lettering
Vector-borne infection from mosquito or tick include:
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - Malaria - Yellow Fever Biological transmission involves propagation, multiplication, cyclic development, or a combo in a host before the arthropod can transmit the infective form of the agent
Liver damaging substances (Hepatoxins) include:
- carbon tetrachloride - chloroform - tannic acid - trichloroethylene
overlapping systems required for sustainability involve
1. people 2. the environment 3. profits
A full face piece supplied air respirator in positive pressure mode has a protection factor of:
1000 APF
Arrange the following steps in hazard control in the proper sequence: 1. guard the hazard 2. engineer the hazard out if possible 3. educate personnel
2, 1, 3
what authority publishes TLVs?
ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
in a poorly ventilated office space, the best way to check air quality is to measure:
CO2 CO is another common contaminant usually found in work environments with combustion engines and poor air exchange stachybotrys chartarum is a species of mold, which is also called black mold
GFCI:
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
IDLH means
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health this is a term NIOSH defines as an atmosphere in which staying greater than 30 mins will cause irreversible effects of hinder the workers ability to exit
JSA:
Job Safety Analysis
MUC =
Maximum Use Concentration TLV x APF
A disease of the inner ear that can cause vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss is called
Meniere's disease
What authority publishes RELs?
NIOSH
PELs
Permissible Exposure Limits established by OSHA
HVAC is working but still have sick building syndrome. Most like cause is:
Poor quality of air or distribution
Loss of hearing due to occupational exposure:
Sensorineural
Ringing in the ears is:
Tinnitus
A PortaCount is:
a device used to measure quantitative respirator fit testing
A Holter monitor is:
a portable device for continuously monitoring various electrical activity of the cardiovascular system for at least 24 hrs
UN 1133:
adhesives class 3 (flammable)
waste reduction means
any activity which decreases the amount of waste materials that require waste management efforts
Legionnaires is caused by a:
bacteria causes pneumonia Legionella
BOD:
biological oxygen demand high levels of organics --> depleted O2 & rapid growth of algae
UN 1333:
cerium class 4 (flammable solid, spontaneously combustible, and dangerous when wet)
The most difficult material to remove during decontamination is/are:
chemicals permeated into PPE
Irritants are:
chemicals that will irritate various tissues causing redness, rashes, swelling, couching, or even hemorrhaging ex. chlorine and ammonia
Many of the terms have specific meanings in the P2 context, which term best describes the storage and distillation of a spent solvent?
closed loop recycling a system in which a process waste is conveyed through closed systems to tank storage and then recycled in tanks before returning the reprocessed material to the production system
most common natural cause of wildfires is from which type of lightning
dry lightning
disposal means
either the destruction of waste (ex. incineration, energy recovery, or chemical reaction) or putting it in the ground (ex. landfilling or land application)
highly efficient filtration devices that minimally impede the flow of gases and easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke from the air stream are called
electrostatic precipitator (ESP) applies energy only to the particulate matter being collected and therefore is very efficient in its consumption of energy (electricity) wet scrubbers apply energy directly to the flowing fluid medium
Metal fume fever symptoms include
flu-like
light spectrum order:
gamma (10^-14 to 10^-12) x-rays (10^-12 to 10^-9) UV (10^-9 to 10^-7) visible (Purp --> Red) (10^-7 to 10^-5) infrared (10^-5 to 10^-3.5) radar (10^-3) FM (1) TV shortwave AM
GFCI:
ground fault circuit interrupter
#s on placards indicate the
hazard class
CO2 inhalation symptoms include
increased heart rate rapid pulse increased blood pressure
Business continuity planning:
key part of loss control program includes: - recovering corporate info - setting up operations - financing temporary operations until a new facility can be commissioned - (optional) purchase business interruption insurance to help finance operations
LASER stands for:
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
sustainable development definition (UN):
meeting the needs of the world's current population without making it impossible for the world's future citizens to meet their needs
can you mix lithium metal and non-potable water?
no, lithium metal is water reactive
Heat exhaustion symptoms include:
pale, pasty white skin nausea headache rapid pulse low blood pressure
volcanic eruptions result in fast moving currents of hot gases and rock at speeds greater than 80kmh & gas temps of 1000degC that hug the ground and travel downhill - defines:
pyroclastic flow
part of the eye that turns waves into a signal that is transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve is called the
retina light --> eye: cornea --> lens --> light sensitive retina --> optic nerve --> brain pupil is the opening of the iris; determines amount of light entering
inhalation of iron oxide causes pneumoconios is called
siderosis
Mutagens are:
substances that cause alterations of the genes of an exposed person result may be malfunction of a specific organ or tissue, depending on the type of cell in which the mutation took place gene damage can be passed on to children if the mutation occurred in either parent's sperm or egg exs: ethylene oxide, benzene, hydrazine
Teratogens are:
substances that cause damage or death to a developing fetus cannot be passed onto further generations, as it does not effect the genetic code exs: thalidomide, dioxins, lead, cadmium
dilution ventilation is preferred when:
the contaminant is relatively non-toxic when the source is mainly gases or vapors (not heavy particulates) when employees do not work in the immediate vicinity or direct path of emission source
post-consumer recycled content means
the fraction of feedstock used in manufacturing a material which is derived from materials that have been used by the public, discarded, and collected for reprocessing
The maximum travel distance is:
the maximum distance one could travel to pass through the nearest exit discharging to a public way
The common path of travel is:
the maximum distance one has to travel in order to have access to two or more exits.
which electrical devices prob contain PCBs
transformers capacitors fluorescent bulbs heat transfer enclosures investment casting waxes in foundries
a BTU is The amount of energy required to raise one kg of water 1degF 1/180 of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 32degF to 212degF The amount of energy needed to metabolize 1 lb of fat The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water from 32 to 212degF
*1/180 of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 32 to 212degF The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of water is a specific amount and varies with temperature. Answer B accounts for the change of heat capacity of water as its temperature changes, giving the average over the whole range of temperatures at which water is a liquid at 1 atm. The more common definition of a BTU is defined as the heat necessary to raise 1 lb of water 1degF
the tongue guard on a grinding wheel should be ___ away from the wheel 1/4" 1/2" 3/4" 1"
*1/4" this is necessary to prevent the object being ground from being caught between the wheel, possibly injuring the operator
the step-across distance from the nearest edge of a ladder to the nearest edge of equipment or structure shall be not more than ____ inches, or less than ___ inches 10 & 5 12 & 2.5 12 & 3 16 & 8
*12 & 2.5
The lower flammability limit for tolune is 1.2%. What is the airborne concentration (in ppm) of toluene if your properly calibrated combustible gas meter reads 12%?
*1440 ppm if the meter reads 12%, that means that the airborne concentration is 12% of the way to 1.2%. Therefore, multiply 1.2% by 12%, and multiply the ensuing result by 1,000,000 parts. 0.12*0.012*1000000 = 1440 ppm
Anthracosis is
(anthrac- meaning coal, carbon + -osis meaning condition) is defined in Bioline as, "the asymptomatic, milder type of pneumoconiosis as caused by the accumulation of carbon in the lungs due to repeated exposure to air pollution or inhalation of smoke or coal dust particles" (1).
An output power up to 500mW, sufficient to cause eye injury, is produced by Class ___ lasers
* Class 3B the international electro-technical commission (IEC) publishes standards on laser safety 5 classes of lasers: 1 2 3A - max output power of 5mW (hazardous when viewed with an optical aid such as binoculars - unsuited for the general consumer) 3B - max output of 500mW, sufficient to cause eye injury 4
A mercury exposure during a spill would have the greatest impact on what system:
* the central nervous system neurotoxin symptoms include: - tremots - emotional changes (mood swings, irritability, nervousness, excessive shyness) - insomnia - neuromuscular changes (weakness, muscle atrophy, twitching) - disturbances in sensations - changes to nerve responses - poor performance on tests of mental function - kidney effects (higher exposures) - respiratory failure (higher exposures) - death (higher exposures)
human performance is a function of age and sex attitude and motivation training and motivation (aptitude + training) * motivation
*(aptitude + training) * motivation
Fuel and oxygen cylinders in storage locations must be separated by a minimum distance, or a firewall must be provided. If a firewall is provided the fire resistance rating of the wall must be at least 0.5 hr 1 hr 2 hrs 3 hrs
*0.5 hr firewalls separating fuel and oxygen cylinders must have at least a 30-minute rating and be at least 5 ft high. Fuel and oxidizers can also be segregated by 20 ft as per OSHA and NFPA
under foundry conditions, the numerical value of the WBGT Index is calculated using the formula: 0.7 WB + 0.3 GT 0.7 WB + 0.2 GT + 0.1 DB 0.7 WB + 0.1 GT + 0.1 DB 0.7 WB + 0.2 GT + velocity
*0.7 WB + 0.3 GT the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is calaculated indoors or outdoors with no solar loads: WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.3 GT Foundry conditions would exclude the solar load. Had the question asked for the formula outdoors with solar load, the answer would have been: WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.2 GT + 0.1 DB WB = natural wet bulb temperature GT = global thermometer temperature DB = dry bulb temperature
An inspector checklist for a dry-pipe sprinkler system requires opening the inspector test valve and timing before delay before water discharge. NFPA 13 requires that dry systems must deliver water to inspector test pipe outlet in not more than: 3 minutes 15 seconds 1 minute 30 seconds
*1 minute NFPA 13 establishes the maximum size for dry-pipe systems at 500 gallons for gridded systems and 750 gallons for non-gridded systems. However, these maximums can be exceeded if delivery of water to inspectors test pipe does not exceed 60 seconds. Many times to ensure rapid delivery of water, "quick opening" devices are installed. These devices generally consist of accelerators, which cause the deluge or dry pipe valve to cycle more rapidly or exhausters, which dump air more rapidly
How many calories of heat must be added to change 60g of ice at 0C to steam at 100C? 1 calories is needed to change 1g of water 1deg, to boil 1g of water = 540cal, and to melt 1g of ice is 80cal/g
*42,200 cal Melt the ice = 80 cal/g Raise T from 1-100 = 100 (1cal/deg) Boil water = 540 cal/deg 730cal/g*60g = 43,200 cal
Water is poured into a cylindrical tank at the rate of 9 cubic inches/minute. How long will it take the water to fill the tank if the radius is 3 inches and its height is 14 inches?
*44 min V = (pi*r^2)(h) V = 395.64 in^3 9 in^3/1 min = rate 9x = 395.64*1 x = 43.96 = 44 min
What is the intensity of illumination on top of an assembly bench at a distance of 2 ft from a 200 candle power light? 400 foot-candles 200 foot-candles 100 foot-candles 50 foot-candles
*50 foot-candles The intensity of illumination of a surface is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from the light source. Expressed as a formula: Intensity of Illumination = CandlePower of Source/(Distance^2) = 200/(2^2) =200/4 =50 foot-candles
How many foot-candles of illumination are necessary for work that requires fine assembly? 5 ft-candles 50 ft-candles 500 ft-candles 5000 ft-candles
*500 ft-candles is necessary for the performance of visual tasks of low contrast and very small size over a prolonged period of time, e.g., fine assembly, very difficult inspection. 5 ft-candles is very low light, not for most working environments; 50 ft-candles is a typical office environment lighting level; and 5,000 foot-candles is well beyond the lighting necessary for the task described
Flammable inside storage locations must be provided with all of the following except: A clear aisle at least 22 inches wide A raised 4 inch sill Self-closing fire doors Either gravity or mechanical exhaust system
*A clear aisle at least 22 inches wide Storage using inside storage rooms must normally comply with NFPA 30 which requires that every room inside storage room be equipped with one clear aisle at least 3 feet wide, not 22 inches. The standard also requires a raised 4 inch sill to prevent run off of any spilled material, self-closing fire doors and some type of exhaust system. The minimum width of an exit access in most new business construction is 36 inches.
The characterization of a Class II, Division 2 location, according to the National Electrical Code is? A site where flammable or combustible vapors may be present in sufficient quantities to be hazardous A place where combustible dust is normally present in adequate quantities to be hazardous A scene where flammable or combustible vapors are not normally present, but could be, due to atypical or intermittent operations A location where combustible dust is not normally present but with the potential due to abnormal or periodic operations
*A location where combustible dust is not normally present but with the potential due to abnormal or periodic operations During those times, sufficient dust may be present in the air to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures A Class II, Division 2 location is an area normally free of dust, but due to some incident, dust may be introduced. Mechanical breakdown of a valve or a break in a pipe are examples of conditions that would require an area to be classified as Division 2
What scale should a sound level meter be set to to assess the noise hazard at a plant?
*A-weighted represents human hearing adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
How would you connect "heat", "fuel", "oxygen" to the output "fire"? AND OR Either Neither
*AND
The handling of ethyl ether involves severe explosion hazards because of its High flash point Low vapor pressure Ability to form peroxides A & B
*Ability to form peroxides Ethyl either does have a low FP, high vapor pressure and does form explosive peroxides when in contact with air
Work surface height for standing work places should be designed as follows for precision work: Below wrist height with padded rests for elbows Shoulder height with a back rest Above elbow height with padded forearm rests Standing work places should be discouraged
*Above elbow height with padded forearm rests The work should be placed above elbow height for best posture and provide padded forearm rests to allow resting of arms on surface. Work surfaces below elbow height may cause arm fatigue and shoulder height work will cause back and shoulder fatigue. Standing work places can be well designed to allow for low stress work with low fatigue. Adjustability will allow the employee to determine the best height for their needs.
Water is immediately available in sprinkler piping in a wet pipe system in the event of fire. The sprinkler head fuse is melted by heat from the fire and water is delivered to control or extinguish the ensuing fire. In a pre-action fire sprinkler system: Air under pressure is maintained in the system piping Piping includes open sprinklers Building occupant manually opens a deluge valve, thereby taking pre-action Sprinkler heads are connected to a rate of rise detector which assures a dual fault tolerance
*Air under pressure is maintained in the system piping In a pre-action fire sprinkler system, system piping is pressurized. The piping is charged through the activation of supplemental detection systems located in the same area as the sprinklers. Water is then free to flow through the piping to sprinkler heads. If a sprinkler head has fused (through heat from a fire) water will be delivered to the fire. Pre-action systems are used when there is a danger of serious water damage to the protected area. Calcium carbide combines with water to create the corrosive calcium hydroxide and liberates acetylene (ethyene). Therefore it is not recommended to use a water system with calcium carbide.
when welding immovable objects in an area with a fire hazard, OSHA 1910.252, which action is least appropriate? Suitable fire extinguishing equipment shall be maintained in a state of readiness All moveable objects must be covered with a fire resistive material Whenever there are floor openings or cracks in flooring that cannot be closed, precautions shall be taken so that no readily combustible materials on floor below shall be exposed to sparks potentially dropping through floor Before cutting or welding is permitted, the area shall be inspected by the individual responsible for authorizing cutting and welding operations by means of written permit
*All moveable objects must be covered with a fire resistive material According to OSHA 1910.252, if an object to be welded or cut cannot be readily moved, all moveable fire hazards in the vicinity shall be taken to a safe place
The loss of life from buildings equipped with sprinklers has been: Almost negligible Very low Low Moderate
*Almost negligible Automatic sprinkler protection is a particularly important factor in safeguarding life from fire. NFPA records show that the loss of life by fire in buildings equipped with automatic sprinklers has been almost negligible. The few deaths that have occurred have been unusual circumstances where the sprinkler system was shut off for some reason or where the fire was confined to clothing and did not generate enough heat to fuse sprinklers
The Incident Command System (ICS) recognizes that field response is where response personnel carry out tactical decisions and activities in direct response to an incident, under the command of: Federal Government An appropriate authority Local Government Private Contractors
*An appropriate authority
In designing workplaces, some compromises are almost inevitable because of competing priorities. Here is an accepted order of priorities. Which one of the following priorities is not in the appropriate order? Arrangement of elements to be used in sequence Primary visual tasks Primary controls that interact with primary visual tasks Control-display relationships
*Arrangement of elements to be used in sequence is the 4th priority after control-display relationships
Which of the following statements is not true concerning human behavior? There is not such person as an average person Best approach is to design systems to fit percentiles of the population In fitting personnel to a job consider both physical and personality characteristics Attitude is not an important characteristic of fitting the worker to the task
*Attitude is not an important characteristic of fitting the worker to the task
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water 1degF is called Specific Heat Calorie BTU Kelvin Scale
*BTU
In heat stroke, the Body temperature is lowered Body temperature is elevated Body temperature is normal Patient sweats profusely
*Body temperature is elevated In heat stroke the patient has an elevated temperature and does not sweat
Responders to a fire involving a propane tank would want to prevent a BLEVE, which is an acronym for Burning Liquid & Expanding Vapor Explosion Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion Burning Liquid Elevated Volume Expansion Boiling Liquid Exacerbating Volume Expansion
*Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion which is a major container rupture due to a form of pressure release explosion. This can be caused from external heating such as an adjacent container fire. For this reason, the fire attack scenario of a tank fire would include hose streams directed on adjacent containers, as well as the burning tank.
What is an example of panic hardware? Emergency escape windows from a high-rise building Delayed egress locks Magnetic deadbolts Break away bars on doors
*Break away bars on doors a panic bar (also known as a crash bar, exit device, panic device, or a push bar) is a type of door handle that permits opening the door quickly during emergency conditions. The mechanism consists of a spring-loaded metal bar fixed horizontally to the inside of an outward-opening door. When the lever is either pushed or depressed, it activates a mechanism which unlatches the door, allowing occupants to quickly exit the building
the primary organization dealing with compressed gas cylinder safety is ANSI CGA ASTM NFPA
*CGA Compressed Gas Association Some of the CGA documents are incorporated by reference into the OSHA standards on compressed gas safety
what factor least influences the interchange of heat between man and his environment moisture content of the air air velocity air density air temperature
*air density the density of the air is not one of the major influencing factors in heat exchange between man and the environment
The heart of the systems safety approach is: failure analysis hazard analysis charting and modeling structural analysis
*hazard analysis An effective hazard analysis effort over the life cycle of a system is the spine on which all body components of a safety program are attached. Anticipating and controlling hazards at the design stages of an activity is the cornerstone of a system safety effort.
in workers' compensation cases involving hearing loss, the term low fence is often heard. low fence also varies by state. what is the meaning of this term? minimum noise level the worker must be able to hear hearing threshold level at which impairment begins minimum acceptable dollar value related to the loss maximum acceptable dollar value related to the loss
*hearing threshold level at which impairment begins
the condition that results when the body's heat regulating mechanism fails to function is: heat cramps heat exhaustion heat stroke heat syncope
*heat stroke with heat syncope, cramps, and exhaustion the body is still capable of producing sweat and is, therefore, able to achieve some cooling
In addition to shoring and shielding, what basic type of protective method is permitted to protect workers from a trench cave-in? sloping limiting the workers' exposure times in the trench posting a competent person as a safety observer outside the trench training
*sloping or benching decrease the effective depth of the trench
Which of the following is not a Respirator Qualitative Fit Test? sodium chloride aerosol isoamyl acetate irritant smoke saccharin aerosol
*sodium chloride aerosol is used in Quantitative Fit Testing where the protection factor of the respirator is measured. Qualitative Fit Testing checks for leakage that results in the employee smelling or sensing the presence of the fit test material. The isoamyl acetate has a strong smell like bananas and the irritant smoke causes a sweet taste, if the respirator has a leak
within the three-dimensional envelope of a work space, more specific considerations of work-area design relate to: Specific features of horizontal, vertical, and sloping work surfaces Specific features of horizontal, flat and/or sloping work surfaces Specific features of horizontal, vertical, and flat work surfaces Features of the work situation are determined on the basis of non-anthropometric considerations
*specific features of horizontal, vertical, and sloping work surfaces
the midpoint position of the palpable junction between the proximal end of the clavicle and the sternum at the upper border (jugular notch) of the sternum is called lumbar/sacral lumbar sub-link sternoclavicular thorax
*sternoclavicular
ultrasonic noise can not be heard by the human ear. what does the ear hear during ultrasonic operation? ultrasonic noise subharmonic noise ELF noise you think you hear something
*subharmonic noise you actually hear subharmonics of the ultrasonic noise which are generated in your hearing range. an ultrasonic welder emitting noise at 20 kHz (human limit) will be heard at 10 kHz, the first subharmonic
this technique utilizes a six-step process to analyze and control human errors. the process involves selecting an event, identifying the tasks associated with the event, separating specific behaviors of each task and assigning basic error rates is called: behavioral assessment job safety analysis technique for human error rate prediction operability study
*technique for human error rate prediction 6 step process to analyze and control human errors
the ancillary structures of the human skeleton are appendicular cartilage, ligaments, and axial tendons, ligaments, and appendicular tendons, cartilage, and ligaments
*tendons, cartilage, and ligaments the ancillary structures consist of: cartilage (gristle) - supporting structures that serve to reduce friction and absorb shock at joints ligaments - fibrous tissue, mainly collagen, that hold joints together tendons - fibrous tissue, mainly collagen, that attach muscles to the bone
the carpus is defined as the collection of bones in the hand the wrist bones, collectively the bony eminerice at the distal pertaining to the palm of the hand
*the wrist bones, collectively
metal fume fever is a delayed type of disease with flu-like symptoms. it has been associated with exposure to all of the following except: magnesium oxide fumes nascent zinc oxide fumes zinc oxide fumes thorium oxide fumes
*thorium oxide fumes metal fume fever has been shown to be caused by exposure to freshly generated (nascent) fumes of zinc and magnesium and their oxides. although zinc and magnesium are the most common causes, copper has been known to cause metal fume fever also
a condition which is caused by a very loud impulsive sound can cause a ringing in the ear and an immediate loss of hearing is called anacuses mastoidectomy lateral semnisci tinnitus
*tinnitus
A metatarsal guard provides the following protection: toe toe to inseam toe to ankle toe to knee
*toe to ankle metatarsal guards are commonly used in foundries to protect employees from crushing injuries to the foot
Biological exposure indices's data is important because they include type(s) of exposure in addition to inhalation. which of the following exposures are least likely to be assessed by a BEI? skin absorption injection ingestion transplacental
*transplacental BEIs measure certain biological functions to determine the "total" exposure from all routes. BEIs do not measure transplacental exposures. they may provide some useful information however on exposure of the fetus to workplace chemicals
theory x management assumes which of the following the worker is basically uninterested in work worker must be motivated to work work is natural and resirable two of the above
*two of the above theory x management holds that workers must be made to work by a set of external rewards and punishments. work is not a natural condition.
Which of the following types of interlocks requires 2 simultaneous physical actions by a person - sometimes within a specific time period - to activate the system? timed action interlock two-hand controls sequential controls simultaneous motion interlock
*two-hand controls
safety spectacles would be least effective in protecting an employee's eyes in which of the following situations? chipping rock pouring molten metals working in a high concentration of NH3 sparpening tools at a stand grinder
*working in a high conc of NH3 (ammonia gas)
the thumb and two fingers (often forefinger and index finger) oppose each other at or near the tips. this coupling is known as: writing grip tip grip side pinch pinch grip
*writing grip when the forefinger and index finger oppose each other at or near the tips, it is called the writing grip. arrange your fingers like this and you will see why.
3 common types of heat transfer:
1. radiation - solid bodies of diff temps have a net heat flow from the hotter surface to the cooler surface by electromagnetic radiation (primarily infrared radiation) 2. convection - the exchange of heat between skin and the surrounding air 3. conduction - when 2 solid bodies are in contact, heat will flow from the warmer body to the cooler body
Before renovating, you should _____ pertaining to ACM.
1. review asbestos inspection and assessment records to determine where ACM may be located 2. visually reinspect the area 3. evaluate the likelihood that ACM will be disturbed 4. any ACM that could be disturbed should be sampled and analyzed
An automobile travelling 55 mi/hr is slowing up at the rate of 5 mi/hr/sec. How many seconds will it take to stop?
11 sec V=At Velocity = Acceleration x Time t=V/A = 55/5 = 11
What is the heat required to change 100 gm of water at 15degC to 75deg C?
6000 calories Heat gained or lost during temperature change = mc(t2-t1) m = mass = 100 g c = specific heat of the substance = 1 for water = 100*1(75-15) = 6000
Sensitizers are:
AKA allergens cause an allergic type reaction due to sensitivity from prior exposure an acute response may be swelling of the breaking tubes, which causes breaking difficult can cause chronic lung disease common examples: epoxies, aromatic amines, formaldehyde, nickel metal, and maleic anhydride
UN agency that impacts international hazardous waste transportation overseas?
IMO - International Maritime Organization The International Maritime Dangerous Good Code (IMDGC) relates to the safe carriage of dangerous goods by sea
An effective fire loss control program must include objectives that prevent loss of life and personal injury, prevent inception of fire, protect property, and: Provide means to extinguish fire Provide uninterrupted operations Incorporate the use of fire resistive building materials Effect controls that limit the fire load (amount of combustibles)
Provide uninterrupted operations In any fire loss control program, there is a necessity for a plan that protects against a business interruption. Generally, there is a condition of insurance that you reduce the loss resulting from a business interruption by resuming complete or partial operations on the fire damaged premises and/or making use of other property and materials at another manufacturing facility
Gamma globulin proteins found in blood and used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses, are called:
antibodies plasma proteins capable of combining chemically with specific antigens that introduce their formation an antibody is any of the body globulins that combine specifically with antigens to neutralize toxins, agglutinate bacteria or cells, and precipitate soluble antigens
source reduction is:
any activity which decreases or prevents the creation of a waste or which decreases the toxicity of the waste stream without treatment. it can also mean an activity (other than treatment or ordinary recycling) which prevents a contaminant from entering any waste stream (including fugitive emissions) or being otherwise released into the environment preferred management strategy pollution prevention (P2) = source reduction = waste minimization
DOT hazard class 8 =
corrosive
Hematoxins (substances capable of producing blood disorders) include:
effect bone marrow: - arsenic - bromine - methyl chloride - benzene effect platelets: - aspirin - benzene - tetrachloroethane effect white blood cells: - naphthalene - tetrachloroethane
The Accident Prevention Manual is published by which of the following organizations? OSHA NIOSH NSC NFPA
*NSC
what color identifies moving machine parts? red magenta green orange
*orange
A two piece block and tackle with 5 parts of rope to lift a weight of 3000 lbs requires how much force for lift (no friction)?
600
FTA:
Fault Tree Analysis
risk is an expression of probable loss over a specific time period. it can be expressed in accidents, deaths, dollars, or other units. if a company operates a fleet of 25 trucks worth $22,000 each, and each operates 1,600 hours/year, what is the risk due to total loss per year if the replacement cost for a new truck is 1.2 times the old truck, and accidents occur 4.5 times per 10,000 hrs of operation?
Risk = D*M*N D = loss per accident M = accident rate N = time of measurement = (1.2 * $22,000 / truck) (4.5 x 10^-4 / hr) (25 trucks * 1600 hr/yr) = $475,200/yr
CO poisoning symptoms include
nausea headache rapid pulse low blood pressure
most common ways for toxic materials to enter the body is through:
inhalation eye and skin absorption ingestion injection inhalation - major route of industrial contaminants skin - second route ingestion - third puncture - last most common route at home is ingestion
A workplace with highly variable noise levels, should use a ____ to understand noise exposure:
integrating meter the simplest measuring device is the handheld sound level meter if noise levels are fairly constant throughout the day; acceptable for assessing a workshop where employees spend most of their time in a fixed location next to a changing noise source(s) mobile workers should use personal noise dosimeters if the noise is too variable to follow with a sound level meter, an integrating meter may be used. this meter can integrate, on avg, the changing noise levels over a period of time to produce a time average noise level
what is a useful indicator for determining the adequacy of water treatment and the integrity of the distribution system
total coliforms
"Metal Fume Fever" is primarily caused by inhalation of:
zinc oxide fumes MFF: flu-like symptoms; acture accliction; recovery 1-2 days; daily exposure --> immunity any disruption such as a weekend off will result in a reoccurence of symptoms, usually w greater severity usually zinc oxide fumes, but sometimes from exposure to cadmium, magnesium oxide, & copper oxides
What is the name of the American Society of Safety Engineer's Journal? Professional Safety ASSE Journal Hazards Safety Management
*Professional Safety
voluntary muscle is controlled at will and comprises what percentage of body weight 10% 20% 30% 40%
*40%
You are evaluating a lifting task in your facility that involves moving tote boxes containing parts from a lower conveyor to an upper conveyor at right angles to each other. The tote boxes have 2 handles and are easy to grasp. The tote box handles, when on the lower conveyor, are 10 in. from the floor. When the tote box is on the upper conveyor, the handles are 40 in. from the floor. The center of the belt of both conveyors is 10 in. from the feet of the worker. One lift is required every minute during the full 8-hr shift. The tote box weighs 4 lb. How much material can be placed in the tote box?
*16 lb The NIOSH lifting equation is: RWL = LC * HM * VM * DM * AM * FM * CM LC = 51 lbs HM = (10/H) VM = [1-0.0075 * absolute value of (V-30)] DM = [0.82 + (1.8/D)] AM = (1-0.0032*A) **^ All of the above is part of the lifting equation before we start applying numbers from the problem** These are the numbers we will use in the RWL equation: H = 10 in. (this is the horizontal distance from the feet) V = 10 in. (this is the vertical distance from the floor) D = 30 in. (this is how far the item is lifted vertically) A = 90deg (this is the asymmetry AKA body twisting) FM = 0.75 (this is the frequency factor) CM = 1.00 (this is the coupling factor) RWL = (51 lb)*(10/10)*[1-(0.0075(absolute value 10-30)]*(0.82+(1.8/30)*(1-(0.0032*90))*0.75*1.00 = 51*1*0.85*0.88*0.712*0.75*1.00 = 20.37 lbs Product Weight = RWL-tote weight = 20.37-4 = 16.37 lbs
How many BTUs are required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water from 32degF to 212degF?
*180 BTU 1 BTU is the heat required to raise 1 lb of water 1degF (assuming that the heat capacity of water remains constant throughout the temperature range). Energy = 212-32 = 180 Energy = 180degF * 1BTU/degF = 180 BTU
How long is a stay wire of a smokestack if at a distance of 80 ft from the base it makes an angle of 65deg with the ground?
*189 ft cos65=80/x
what is the minimum atmospheric oxygen concentration (by volume) permitted for employees to perform work without self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or atmosphere-supplying respirators? 15.5% 17.5% 19.5% 23.5%
*19.5% OSHA permits no less than a 19.5% oxygen concentration. Symptoms of hypoxia typically begin at 16%
ANSI recommends the lighting level for corridors in industrial facilities should have a minimum of _____ foot-candles: 10 20 30 40
*20 The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Practice for Industrial Lighting (ANSI A22.2-1984) provides minimum lighting levels for safety purposes. The minimum they recommend for corridors in industrial facilities is 20 foot-candles. The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) publishes a Lighting Handbook which recommends higher illumination levels to maximize productivity
most people, especially the young, can hear sounds between 10 HZ & 12,000 HZ 10 HZ & 20,000 HZ 20 HZ & 12,000 HZ 20 HZ & 20,000 HZ
*20 HZ & 20,000 HZ HZ = cycles/second a steady loss of hearing occurs as people grow older. a person in their sixties often cannot hear frequencies above 12,000 HZ. this phenomenon is known as presbycusis
a paint spray booth operation, according to OSHA, should provide enough dilution air to reduce the vapor of flammable materials to ___ of the LEL 10% 15% 20% 25%
*25% OSHA at 1910.94(c)(6)(ii) states "the total air volume exhausted through a spray booth shall be such as to dilute solvent vapor to at least 25% of the LEL of the solvent being sprayed". The standard gives an example of calculation for a typical solvent.
Heat acclimatization can be effected by: 1 hour out of heat 3 day weekend 2 weeks off Is not effected by time away
*3 day weekend Some loss of acclimatization may be seen after 3 days off
If the annual audiogram shows a standard threshold shift, the employee can obtain a retest within: 7 days 14 days 20 days 30 days
*30 days
Your local fire department has asked you to determine the static pressure at the rooftop standpipe connection on the tallest building at your facility. The standpipe is about 100 ft above the outlet of one of the fire hydrants surrounding the building. You perform a simple static pressure test on the fire hydrant and determine that the static hydrant pressure is 75 psig. Neglecting friction losses, what is the approximate static pressure at the standpipe connection 100 ft above you?
*30 psig 75 psig = 173 ft H2O 173 ft H2O - 100 ft H2O = 73 ft H2O = 31.6 psig 1 psig = 2.306 ft H2O
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, requires emergency lighting to illuminate the means of egress in some occupancies (places of assembly, educational buildings, health care facilities, etc.). When required, these lights must provide not less than 1 ft-candle for a period of 1.5 hours if the normal lighting fails. what are the periodic testing requirements for these lights? 30 second functional test every 30 days and 1.5 hr test annually 30 second functional test monthly 5 minute functional test every 30 days and 1.5 hr test annually 1.5 hr functional test annually
*30 second functional test every 30 days and 1.5 hr test annually NFPA 101, Chapter 31, states that a functional test shall be conducted on every required emergency lighting system at 30-day intervals for a minimum of 30 seconds. An annual test shall be conducted for the 1.5 hr duration. equipment shall be fully operational for the duration of the test. written records of visual inspections and tests shall be kept by the owner for inspection by the authority having jurisdiction. Exception - self-testing/self-diagnostic, battery-operated emergency lighting equipment that automatically performs a minimum 30-second test and diagnostic routine at least once every 30 days and indicates failure by a status indicator shall be exempt from the 30-day functional test, provided a visual inspection is performed at 30-day intervals
If during the first trimester of pregnancy, a female worker's core temperature is exceeded at the following level, for extended periods, there is an increased risk of malformation to the unborn fetus. 39degC or 102.2degF 38degC or 100.4degF 30degC or 86degF 31.1degC or 88degF
*39degC or 102.2degF
Which will not leave a residue? CO2 extinguisher Chemical extinguisher AFFF Dry chemical
*CO2 extinguisher Halons, halon-replacement clean agents and CO2 agents extinguish fire by displacing oxygen (CO2 or inert gases), removing heat from the combustion zone or inhibiting the chemical chain reaction (Halons). They are referred to as clean agents because they do not leave any residue after discharge which is ideal for protecting sensitive electronics, aircraft, armored vehicles and archival storage, museums, and valuable documents Halon are gaseous agents that inhibit the chemical reaction of the fire in Classes B:C and A:B:C depending on the type. Halon gases are banned from new production under the Montreal Protocol, as of Jan 1, 1994 as its properties contribute to ozone depletion and long atmospheric lifetime, usually 400 years. The industry has moved to halon alternatives, nevertheless, halon 1211 is still vital to certain military and industrial users, so there is a need for it. Halocarbon replacements, HCFC have been approved by the FAA for use in aircraft cabins in 2010. Considerations for halon replacement include human toxicity when used in confined spaces, ozone depleting potential, and greenhouse warming potential CO2, a clean gaseous agent which displaces oxygen to extinguish class B:C fires. Not intended for Class A fires, as the high-pressure cloud of gas can scatter burning materials. CO2 is not suitable for use on fires containing their own oxygen source, metals or cooking media
A substance which accelerates the speed of a chemical reaction without changing its own composition is called Reactors Enhancers Masses Catalyst
*Catalyst
The 5 categories of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) are commonly referred to as CBRNE which is an acronym for: Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive Corrosive, Bacterial, Reflexive, Nuclear, and Energetic Chemical, Bacterial, Repsiratory, Neurological, and Explosive Corrosive, Biological, Radiation, Neurological, and Explosive
*Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive defined by the US Dept of Defense
An area where flammable solvents are transferred and stored should be wired as: Class I, Division I Class I, Division II Class II, Division I Class II, Division II
*Class I, Division I required for all electrical wiring (as well as electrical equipment) due to the expectation that a flammable atmosphere may be present at some time from operations. NFPA 70 Article 500-5 (National Electric Code)
A flammable liquid with a FP of 63degF and a BP of 110degF would be classified by the NFPA as a Class I liquid Class IA liquid Class IB liquid Class II liquid
*Class IB liquid A Class I liquid refers to any flammable with a FP below 100degF. A Class IA liquid has a FP below 73degF and a BP below 100degF. A Class IB liquid has a FP below 73degF and a BP at or above 100degF. A Class II liquid has a FP at above 100degF and a BP below 140degF. NFPA 30 (Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code)
Hazardous locations are areas where flammable liquids, gases, or vapors, combustible dusts, or other easily ignitable materials exist in sufficient quantities to produce an explosion or fire. Hazardous locations are classified as Class I, Class II, or Class III. Which one of the following statements is not true? Class I locations are those in which flammable vapors and gases may be present Class II locations are those in which combustible liquids may be found Class III locations are those in which there are ignitable fibers and flyings Class I and Class II locations are subdivided into groups of gases, vapors and dusts having similar properties
*Class II locations are those in which combustible liquids may be found dusts, not liquids
Acetylene can be described as Colorless gas with slight garlic-like odor Pungent, irritating greenish-yellow gas Faint yellow liquid White powder, chlorine-like odor
*Colorless gas with slight garlic-like odor
effective temperature is defined as: A non-comfort index which combines the effects of body temperature, humidity, and air movement Any specific temperature, the vapor pressure, and absolute humidity The rate in which temperature effects the body Comfort index which combines the effects of body temperature, humidity, and air movement
*Comfort index which combines the effects of body temperature, humidity, and air movement
An electrical conduit that is very warm to the touch is discovered during an industrial safety inspection. Which of the following descriptions best fits this condition? Conduit is hot with electric energy due to a ground fault Conduits are always warm to the touch Conduit is likely absorbing radiant heat from the furnace Conduit likely contains overloaded electrical wiring
*Conduit likely contains overloaded electrical wiring One of the most common causes of electrically created fires is overheated wiring because of overloading. Many factors contribute to a safe installation. The wire must be sized (correct gauge) properly to handle the current. Overcurrent protection (fuses or circuit breakers) must also be correctly sized and function properly. Additionally, electrical raceways must not be overloaded with electrical wiring. The sizing of wiring and the amount of wiring allowed for a given size of raceway is strictly regulated in the National Electric Code. Generally conduit will not feel hot to the touch even under severe circuit loading if installed according to code.
A chemical explosion requires oxidizer, fuel, ignition source and which of the following? Overpressure Confinement Reduction Detonation
*Confinement Without confinement, the materials will not explode; they will merely burn with great intensity
which of the following is the best way to reduce unsafe acts? The swift and sure application of negative reinforcement for unsafe acts Studying the behavior pattern and its underlying root causes Consistently applying positive consequences to reinforce appropriate behavior Encouraging behavior avoidance through the application of rewards
*Consistently applying positive consequences to reinforce appropriate behavior studies have shown that the systematic positive reinforcement of appropriate behavior (including behavioral changes) is highly effective toward improving employee attitudes and behavior
All of the following statements are true except Dust-ignition proof equipment is designed to keep ignitable amounts of dust from entering the enclosure Dust may accumulate on electrical equipment, causing overheating of the equipment, as well as the dehydration of gradual carbonization of organic dust deposits Overheated equipment may malfunction and cause a fire Equipment must be designed to operate at the ignition temperature of the specific dust involved even when blanketed
*Equipment must be designed to operate at the ignition temperature of the specific dust involved even when blanketed below the ignition temperature*
You are a safety professional in a large corporation with a high-rise corporate office building. The building is occupied totally by employees of your company except for a few service contractors and first floor space leased by store tenants. Life safety is one of your principle concerns. Strategies for evacuation that you may consider include all the following EXCEPT: Relocating occupants Constructing a vertical exit Constructing a horizontal exit Staging, or phasing, the evacuation
*Constructing a vertical exit Relocation means to move people away from the fire floor, generally two floors up or down from the fire. A horizontal exit on the same floor is possible when fire walls, ceilings, and floors exist that allow people to evacuate through a fully protected enclosure before arriving at a stairwell. Staged evacuation can take several forms but essentially means to evacuate people in stages and to perhaps use a series of safe areas in the staging. There is no such term as a vertical exit.
A group of foundry workers are exposed to an air temperature of 105degF. Which control would be least appropriate? Wear more clothing Decrease the air movement Increase air velocity Decrease the humidity
*Decrease the humidity Wearing more clothing is a physical barrier that blocks radiant energy (i.e. energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation). Air movement and humidity have almost nothing to do with radiant energy control (though they do have a lot of effect with convective energy control). You still get sunburned when the wind is blowing or the humidity is high or low. You don't if you have clothes on (or some other UV barrier). Infrared radiant energy is simply a lower wavelength of the same kind of energy. Instead of causing burns, it just heats the skin.
Manual materials handling tasks can be designed to avoid injuries. Modifications to the object to be handled could include all of the following EXCEPT Design objects so the arms can be easily extended around it Handles or hand holds should be used wherever possible Avoid lopsided weights and loose contents Use hoists or other lift assists when object weight is excessive
*Design objects so the arms can be easily extended around it Extension of the arms around objects should be avoided. Alternatively, use handles, lifting devices, and even weighting to improve the task
once ergonomic hazards are identified through the systematic worksite analysis, which of the following is the next step? Design an Ergonomics Program Design out the hazards Conduct a verification survey Apply Administrative Controls
*Design out the hazards
Experience has indicate the most effective way to reduce accidents is: Training employees to be more safety-conscious Behavior modification Designing safety features into systems Job rotation
*Designing safety features into systems Hazards can be more effectively reduced or eliminated through system design, whereas hazard reduction through changing human behavior is limited and requires continuous reinforcement
when designing an ergonomically desirable work place, which of the following is a good design practice? Allowing room for employees to lean forward or to the side to reach objects Designing the work so that employees can move about and use different muscle groups Placing objects within close reach to discourage movement Designing work which requires the arms to be held up or out
*Designing the work so that employees can move about and use different muscle groups helps prevent overuse of any one muscle group. leaning, restricted movement, and extension of arms all can cause injury over the long-term
For budgeting purposes, how do you calculate the value of a loss control program (neglecting the time value of money)? One cannot calculate the value of a loss control program since one cannot place a value on human injury or death Determine the initial and recurring costs of the loss control program Determine the expected magnitude of loss reduction Determine the expected magnitude of loss reduction and subtract the initial and recurring costs of the loss control program
*Determine the expected magnitude of loss reduction and subtract the initial and recurring costs of the loss control program The value of a loss control program is the result of the expected magnitude of loss reduction, minus the initial and recurring costs of the loss control program
Methods of minimizing rates of repetition in jobs include all of the following EXCEPT Dividing jobs to reduce the number of job elements Allow alternate use of limbs Allow self-pacing Allow frequent rotation between jobs which use different postures and muscles
*Dividing jobs to reduce the number of job elements The goal is to increase the number of job elements to reduce the repetitiveness of the task. This can only be done by combining jobs, not dividing them. The other answers help to reduce repetition through allowing change and alternative to using the same muscles continuously
Hazardous locations are classified as Class I, Class II, or Class III, depending on what type of hazardous substance is or may be present. Each of these classes is divided into two hazard categories, Division 1 and Division 2, depending on the likelihood of the presence of a flammable or ignitable concentration of a substance. Which one of the following statements is false? Division 1 locations are designated as such because a flammable gas, vapor, dust or easily ignitable material is normally present in hazardous quantities Division 2 locations are designated as such because a flammable gas, vapor, dust or easily ignitable material is normally present in hazardous quantities Division 2 locations, the existence of hazardous quantities of these materials is not normal, but they may occasionally exist either accidentally or when material in storage in handled In general, the installation requirements for Division 1 locations are more stringent than for Division 2 locations
*Division 2 locations are designated as such because a flammable gas, vapor, dust or easily ignitable material is normally present in hazardous quantities
Which system design is intrinsically safe? A non-redundant system Double parallel system Cost effective system Single parallel system
*Double parallel system The only redundant system listed is a double parallel
The leading cause of industrial fires is attributed to: Friction (machine bearings) and overheated materials (run-away process temperatures) Careless smoking Electrical (wiring, panels, apparatus) Incendiarism (arson)
*Electrical (wiring, panels, apparatus) Over a recent period of 10 years and 25,000 fires, 23% of the fires they analyzed were attributed to be of an electrical nature
The TLV-TWA Committee in the 1991-92 TLV booklet proposed which of the following changes in the designation of carcinogenic chemicals? No change No longer designate carcinogens Established 5 categories of occupational carcinogens No longer publish exposure limits for carcinogens
*Established 5 categories of occupational carcinogens to better reflect degrees of uncertainty and scientific knowledge A1 - Confirmed Human Carcinogens A2 - Suspected Human Carcinogens A3 - Animal Carcinogens A4 - Not classifiable as a Human Carcinogen A5 - Not suspected as a Human Carcinogen
One class of organic chemicals that form potentially explosive peroxides is: Ethers Ketones Alkyls Aniline
*Ethers With age, ethers can form explosive peroxides. These peroxides, in many cases, can be seen as crystal growth in the ether solution
A sudden and violent release of large amounts of gas is called: Permissible explosive Low reaction Deflagration Explosion
*Explosion
In the theory of fire extinguishment, all of the following are believed appropriate, EXCEPT: Extinguishment by cooling Extinguishment by oxygen dilution Extinguishment by fuel removal Extinguishment by fire break
*Extinguishment by fire break
Which of the following designs will NOT allow equipment to operate? Fail active Fail passive Fail safe Fail operational
*Fail passive
A system that is designed to shut down when one or more critical components fail is called Fail safe Interlock Circuit breaker Fuse
*Fail safe There are times when a system, guard, elevator, and other high risk equipment are designed to shut down when one or more critical components fail. When this occurs, it will do so in a safe position or condition without the experience of a major loss
Which of the following is not correct? Intensity - How much light a source gives off in a given direction Lumen - unit of light output from a light source Footcandle - Quantity of a light falling on a surface Footlambert - How much light is reflected from a surface
*Foodlambert - How much light is reflected from a surface Footlambert - Amount of light emitted or reflected from a surface. A surface emitting one lumen per square foot of surface has a luminance (brightness) of one footlambert. Reflectance - How much light is reflected from a surface. A perfectly white surface has a reflectance of 1 or 100%
Good ergonomic design for standing workstations would include the following EXCEPT Opportunity for frequent adjustments in posture Anti-fatigue floor mats Foot rests or a bar rail Foot controls for adjustments of work
*Foot controls for adjustments of work Foot controls should be avoided for standing workstations, since this can cause shifting of weight to one leg and abnormal postures. Frequent adjustments, floor mats, and foot rests allow the employee to pick and choose the most comfortable position as needed.
The temperature of a block of ice while melting remains constant. In the course of changing state, the block of ice is: Giving up energy Gaining energy but using energy to change state Converting energy to mass It neither gives up nor gains energy
*Gaining energy but using energy to change state In the process of melting, the block of ice gains heat energy. To illustrate, if a block of ice is heated, its temperature will reach 32degF. The temperature then remains constant and the ice begins to melt. As more heat is added, more ice will melt until it all turns to 32degF water. The energy gained by the ice is used to melt it.
Vapors of flammable and combustible liquid are: Generally heavier than air Lighter than air Normally liquid at room temperature and have molecular weights lower than those which are gases Unstable and unpredictable
*Generally heavier than air The vapors of flammable liquids are generally heavier than air. Examples are alcohol, naptha, gasoline, kerosene, and carbon disulfide. This is logical because gas or vapor density is proportional to molecular weight, and the compounds which are normally liquids at room temperature have higher molecular weights than those which are gases. Note that because vapors of flammable and combustible liquids are heavier than air, they tend to settle in lower areas and the trail of vapors can spread far from the liquid itself. If this vapor trail contacts a source of ignition, the resulting fire can FLASHBACK to the source of the vapors
Which of the following statements is not true? Generally, equipment installed in Class I locations need not be approved as explosion proof Since it is impractical to keep flammable gases outside of enclosures, arcing equipment must be installed in enclosures that are designed to withstand an explosion The equipment must not only be strong enough to withstand an internal explosion, but the enclosures must be designed to vent the resulting explosive gases Venting must ensure that the gases are cooled to a temperature below that of ignition temperature of the hazardous substance involved before being released into the hazardous atmosphere
*Generally, equipment installed in Class I locations need not be approved as explosion proof
Flow testing an industrial fire hydrant requires what instrument? Pitot tube with gauge Aneroid with gauge Magnehelic gauge Burdon gauge with pickup tube
*Pitot tube with gauge used for flow testing water
What provides the best protection when transferring an extremely flammable liquid from a 55 gallon drum via a hand pump to a small metal safety can? Ground both containers Bond containers together Bond containers together and ground each to a separate low resistance ground Ground each container to a single low resistance ground and then bond them to each other
*Ground each container to a single low resistance ground and then bond them to each other Bonding is the process of connecting 2 or more conductive objects together by means of a conductor to minimize the potential electric difference between them. Grounding is the process of connecting the the conductive object to the ground, and is a specific type of bonding. A conductive object may also be grounded by bonding it to another conductive object that is already connected to the ground. Bonding minimizes potential differences between conductive objects. Grounding minimizes potential differences between conductive objects and the ground. The purpose of grounding or bonding in this question is to insure that there is no potential differences between the containers and earth ground; therefore, all objects must be connected to the same grounding point and bonded together. Alternatively, the same objective could be accomplished by insulating the drum and can from the earth ground and then bonding the drum to the can.
Which of the following groups of hydrocarbons would have the greatest chance of not being flammable? Aliphatic hydrocarbons Aromatic hydrocarbons Halogenated hydrocarbons Ethers
*Halogenated hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain atoms of carbon and hydrogen only. They are broadly classified into two types, that is; aliphatic and aromatic. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are subdivided into saturated and unsaturated compounds and include the alkanes: methane, ethane, propane and butane. Aromatic hydrocarbons are derivative of the parent compound benzene. Ethers are members of a class of organic compound in which an oxygen atom has bridged between 2 hydrocarbon groups. Aliphatic ethers are highly volatile and extremely flammable. Hydrocarbons that have been partially halogenated burn, but generally with much less ease than their nonhalogenated analogs. The fully halogenated derivatives such as carbon tetrachloride are non-combustible.
When a fuel and oxidizer reacts so rapidly on being mixed at room temperature that combustion starts immediately without an outside ignition source, it is known as: Hypergolic Explosive Adiabatic Flammable
*Hypergolic a hypergolic reaction is a reaction where heat initially emitted will initiate combustion with no other ignition source required
If an employee is exposed to continuous noise at the level of 90 dBA averaged over the eight hour work day the employer must do all of the following except Implement feasible engineering or administrative controls Include the employees in a Hearing Conservation Program Establish a Hearing Conservation Program Isolate the noise source
*Isolate the noise source OSHA's hearing conservation standard requires that feasible administrative or engineering controls be implemented if exposure is 90 dBA or higher. If exposures are 85 dBA or higher then a Hearing Conservation Program must be established and any exposed employees must be enrolled in it
There are several management theories of motivation, such as Theory X and Theory Y. Which of the following is NOT true? Theory X - The worker is uninterested and unmotivated to work Theory Y - The worker is interested and motivated to work Job Enrichment Theory of Herzberg - Work environment, benefits, and work conditions are all-important Job Enrichment Theory of Herzberg - Work must be meaningful, must provide recognition, give responsibility, and allow for professional growth in order to motivate the worker
*Job Enrichment Theory of Herzberg - Work environment, benefits, and work conditions are all-important Herzberg believed that hygiene issues (such as work environment, benefits, and work conditions) are necessary before motivation and resultant productivity increases can occur but do not result in motivation. Instead, workers are motivated by work that is meaningful, provides recognition, gives responsibility, and allows for professional growth.
A technique that utilizes a method of developing job procedures that includes a systematic task analysis that examines each step, and preventative or corrective actions required to ensure a safe operation is called: Job safety analysis Task analysis Operability study Systematic task analysis
*Job safety analysis
Manual materials handling tasks can be designed to avoid injuries. Modifications to the task could include all of the following EXCEPT Keep loads as close to the body as possible during lifting Keep loads off the floor by using platforms or stands Keep all repetitive lifts between knee and waist height Avoid twisting, stretching, or leaning with the load
*Keep all repetitive lifts between knee and waist height Repetitive lifts should be kept between knuckle and shoulder height to reduce bending and reaching for the load. Keeping the loads close to the body, off the floor, and avoiding twisting, stretching, or leaning will help avoid the musculoskeletal, crushing, or falling injuries frequently caused by manual materials handling.
Manipulative tasks are highly repetitive and can cause an overload on muscles and joints. The following are good design guidelines for manipulative arm and hand work EXCEPT Keep movements of arms and hands well within the full range of motion of body joints Don't force body joints to the extreme of their range of motion Keep elbows at 60 degrees and at or above mid-torso height Keep wrists straight
*Keep elbows at 60 degrees and at or above mid-torso height Elbows should be kept at 90 degrees and below mid-torso height for maximum comfort and least strain on the muscles and tendons. Keeping body joints within the range of motion and away from extremes reduces potential for strains and sprains. Straight wrists will prevent repetitive motion injuries.
Interlocks are one of the most commonly used safety devices. Identify the appropriate interlock device below. Nonalignment of two or more parts prevents further action. Path Separation Position Interlock Key Interlock Path Coding
*Position Interlock
Which of the following is not considered a phase of Emergency Management? Response Recovery Mitigation Litigation
*Litigation The coordinated response to and recovery from an event is the main stay of Emergency Management. Preparedness is planning how to respond in case an emergency or disaster occurs and working to increase the resources that are available to respond effectively Response involves the effective and efficient application of assets and activities to resolve the immediate impacts of an event. In the case of a planned event, response activities include the application of sufficient resources to ensure that the event occurs without undue or unexpected undesirable outcomes Recovery activities occur until all community systems return to normal or nearly normal conditions. This includes both short-term and long-term recovery actions Mitigation refers to those actions and activities taken to reduce or eliminate the chance of occurrence or the effects of a disaster
The concept of "hierarchy of needs" was developed by: Freud Maslow Jung MacGregor
*Maslow Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a critical component of many management theories dealing with human needs
The theory on human motivation which declares that workers are uninterested in and unmotivated toward work; to motivate them to work, a system of rewards and punishments is necessary, applies to: McGregor's Theory Y McGregor's Theory X Herzberg's Job-enrichment Theory Likert's Theory
*McGregor's Theory X In an attempt to analyze how management personnel view human motivation, McGregor evolved the notion there are 2 basic ways in which management can view the worker: Theory X - assumes the worker is essentially uninterested and unmotivated to work Theory Y - assumes the worker is basically interested and motivated to work
Hazardous processes confined in buildings pose a serious threat to life safety and property when gases, vapors, and/or dusts are inadvertently released. MEC defines which of the following? Maximum environmental control Maximum environmental concentration Maximum explosion concentration Minimum explosion concentration
*Minimum explosion concentration for dusts when a process is installed inside a building
Pressure piping of flammable or combustible liquids or gases can pose a serious threat when such piping is exposed to fire. Where can minimum standards be found for natural gas piping, including pressure limits? ANSI/ASME B31.1 NFPA 51B NFPA 54 ASME, Section IX
*NFPA 54, the National Fuel Gas Code
Neutron radiation's effect on the human body is best described as:
*Neutron radiation causing release of secondary radiation in body Most of the damage in the human body from exposure to neutron radiation is due to the secondary release of gamma, beta, or alpha radiation within the body This secondary radiation causes tissue damage Determining the does within the human body is difficult and depends on the amount of neutrons absorbed and energy distribution
An electrician assures you that the standard duplex wall receptacle is wired correctly. She shows you on her multimeter (properly set for AC voltage) that the voltage across the brass-colored terminal and the terminal labeled with a "W" is 115 V. Do you agree with her assurance that the receptacle is wired correctly? Yes No. Ask her to test the voltage across the brass-colored terminal and the green-colored terminal. If it reads 115 V, then agree with her assurance. No. Ask her to test the voltage across the "W"-labeled terminal and the green-colored terminal. If it reads 115 V, then agree with her assurance No. Ask her to test the voltage across the "W"-labeled terminal and the green-colored terminal. If it reads 0 V, then agree with her assurance.
*No. Ask her to test the voltage across the "W"-labeled terminal and the green-colored terminal. If it reads 0 V, then trust her assurance. There should be no voltage across the grounded conductor ("W"-labeled terminal) and the ground wire (green-colored terminal). If there is voltage, then the white wire and the black wire (hot wire) are reversed
the following defines the upper respiratory system in appropriate order: Nose, epiglottis, trachea, lobes of lungs, pleura and bronchi Nose, pharnyx, larnyx and trachea Nose, pharnyx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, lobes of lungs, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi and alveoli Nose, pleura, pharnyx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, lobes of lungs, primary bronchi and secondary bronchi
*Nose, pharnyx, larnyx and trachea the upper respiratory system is generally agreed to consist of the nasal cavity, pharnyx and larnyx. the lower respiratory system consists of the trachea, primary bronchi and the lungs
Building fire safety is achieved by all of the following except: Separating ignitors from ignitable materials Managing the impact of a fire through building design Take measurements to control products of combustion Organizing a fire brigade
*Organizing a fire brigade Building fire safety may be achieved either by fire (ignition) prevention or, if a fire does occur, by managing its impact through building design. Fire prevention is accomplished by separating ignitiors from ignitable materials. The products of combustion that must be considered by the building designer are categorized as thermal (flame and heat) and nonthermal (smoke and gases).
Which of the following is not a General Boiler Category of the ASME Code? PVG: Requirements for non-organic fluid vaporizers PMB: Requirements for miniature boilers PFT: Requirements for fire tube boilers PEB: Requirements for electric boilers
*PVG: Requirements for non-organic fluid vaporizers
Storage tanks should be spaced so that the thermal radiation intensity from an exposing fire is low enough to prevent the contents of the adjacent tanks from igniting. The tolerances of tanks to thermal radiation can be increased by all of the following EXCEPT Painting vessels with a non-reflective color Providing a fixed water spray system Insulating the tank shell Fireproofing the tank shell
*Painting vessels with a non-reflective color this would encourage the absorption of heat
The reliability of a system is enhanced by adding a component in: Parallel Series Sequence Progression
*Parallel The addition component, which performs the same function within a given system, makes it redundant (or parallel). Conversely, the reliability of a system is diminished by adding a component in series
An employer who elects to establish a fire brigade must do all of the following except Prepare and maintain a written organizational statement Provide education and training for all fire brigade members commensurate with assigned duties Provide protective clothing to employees at no cost Provide CPR training
*Provide CPR training Requirements for the organization, training and protective equipment for fire brigades, industrial fire departments and private or contractual type fire departments are covered by OSHA [29 CFR 1910.156]. OSHA mandates that an organizational statement which establishes the existence of a fire brigade; the basic organization structure; the type, amount, and frequency of training provided members; and membership and duty roster all be provided and maintained in written form. Also, the employer shall provide at no cost to the employee protective clothing which complies with assigned duties.
The boom indicator on a mobile crane: Provides the angle of the boom Shows the safe load with the boom at any angle Indicates load capacity Signals when the crane is out of balance
*Provides the angle of the boom A boom indicator is a device that shows the angle of the boom. The boom angle is used in conjunction with the crane load chart to determine safe loads. Modern load measuring systems for cranes allow for real-time direct reading of actual crane load and can provide output warnings indicating that the rated capacity is approaching. Such devices can even be integrated with the crane controls to stop the crane operation.
Barrier creams: Neutralize potential irritants Reduce contact of the irritants with skin Are preferred to gloves in most cases Are not effective
*Reduce contact of the irritants with skin provide a protective barrier between the skin and the chemical. They are not neutralizing agents for chemicals
The tendency for an individual who finds himself in a frustrating circumstance and reverts to an earlier form of behavior, such as putting on a temper tantrum, is called: Negativism Aggression Reactivity Regression
*Regression
The tendency for an individual to give up - to withhold any sense of emotional or personal involvement in the situation is called: Resignation Aggression Regression Reactivity
*Resignation
Under ICS, the Command Staff positions include: Safety Officer, Public Information Officer, and Liaison Officer Liaison Officer, Operations Section Chief, and Finance and Administration Section Chief Public Information Officer, Chief Executive Officer, and Safety Officer Logistics Section Chief, Safety Officer, and the Contracting Officer
*Safety Officer, Public Information Officer, and Liaison Officer ICS is organized into 3 components: Incident Command Command Staff General Staff Incident Command can be comprised either of a single Incident Commander or a Unified Command. The Command Staff (CS) members perform incident-wide tasks and report directly to the IC. The three most common CS positions include: Safety Officer - responsible for the safe operations of all tasks performed on-site. The safety office has the essential authority to terminate any operations deemed to be unsafe, and even to override the authority of the IC to do so Public Information Officer - The PIO is responsible for passing information regarding the incident to the public and to the media. Traditionally the PIO was responsible for press releases and public warning statements issues through the media. In recent years with the huge explosion of social media the PIO position has expanded greatly Liaison Officer - this position is responsible for interacting and coordinating with other response entities not represented in the incident to provide their input on legal issues and resource availability
Which of the following is not true? Equipment with wiring approved as intrinsically safe is acceptable in any hazardous (classified) location for which it is designated All interconnections between circuits must be evaluated to be sure that an unexpected source of ignition is not introduced through other non-intrinsically safe equipment Intrinsically safe equipment is not capable of releasing sufficient electrical or thermal energy under normal or abnormal conditions to cause ignition of specific flammable or combustible atmospheric mixtures in their most easily ignitable concentrations Separation of intrinsically safe and non-intrinsically safe wiring is not necessary to ensure that the circuits in hazardous (classified) locations remain safe
*Separation of intrinsically safe and non-intrinsically safe wiring is not necessary to ensure that the circuits in hazardous (classified) locations remain safe
Fire has various stages of burning. all the following are true EXCEPT Incipient Stage - No viable smoke, flame or significant heat is developed, but a significant amount of combustion particles are generated over a period of time Smoldering Stage - The quantity of combustion particles decreases to the point where they become almost invisible Flame Stage - The point of ignition occurs and flame start Heat Stage - Large amount of heat, flame, smoke and toxic gases are produced
*Smoldering Stage The quantity of combustion particles increases to the point where they become visible (smoke)
Hearing loss due to non-occupational noise sources such as: household noise, TV, radio, traffic, etc.
*Sociocusis
Which of the following chemicals is not combustible? Carbon black Sulfur Lamp black Sodium chloride
*Sodium chloride Basically, all organic chemicals are combustible and inorganic chemicals (ex. sodium chloride or salt) are non-combustible. Before ignition can occur, they must be preheated.
The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gm of material by 1degC is a characteristic property of the material. It is commonly called: Calorie Specific Heat BTU Temperature Rise
*Specific Heat of water is 1 calorie, the heat that is required to raise the temp 1degC
What should work methods be designed to reduce? Static postures Static postures, extreme and awkward postures Static, extreme, and awkward postures, repetitive motion, and excessive force Frequency of movement
*Static, extreme, and awkward postures, repetitive motion, and excessive force these stressors should be designed out, when designing appropriate work methods
If a small mobile crane with rubber tires has struck a power line and is apparently dead, lying across the crane boom, what is the proper course of action for the crane operator? Jump from the crane and run away Stay in the crane until the emergency crew arrives Have an oiler knock the power line from the boom with a wood pole Swing boom back and forth until the line breaks or falls off
*Stay in the crane until the emergency crew arrives Each power line contact situation poses different problems. However, the generally accepted guidance is for the crane operator to stay in the cab until power company emergency crews arrive. Often power lines are equipped with fault clearing re-closers, which will reapply power to a faulted line after a few minutes. The re-closer can cycle three or four times before the line is really disconnected and then it is still unsafe because of cross feed situations. Departing the cab should only be considered if a fire or other situation requires it. Jumping from the cab with feet together is the only safe departure method. Contact must be avoided with the energized crane and earth and step potential must be kept at a minimum.
The term Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT), is defined as: The maximum temperature of a liquid at which it gives off vapor sufficient to form an ignitable mixture with air The minimum temperature of a liquid at which it gives off vapor sufficient to form an ignitable mixture with air The ambient temperature at which a self-sustaining chemical reaction of stored organic peroxides will occur The rate of decomposition of certain organic peroxides when stored at very high temperatures
*The ambient temperature at which a self-sustaining chemical reaction of stored organic peroxides will occur = the ambient temperature at which a run-away reaction will likely occur
Flammable limits and range is defined as: The range in which flammable liquids can not ignite The range in which flammable liquids can explode The range in which liquids form flammable mixtures with maximum concentrations of vapor in air or oxygen The range in which gases or vapors form flammable mixtures with air or oxygen
*The range in which gases or vapors form flammable mixtures with air or oxygen There is a minimum concentration of vapor in air or oxygen below which propagation of flame does not occur on contact with a source of ignition
The vapor-air density is defined as: The weight of a vapor-air mixture resulting from the vaporization of a flammable liquid at equilibrium temperature and pressure conditions as compared with the weight of an equal volume of air under the same conditions The weight of a volume of a pure gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure The density of a solid or liquid substance is the ratio of the weight of the substance to the weight of the same volume of another substance A hazard which exists wherever material that will burn or oxidize readily is available
*The weight of a vapor-air mixture resulting from the vaporization of a flammable liquid at equilibrium temperature and pressure conditions as compared with the weight of an equal volume of air under the same conditions
In some combustible gas meters, an electrical circuit consisting of a series of resistors is used to measure the mixture of combustible gas to air. This circuit is called:
*Wheatstone Bridge the resistors are balanced and one leg of the circuit, called a hot wire, causing exposure to the suspect atmosphere. If a combustible mixture is present, a catalytic combustion increases wire resistance and causes an imbalance
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - biological - security - social - ego/status - self-realization. Once a lower need is met a person seeks the next higher need. All of the following factors complicate hierarchical motivation EXCEPT Multiple Motivation - People are often motivated by more than one need - for example, seeking recognition from fellow workers and supervisor Psychological Needs - These are continuing needs such as recognition and affection Conflicting Motives - Some motives can cause conflict - for example, desiring a promotion but fearing responsibilities Withdrawal Needs - Removes self from situation - physically or psychologically
*Withdrawal Needs - Removes self from situation - physically or psychologically
cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) is an acute injury caused by repetitive motion a chronic illness caused by exposure to extremes in temperature a chronic injury caused by an accumulation of micro-injuries an acute form of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
*a chronic injury caused by an accumulation of micro-injuries CTD is a type of chronic musculoskeletel injury that is cause d by an accumulation of many micro injuries over a period of time. acute or macro injuries cause immediate pain and damage from sudden or extreme force, while micro injuries are from low-intensity stresses that accumulate over a long period of time
anthropometric data is widely used in epidemiology ergonomics/human factors engineering biomechanics b & c
*b & c anthropometry is concerned with measurement of the human body included in these measurements are body dimensions, range of body member and muscle strength. also considered are dimensions taken statically and dynamically. viewed in physical terms, the body is a complex system of levers and motors attached to a frame. biomechanics deals with the study and function of the body in relation to dynamics of man-machine systems. ergonomics/HFE use anthropometric data to design and construct equipment, tools, etc. that work safely and efficiently with humans
the color used to denote information is: blue red yellow orange
*blue
There are no established safety specifications for: bump caps safety glasses respirators boilers
*bump caps bump caps were originally developed by the airline industry for work inside fuselages. They have no established specs.
chemical protective clothing (CPC) can introduce the following hazards to an emergency responder except heat stress visual limitations physical limitations carbon monoxide
*carbon monoxide CPC can cause discomfort to the wearer, especially heat stress and many physiological stresses during use. An SCBA is worn which supplies uncontaminated breathing air
Dermatitis would be a major concern with the permeability of ______ while wearing neoprene gloves
*carbon tetrachloride, methyl alcohol, benzene can be absorbed in amounts great enough to cause injury to organs other than the skin neoprene protects against most common oils, aliphatic hydrocarbons, etc. not satisfactory for aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, etc.
cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) are rapidly becoming a major source of Workers' Compensation dollar loss. The most common form is: bursitis carpal tunnel syndrome kaolinosis tendpnitis
*carpal tunnel syndrome carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disease of workers performing repeated exertions or movements of the fingers/hand and wrist which compress the median nerve int he carpal tunnel. it is often associated with tingling, pain, or numbness in the thumb and first three fingers, frequently resulting in lost time and workers' compensation costs
a common injury to the wrist involving the median nerve that produces tingling and numbness is: wrist drop carpal tunnel syndrome raynaud's syndrome white finger
*carpal tunnel syndrome is an injury/inflammation of the carpal tunnel of the wrist. the median nerve is compressed resulting in numbness and tingling in areas served by the median nerve. other symptoms are also common i.e. pain and sometimes muscle atrophy
The fire tetrahedron states that combustion requires an oxidizer, fuel, heat, and which of the following? confinement surface area chain reaction deflagration
*chain reaction According to the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, for combustion to occur, 4 components are necessary: Oxygen (oxidizing agent) Fuel (substrate) Heat (ignition) Self-Sustaining Chemical Reaction (chain reaction) Each component of the tetrahedron must be in place for combustion to occur. If ignition has already occurred, the fire is extinguished when one of the components is removed from the reaction
GCFI operates on sensing leakage of resistance current ohms watts
*current GFCIs are designed to interrupt the circuit when leakage current (amps) occurs between a conductor and the shield. The definition of a ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is located in Article 100 of the NEC and is as follows: "A device intended for the protection of personnel that functions to de-energerize a circuit or portion thereof within an established period of time when a current to ground exceeds the values established for a Class A device." A Class A GCFI trips when the current to ground has a value in the range of 4 miliamps to 6 miliamps, and references UL 943, the Standard for Safety for Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupters. OSHA 1910.399 defines a ground fault circuit interrupter, of GFCI, as "a device whose function is to interrupt the electric circuit to load when a fault current to ground exceeds some predetermined value, that is less than that required to operate the over-current protective device of the supply circuit." A voltmeter is a tool used to detect current leakage.
If the air temperature is above the skin temperature you should ____ the air velocity to reduce the convective load increase decrease stop not change
*decrease If the air temperature is above the skin temperature, increasing the air velocity will increase the convective load, however it may increase the heat loss by evaporation
the most frequent occupational disease is attributed to pnemoconiosis (PCS) dermatosis chemical poisoning radioactive exposure
*dermatosis industrial skin diseases account for more than half of all compensation claims for occupational disease. these claims are scattered throughout all types of industry and sometimes appear where occupational skin disease may be least expected. there are two general types of dermatitis, primary irritation and sensitization. cause can be classified under the headings of: chemical agents, mechanical agents, physical agents, plant poisons and biological agents
quality of illumination pertains to the Distribution of brightness in the visual environment Desirable number of foot candles that satisfies environmental needs Illumination ratio between surfaces Differences in the ratio between the light source and reflected surface
*distribution of brightness in the visual environment The factors to be considered for good illumination are quantity, the amount of illumination that procedures brightness on the task and its surroundings, and quality, which pertains to the distribution of brightness in a visual environment and includes the color of light, its direction, diffusion and degree of glare. in a positive sense, quality of illumination implies that all brightnesses contribute favorably to visual performance, visual comfort, ease of seeing, safety, and aesthetics for the specific task involved
One of the problems with the old method of using cotton earplugs is cerumen. Cerumen is also detrimental to some of the modern earplugs. What is cerumen? ear canal hair cells earwax fluids secreted by the cochlea secretions of the hypothalamus
*earwax if cotton plugs were used the earwax would bind the cotton together minimizing the protective effect
The forklift truck primarily recommended for use in an area that contains a flammable vapor is electric diesel LP-gas gasoline
*electric According to 29CFR1910.178, the electric is the only forklift truck authorized in certain flammable atmospheres
When a chemical reaction takes place an initial energy is needed to move the reaction up an energy "hill". This energy that is needed to get the reaction going is called: Enthalpy Entropy Energy of activation Excitation energy
*energy of activation Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy
Good engineering controls for manual materials handling tasks are based on which of the following principles? anthropometry epidemiology ergonomics physiology
*ergonomics Good engineering controls involve designing the workplace to fit the worker is one of the definitions for Ergonomics. The key scientific areas that have been studied for the purpose of developing ergonomic guidelines for workplace design include: anthropometry, biomechanics, epidemiology and physiology
heat energy of the body can be lost by radiation convection conduction evaporation
*evaporation
which of the following is not a symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome cannot tell hot from cold excessive sweating of hand and wrist lack of strength trouble performing simple manipulative tasks
*excessive sweating of the hand and wrist carpal tunnel syndrome patients often develop autonomic nerve damage which results in loss of the sweat function, leaving dry, shiny skin. the remainder of the answers are common symptoms of CTS
Back Disorder Risk Factors include all of the following except excessive vibration prolonged sitting inappropriate body mechanics continued bending
*excessive vibration is considered a CTD risk factor according to OSHA guidelines
a form of pulmonary function testing is FVC, which means full volume capacity forced vital capacity full vital capacity forced volume capacity
*forced vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled forcefully after a maximal inspiration, exhaling as fast as possible
Which is not a particulate? fume mist gas smoke
*gas fume - solid particles generated by condensation from the gaseous state, generally after volatilization from melted substance (ex. welding), and often accompanied by a chemical reaction such as oxidation. Gases and vapors are not fumes. Mist - an aerosol consisting of liquid particles generated by condensation of a substance from the gaseous to the liquid state Gas - a substance that is the gaseous state at room temperature and pressure Smoke - a visible suspension of carbon or other particles in air, typically one emitted by a burning substance
Which of the following would be most effective in reducing dermatitis in electroplaters? barrier creams gloves local exhaust ventilation frequent hand washing
*gloves prevent contact with the offending agent
Static electricity is best described as: Low current with low voltage Low voltage with high current High voltage with low current High voltage with high current
*high voltage with low current A static electrical charge may be wither positive or negative and is manifested when some force has separated the positive electrons from the negative protons of an atom. Typical forces include flowing, mixing, pouring, pumping, filtering, or agitating materials where there is the forceful separation of two like or unlike materials. Examples of static generation are common with operations involving the movement of liquid hydrocarbons, gases contaminated with particles (ex. metal scale and rust), liquid particles (ex. paint spray, steam), and dust or fibers (ex. drive belts, conveyors). The static electric charging rate is increased greatly by increasing the speed of separation (ex. flow rate and turbulance), low conductivity materials (ex. hydrocarbon liquids), and surface area of the interface (ex. pipe or hose length, and micropore filters). Protection from effects of static electricity include: identification of potential static buildup areas; measures to reduce the rate of static electricity generation; and provisions to dissipate accumulated static electricity discharges. Control measures include bonding and grounding, inerting, and humidity control. The lower the humidity, the higher the potential for static electricity buildup
work operations, reach, operator's position and posture are all best analyzed by: civil engineers human factor engineers safety engineers environmental engineers
*human factor engineers would utilize these variables to conduct studies
the optimum locations for "components" would be predicated on which of the following? Anthropometric and biomechanical characteristics Human sensory, anthropometric, and biomechanical characteristics Performance of some operational activity Body dimension and reach
*human sensory, anthropometric, and biomechanical characteristics it is reasonable to hypothesize that any given component has a generally "optimum" location, which would be predicated on the human sensory, anthropometric, and biomechanical characteristics
Which of the following is not an oxidizer? fluorine hydrazine potassium permanganate hydrogen peroxide
*hydrazine Oxidizing agents generally are recognizable by their structures or names. They tend to have a high oxygen ratio in their structures and sometimes release oxygen as a result of thermal decomposition. Oxidizing agents often have per prefixes (perchlorate, peroxides, and permanganate) and end in -ate (chromate, nitrate, chlorate). Strong oxidizers have more potential incompatibilities than perhaps any other chemical group (with the possible exception of water-reactive substances). Oxidizers should not be stored or mixed with any other material except under carefully controlled conditions. Storing oxidizing and reducing agents where they could mix can be a recipe for disaster. Common oxidizing agents listed in decreasing order of oxidizing strength include: fluorine chlorine ozone sulfuric acid (concentrated) hydrogen peroxide oxygen perchloric acid (concentrated) hydrochlorous acid metallic iodates metal chlorates bromine lead dioxide ferric (iron +3) salts metallic permanganates iodine metallic dichromates sulfur nitric acid (concentrated) stannic (tin +4) salts
consider the design placement of components. which of the following terms relates to the principle in which the performance of the activity with the component is vital to the achievement of the objectives of the system? importance principle functional principle sequence-of-use frequency-of-use
*importance principle the determination of importance is largely a matter of judgement
When designing a safety program, it is essential that psychological factors like: 1) individual differences 2) motivation 3) emotion 4) attitudes and 5) ______ be considered. reward punishment learning negativism
*learning Learning underlies much of what makes for differences and similarities among people. Through learning, people have developed certain kinds of psychological needs, habitual patterns of behavior, ways of reacting to emotion, and the attitudes which brought them into the workplace. It is essential to consider learning because training is a major consideration in safety programming.
which of the following does not apply when one considers the design of physical space and arrangement of components? frequency-of-use sequence-of-use link principle importance principle
*link principle is not an appropriate term. the other terms all directly apply to the design of the physical space.
Hep B infects the:
*liver can develop into serious/fatal problems such as - cirrhosis - liver cancer - chronic liver disease some people have no symptoms and can be carriers HBV is more common and is a much hardier virus than HIV; it can exist on a surface for up to 30 days --> greater hazard than HIV
who is responsible for packaging and labeling hazardous materials for shipment? manufacturer carrier receiver distributor
*manufacturer
Which of the following is NOT an example of protective footwear? safety-toed boots metatarsal guards molders (foundry) shoes conductive footwear
*metatarsal guards Metatarsal guards are not shoes; they typically are strapped to the outside of a shoe to protect the instep area from impact and compression. Metatarsal guards are typically made of aluminum, steel, fiber or plastic Safety shoes have impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles that protect the feet against hot work surfaces common in roofing, paving and hot metal industries. The metal insoles of some safety shoes protect against puncture wounds. Safety shoes may also be designated to be electrically conductive to prevent the buildup of static electricity in areas with the potential for explosive atmospheres or nonconductive to protect workers from workplace electrical hazards Electrically conductive shoes provide protection against the buildup of static electricity. Employees working in explosive and hazardous locations such as explosives manufacturing facilities or grain elevators must wear conductive shoes to reduce the risk of static electricity buildup on the body that could produce a spark and cause an explosion or fire. Foot powder should not be used in conjunction with protective conductive footwear because it provides insulation, reducing the conductive ability of the shoes. Silk, wool, and nylon socks can produce static electricity and should not be work with conductive footwear. Conductive shoes must be removed when the task requiring their use is completed. Note: Employees exposed to electrical hazards must never wear conductive shoes Electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes are nonconductive and will prevent the wearers' feet from completing an electrical circuit to the ground. These shoes can protect against open circuits of up to 600 volts in dry conditions and should be used in conjunction with other insulating equipment and additional precautions to reduce the risk of a worker becoming a path for hazardous electrical energy. The insulating protection of electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes may be compromised if the shoes become wet, the soles are worn through, metal particles become embedded int he sole or heel, or workers touch conductive, ground items. Note: Nonconductive footwear must not be used in explosive or hazardous locations Foundry shoes, in addition to insulating the feet from the extreme heat or molten metal, keep hot metal from lodging in shoe eyelets, tongues, or other shoe parts. These snug-fitting leather or leather-substitute shoes have leather or rubber soles and rubber heels. All foundry shoes must have built-in safety toes
General purpose electrical equipment can cause explosions and fires in areas where flammable vapors, liquids and gases and combustible dusts or fibers are present. Which of the following is not an example of special purpose electrical equipment? non-sparking equipment motors and lighting fixtures intrinsically safe electrical equipment pressurized equipment
*motors and lighting fixtures are examples of equipment that may heat up. These energy sources can produce temperatures high enough to cause ignition
in considering horizontal work surfaces, the area that can be conveniently reached with a sweep of the forearm with the upper arm hanging in a natural position at the side is called: sweep area semi-sweep area normal area maximum area
*normal area
the middle ear contains a group of bones called the stapes ossicles incus eustachian tubes
*ossicles the middle ear consists of the eustachian tubes, the mastoid air cell system, and the sound conducting mechanism composed of the incus, malleus, and the stapes. these three small bones comprise the ossicles
the metacarpal is defined as the center point of the hand the most distal point of the hand pertaining to the long bones of the hand between the carpus and phalanges the muscle of the posterior lower arm
*pertaining to the long bones of the hand between the carpus and the phalanges
at high levels of illumination, the rods and cones both function and the eye is most sensitive to light wavelengths around 550nm. this effect is called photopic vision prkinje effect scotopic vision incandescent effect
*photopic vision occurs when the rods and cones are both functioning
Which of the following SCBA systems are required for IDLH atmospheres? demand negative pressure demand positive pressure demand gas masks
*positive pressure demand provide a continuous flow of positive pressure air to the facepiece of the respirator. the demand/negative air pressure demand respirators supply air to the facepiece only upon inhalation. gas masks are not SCBAs
one substance, having very low or no significant toxicity, enhances the toxicity of another (ex. 0+5=15); the result is a more severe injury than that which the toxic substance would have produced by itself is termed:
*potentiating effect
the total inner hand surface is grasping the (often cylindrical) handle which runs parallel to the knuckles and generally protrudes on one side or both sides from the hand. this coupling is known as: power grasp enclosure hook grip lateral grip
*power grasp
Concentration of gases and vapors may be given as ppm by weight particles per million by volume ppm by volume particles per million by weight
*ppm by volume gas and vapor concentrations in air are expressed in a volume/volume ratio. Based on toxicity, irritation, and other factors, the volume of gas or vapor is compared to one million parts of air particulates are used for solid contaminants weight/volume ratios are used for particulates
Aging causes a vascular and neural degeneration of the inner ear, resulting in a decrease in hearing ability called:
*presbycusis
As one ages there is a vascular and neural degeneration of the inner ear. this results in a decrease in hearing ability. this condition is called temporary threshold (TTS) permanent threshold (PTS) presbycusis auditory threshold reduction (ATR)
*presbycusis
what is the function of the ear's eustachian tube? pressure equalization transmission of sound waves collect dirt prevent infection
*pressure equalization the eustachian tube serves to equalize pressure in the middle ear with the external atmospheric pressure. it opens during swallowing and yawning
during a workplace evaluation for combustible dust, which of the following is of least importance in the prevention of a dust explosion? A documented process hazard analysis and operator training Physical and chemical properties that establish hazardous characteristics of materials used in a facility Housekeeping and predictive/preventative maintenance programs Properly installed and operational sprinkler systems
*properly installed sprinkler systems sprinkler systems and distance to a means of egress are examples of loss reduction not loss prevention. a dust explosion involves determining the actual hazard, as well as the manufacturing process that led to the high dust concentration levels. safety professionals should be thoroughly familiar with physical and chemical properties that establish hazardous characteristics of materials used in a facility. the facility should have a documented process hazard analysis, and SH&E professionals should be familiar with hazards identified int he study. a management of change program should be implemented. also, SH&E professionals should be familiar with requirements of NFPA standards that apply to a facility. one obvious item to assess is housekeeping. poor housekeeping may lead to accumulations of dust on machinery and building structural members. SH&E professionals should also identify hidden areas that may not be obvious while standing at floor level. other areas, such as spaces above drop ceilings and around ductwork junctions and gates, should be inspected. dust can accumulate on elevated building and equipment members. in the event of an initial ignition, the shock wave may shake this accumulation, creating another dust cloud and another potentially greater ignition that can shake even more dust from the elevated members, setting up a chain reaction. process equipment should be designed for the operation in which it is used. typically, initial installation of a process incorporates several features to help mitigate a fire or deflagration. these may include explosion vents on machines and/or buildings. it may be a fast-acting explosion suppression system. gates and dampers may be installed inside of ductwork or equipment. each device should be inspected and tested regularly, with documentation created to record and verify its condition. conductive components should be grounded and bonded. training is another important aspect of a dust hazard mitigation program. operators should be trained on the equipment's operation and maintenance and emergency plans to follow. initial as well as refresher training should be provided, and training records should be maintained.
common job risk factors for the development of CTD include all of the following except excessive force abnormal postures mechanical compression repetition
*repetition althouth repetition contributes to the development of CTD, it is the repetition of the risk factors such as excessive force, abnormal postures, and mechanical compression that eventually causes the injury. repetition is a compounding factor that contributes to the risk for developing CTD
inflammation of the nasal passages is called asthma rhinitis laryngitis anthrarhinitis
*rhinitis inflammation of the internal nasal tissue
occupational fatalities due to workplace violence (homocide) is the _____ leading cause of occupational fatalities in the US highest second highest fifth highest eighth highest
*second highest workplace violence has emerged as an important safety and health issue in today's workplace. its most extreme form, homocide, is the second leading cause of fatal occupational injuries in the US. nearly 1,000 workers are murdered, and 1.5 million are assaulted in the workplace each year. According to the BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), there were 709 workplace homocides in 1998, accounting for 12% of the total 6,026 fatal work injuries in the US. Environmental conditions associated with workplace assaults have been identified and control strategies implemented in a number of work settings. OSHA has developed guidelines and recommendations to reduce worker exposures to this hazard but is not initiating rulemaking at this time
the correct term for hearing loss that can be induced by occupational exposure to noise is presbycusis sociocusis sensorineural conductive
*sensorineural presbycusis is hearing loss due to age sociocusis is loss due to background noise conductive loss is a loss between the outer ear and the cochlea
What should SH&E professionals consider when evaluating ignition sources such as lift trucks and information technology equipment? electrical machines dust producing processes class IV forklifts several potential ignition sources
*several potential ignition sources several ignition sources can cause a dust explosion or deflagration. primary sources of ignition include electrical sparking from tramp metals or broken equipment pieces; heat from bearings, belts, and misaligned buckets; improperly prepared maintenance and hot work operations; forklifts and vehicles; and natural causes, such as lightning. first, identify the electrical classification of the area or room volume. NFPA 70, the National Electric Code (NEC), Chapter 5, Special Occupancies, addresses hazardous locations. It defines the classification of several special occupancies, such as flammable liquids, gases and vapors; combustible dusts; and other materials. it is meant to integrate with other NFPA standards that more fully address the particular occupancy. For electrical issues, the NEC defines what electrical devices are permitted in a given area. This section defines terms such as dust ignition-proof, dust tight, purged and pressurized.
a condition which results from exposure to welding fumes that is characterized by accumulation of metal oxides in the lung without apparent physical symptoms is called: pulmonary atresia siderosis idiopathic pulmonary distress byssunosis
*siderosis is a pigmentation of the lung due to iron oxide exposure. the pigmentation can be marked but there seems to be no physical detriment. however, some siderosis patients present with chronic bronchitis and dyspnea. differential diagnosis is difficult
human factors engineering or ergonomics is concerned with fitting the worker to a task or the task to the worker. a man-machine system is considered a closed loop system. which of the following do not make up the closed loop system? reacts data input senses of man size of material
*size of material the closed loop system is made up of reacts, machine, data input and senses of man
how does alcohol ingestion increase the likeliness of hypothermia?
- alcohol is a vasodilator resulting in more rapid heat loss from the surface of your skin natural shivering response is diminished
For protection against chlorinated solvents and jobs requiring dexterity and sensitivity, which type of chemical-resistant gloves are preferred?
- nitrile butyl gloves: - high resistance protection from gas or water vapors - resistant to common acids and alcohols neoprene latex: - protects against detergents, salts, acids and caustic solutions nitrile/natural rubber: - protects against chlorinated solvents - intended for jobs requiring dexterity/sensitivity - resists abrasions, cuts, tears, and punctures polyvinyl alcohol (PVA): - resistance to strong solvents such as chlorinated and aromatic solvents - water soluble material and cannot be used in water or water-based solutions
pollution prevention pros:
- reduces regulatory burden - increases public confidence - reduces long-term risk - cuts costs
Responsibility of NIOSH include:
- research on occupation health & safety hazards - criteria development in dealing with toxic materials - identify hazards and recommend regulation changes - perform testing and certification of workers' PPE, mainly respirators - supports university training throughout the country - conducts courses at regional centers - conducts workplace investigations NIOSH is administratively located within the CDC & reports to the Dept of Health & Human Services (HHS)
4 interlocking dimensions of sustainable development:
1. economic 2. human 3. environmental 4. technological
3 parts of a wellness program:
1. lifestyle change for the better - offer premium discounts, cash rewards, gym memberships, & other incentives 2. counseling programs 3. substance abuse programs
3 basic parts of an environmental protocol (during audits):
1. pre-visit activities - contact established - preparatoin of questionnaire - establishment of reporting relationships 2. visit activities - conduct the entrance briefing - tour the facility - record - interview - review records - inspect - record findings - conduct an exit briefing 3. post-visit activities - follow-up to resolve - provide audit reports determining liability is not part of audit protocol
The three distinct parts of a means of egress are: Exit access, exit, and exit discharge Door, passageway, and ramps Door opening device, door, and exit light Horizontal exits, stairs and ramps
Exit access Exit Exit Discharge
Indicate the flammable solvent: Mono-cholorobenzene Freon TF Trichloroethylene 1,1,1,Tricholorotheane
Mono-cholorobenzene Chlorobenzene is a flammable solvent, the other solvents are chain hydrocarbons with chlorine substitution. Normally, this indicates a tendency towards non-flammability but in this case a chlorinated solvent is also a flammable solvent
what authority publishes PELs?
OSHA
Shortly following a gas manifold cleaning operation in which alcohol was used, an explosion, followed by fire occurred. The cause was traced to which of the following? Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Chlorine
Oxygen is the oxidizer and it participates in the combustion with the alcohol
What is the appropriate interlock that can detect the presence, absence, excess, or inadequacy of pressure, temperature, flow or other parameters and either permits or stops action? Parameter sensing Transducer Interlock Trip Device Proximity Device
Parameter sensing
what medical conditions include cotton worker's lung, cotton bract disease, mill fever, and brown lung?
byssinosis also called "brown lung disease" or "Monday fever" caused by exposure to cotton dust in inadequately ventilated working environments common in yarn and fabric manufacturing not believed that cotton dust directly causes the disease; some believe the cause is endotoxins from cell walls of gram neg bacteria growing on cotton; absence of similar symptoms in workers in other industries exposed to endotoxins makes this theory uncertain
the term synonymous with oncogenesis is:
carcinogenesis the creation of cancer characterized by a progression of changes on cellular and genetic levels that ultimately reprogram a cell to undergo uncontrolled cell division, thus forming a malignant mass
CTD:
cumulative trauma disorder
Environmental Management is:
defined by AHMP (Alliance of Hazardous Materials Professionals) the organizing and controlling of affairs related to an organization's impact on the natural world, our surroundings, people, animals, and plants requires strong administrative skills and an understanding of environmental regulations, the fate and transport of chemicals, as well as the interaction of people and processes requires other business skill attributes such as understanding the costs and benefits of handling environmental issues overall objective: achievement of environmental goals and improvement in environmental performance
a globe thermometer is used for:
measuring radiant heat an ordinary dry bulb thermometer alone will not measure radiant heat black globe thermometer is a hollow copper sphere painted on the outside with a matte black finish to measure the radiant energy from direct sunlight or other sources (ex. machinery and hot structures near the workplace)
Pre-consumer recycled content is
the fraction of feedstock used in manufacturing a material which is derived from wastes captured during or just after the manufacturing process ex. repulping scrap paper shaved from the ends of a paper roll to produce the next batch
industrial toxologists study:
the harmful, or toxic, properties of substances and determines dose thresholds
A light curtain safety interlock system is being proposed for an automatic metal shearing machine. Assuming a standard hand speed of 63 in/sec, and a machine shut down time of 0.5 sec, what is the minimum acceptable distance from the point-of-operation to the sensing field of the light curtain? 31.5 in 47.3 in 63 in 126 in
*31.5 in standard hand speed x time necessary for the interlock to shut down the equipment
on vehicles used for transporting hazardous cargo, placards are used as a warning. A placarded vehicle must have at least how many identical placards? 1 2 4 6
*4 placards show hazard class front, rear, and both sides must be readable from all 4 directions 19 DOT specifications placards 10 & 3/4 inches square
A small automobile traveling at a constant velocity of 55 mi/hr accelerates to pass a tractor-trailer. The tractor-trailer is 60 ft long and is also travelling at 55 mi/hr. Assuming that the driver of the small automobile accelerates to a constant velocity of 70 mi/hr when he pulls into the left lane 20 feet BEHIND the tractor trailer, how far will the small automobile actually travel in the left lane until it is 60 ft in FRONT of the tractor trailer and moves back into the right lane? 350 ft 450 ft 550 ft 650 ft
*650 ft determine the relative distance that the small automobile must travel. this is the length of the tractor-trailer plus the buffer distances behind and in front of the tractor-trailer. 60 ft + 20 ft + 60 ft = 140 ft determine the relative velocity at which this distance will be traveled by the small automobile. this is the difference between the tractor-trailer's velocity and the small automobile's velocity. in other words, this is the velocity at which the small automobile appears to be traveling relative to the driver of the tractor-trailer. 70 mph - 55 mph = 15 mph for how long will the small automobile need to travel 140 ft (the relative distance) at 15 mph (the relative velocity)? convert 15 mph to ft/sec. 15 mi/hr *5280 ft/mi * 1 hr/3600 sec = 22 ft/sec divide 140 ft / 22 ft/sec = 6.36 sec = the small automobile will traverse this distance in 6.36 sec how far did the small vehicle actially travel at 70 mph for 6.36 sec? s = vt + at^2 / 2 no acceleration (constant velocity), so the at^2/2 term is 0 70 mi/hr * 6.36 sec * 5280 ft/mi * 1 hr/3600 sec = 653 ft (the last 2 terms are conversion factors)
You are preparing a driver's training course and want to discuss the danger of excessive speed while driving. When driving, a driver's reaction time in an emergency is divided into three parts: the time required for the driver to recognize the presence of an emergency, the time required for the driver to make a decision on how to handle the emergency, and the time required for the driver to actually implement the decision. You discover that the combined total of these segments is about 0.6 seconds for the average, unimpaired driver. How far will an automobile going 80 mi/hr travel during 0.6 sec?
*70 ft 80 mi/hr * 1 hr/60 min * 1 min/60 sec = 0.0222 0.0222 mi/sec*.6 sec = 0.0133 mi convert mi to ft (1 mi = 5280 ft) = 70 ft
Which of the following components are not specifically required in a process hazard analysis A. Facility inspection procedures B. Facility siting C. Human factors D. The hazards of the process E. An assessment of the worst-case release into the environment of the covered process materials F. The identification of engineering and administrative controls for specific process hazards G. Consequences of failures of engineering controls H. Consequences of failures of administrative controls E, F, G, H A, F, G, H A, E B, C
*A, E depending upon the actual analysis, these items may come up
The precursor of the NSC was the American Society of Safety Engineers Association of Iron and Steele Electrical Engineers American Industrial Hygiene Association American Safety Council
*Association of Iron and Steele Electrical Engineers
The major cause of on-the-job fatalities in the US is Employee slips, trips, and falls Employee motor vehicle use Logging Machinery
*Employee motor vehicle use account for ~1/3 of all deaths for on-the-job fatalities
A supervisor's job responsibilities include the 3-E's principles. Which of the following would not be included under the 3-E's? Make sure employees comply with safety rules and procedures Instruct employees in how to work safely Establish a safety program Determine ways for eliminating injury/illness potential out of the job
*Establish a safety program The supervisor's job involves: ENGINEERING - to determine the most effective way of doing the job and designing the injury/illness potential out of the job EDUCATION - to instruct the employee in the right method and through training improve job skill, knowledge and behavior ENFORCEMENT - to make sure the employee follows the prescribed work practice and complies with safety rules and procedures
In developing a safe maintenance guide for robotic workstations, which method, useful for predicting potential injury situations, would apply to: determining the combinations of human actions and equipment conditions that could lead to a robot related injury? SADT JSA FTA FMECA
*FTA Fault tree analysis begins with defining the unwanted injury event and proceeds graphically constructing the sequences of events and conditions that would lead to that event. When failure rates and human reliability values are available, the probabilities of the various sequences can be computed.
A design which allows the system to function safely until corrective action is possible is called: fail safe fail passive fail operational fail non-operational
*Fail operational
When incurring a Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) due to a noisy workplace, most of the TTS occurs: Right before the end of the exposure period In the first few hours of exposure Towards the end of the first week of exposure Occurs within minutes of entering the data
*In the first few hours of exposure 1-2 hrs
For event A to occur a preliminary, intentional action B, is needed; for example, lifting the cover that protects a critical switch, permitting it to be thrown. Such a design is called: Interlock Isolation device Lockout Lockin
*Interlock This is a description of the concept of an interlock in terms of probabilities and systems terminology
Which is not correct concerning MSDSs? Title III requires MSDSs to be submitted to the State Emergency Response Center Worker's Right-to-Know requires employers to make MSDSs available to employees Worker's Right-to-Know requires chemical manufacturers to develop MSDSs MSDSs provide accurate and appropriate data all of the time
*MSDSs provide accurate and appropriate data all of the time may be in error, out of date, etc. the data should be cross-checked when possible
The purpose of this analysis is to identify casual factors relating to an accident or near-miss. The technique goes beyond the direct causes to identify the fundamental reasons for the event Management oversight and risk tree Root cause analysis Event tree analysis Fault tree analysis
*Root cause analysis considers "why" statements to determine root cause categories. The objective is to find one root cause that is the fundamental reason behind a set of related shortcomings
The technique that provides a means for quantitatively evaluating the contribution of human error to the degradation of product quality is called: fault hazard analysis failure modes effects analysis fault tree analysis THERP
*THERP a technique for human error predictions was developed by the Scandia Corporation can be used for human components in a system and can be combined with either failure modes effects of fault tree analysis
What is meant when a system is said to be "two fault tolerant"? The system will fail when it sustains two independent failures The system will fail when it sustains three independent failures The system is designed to tolerate two independent failures and still operate The system is designed to tolerate three independent failures and still operate
*The system is designed to tolerate two independent failures and still operate Fault-tolerance is a method of designing equipment to sustain one or more independent failures and still operate (or be able to transition into fail-safe mode). In this case, the system is designed to sustain two independent failures and still function. Fault tolerance has nothing to do with when the system will fail (ex. the system may sustain more than three independent failures and still function)
The following system is an example of a fail-active design Cylinder with rupture disc Class I Division 1 wiring Transformer with back-up generator B or C
*Transformer with back-up generator A fail active design normally creates redundancy by the use of standby equipment. A back-up generator is a perfect example of a fail active system. Class 1 Division 1 wiring is intrinsically safe Cylinder with rupture disc is fail-passive
anticipating and controlling hazards are best accomplished: 24hrs following a workplace inspection any time before a pilot process is closed to production all design stages of an activity after an accident has occurred
*all design stages of an activity is the cornerstone of a safety program the ultimate goal for any safety program (occupation, systems, product) is to design environments and equipment and to set up job procedures so that employee exposure to injury will be either eliminated or controlled as completely as possible
in the application of principles of guarding, what does Zero Mechanical State (ZMS) mean? all energy sources neutralized all electrical energy off guards are not effective all electrical energy locked and tagged out
*all energy sources neutralized ZMS is discussed in ANSI Z241.1-1981
which of the following is an example of a program sponsored by an Employee Assistance Program? smoking cessation occupational counseling substance abuse counseling all of the above
*all of the above Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) have gained popularity as a management system to retain good employees by assisting them with their personal problems that cause occupational problems. For example, in many cases an employee with an alcohol or other substance abuse problem can enroll in the appropriate EAP program for treatment without the risk of termination provided that the employee meets all of the requirements of the program
Process piping must be inspected periodically to determine whether the piping is nearing the end of its useful life. Which of the following items would you expect to be measured during a routine piping inspection? pipe wall thickness presence of fractures within the metal grain presence of visual discoloration all of the above
*all of the above Routine pipe inspections are non-destructive and are primarily visual (inside and outside). Pipe wall thickness is measured using electronic analysis tools, and any fractures/unexpected visual findings are noted for more detailed analysis
An example of a non-fail safe device would be: any single point of failure deadman switches circuit breaker GFCI
*any single point of failure
round ducts are better than square ducts because round ducts: can be made air-tight easier use less material for the same size are stronger have less friction
*are stronger in industrial applications, high velocities, and therefore high SP's, are normally used. this condition results in duct collapses. circular ducts are more able to withstand this stress.
the greatest single contributor to urban air pollution is electric utilities burning oil electric power generating stations who burn coal automobiles process manufacturing plants
*automobiles cars & trucks are major sources of CO, NOxs, & VOCs which interact in the presence of sunlight to produce ground-level ozone pollution commonly referred to at smog. Researchers allege the automobile is responsible for approximately 40% of urban smog nationally and a great deal more in some areas of California
the color used to identify physical tripping hazards is: red green blue black/yellow
*black/yellow
The "bathtub" curve is a stress related depiction that describes the relationship between component failure and exposure. Failures occurring during early stages of use occur in the debugging period, which is also called: experimental period burn-in period burn-out period grooved period
*burn-in period
what DOT placard is required for transporting numerous cylinders of compressed nitrogen? class 1.4 explosive class 2.1 flammable gas class 2.2 non-flammable compressed gas class 8 corrosive materials
*class 2.2 non-flammable compressed gas
For the purpose of protecting workers in trenches, the type of soil is required to assess risk. A primary factor in differing types of soil is: depth cohesiveness width soil weight
*cohesiveness is critical to its stability in a trench or excavation
in many cases, canopy hoods are not considered very good because: more material needed to construct system larger fans are needed contaminant is drawn thru breathing zone are always considered good
*contaminant is drawn thru breathing zone
A specific activity intended to improve one of more aspects of the safety system or contribute to the solution of a specific accident problem, is called: countermeasure mitigation hazard control safeguard
*countermeasure is a specific activity designed to improve or reduce a specific accident problem
A method of identifying errors and unsafe conditions that contribute to both potential and actual injurious accidents within a given population by means of a stratified random sample of participants - observers selected from within this population is: job safety analysis procedural analysis critical incident technique operating and support hazard
*critical incident technique
The success of the system safety effort depends on: employing applicable systems safety techniques implementing current design practices defining safety objectives identifying and correcting potential hazards
*defining safety objectives The success of the system safety effort depends on definitive statements of safety objectives and requirements by the managing activity and their translations into functional hardware and software
What is the most appropriate definition of human factors engineering? discipline dealing with man/machine interface discipline related to industrial psychology discipline seeking to improve worker happiness discipline to increase worker efficiency
*discipline dealing with man/machine interface Factors it considers include sensory inputs, operator response, operator movements, work/rest cycles, and whether the speed and accuracy are required. B & C are marginally related to human factors engineering
which of the following statements concerning employee access to exposure and medical records is false? employers must preserve records for duration of employment + 30 years employers may request to see their medical records employees have a right to see MSDSs employers do not have to show employees their exposure records
*employers do not have to show employees their exposure records employees have the right to see all of their exposure data and medical records employers have 48 hrs to provide docs
the method of guarding by fixed physical barriers that are mounted on a machine to prevent access to the moving parts is called: enclosure interlock fixed guard barriers
*enclosure
A battery operated smoke detector is an example of what type of design? interlock fail active fail passive fail operational
*fail active
The System Safety design philosophy, given a failure, keeps the system energized in a safe mode until corrective or overriding action can take place intrinsically safe fail passive fail active fail operational
*fail active Intrinsically safe eliminates failure Fail passive knocks system to lowest energy level Fail operational allows system to operate without interruption
Fail-safe designs try to ensure that a failure will leave the product unaffected or will convert it to a state in which no injury or damage will occur. Which design does NOT meet this criteria? fail passive arrangements fail active design fail operational arrangements fail mode design
*fail mode design all of the following designs may be considered fail safe. FAIL PASSIVE ARRANGEMENTS are similar to fuses and circuit breakers; they reduce the system to its first level FAIL ACTIVE DESIGN maintains any condition that will keep the system in a safe mode until corrective or overriding action occurs FAIL OPERATION ARRANGEMENTS allow functions to continue safely until corrective action is possible
A system safety design concept that allows functions to continue safely given a failure is: intrinsically safe fail active fail passive fail operational
*fail operational A fail operational design allows a system that is experiencing a failure to continue to operate safely until corrective action is possible. Limited disruption, if any, is experienced
Water feed valves for boilers that remain open during a control failure to allow boiler to operate and not build up excess pressure are: intrinsically safe devices fail passive devices fail active devices fail operational devices
*fail operational devices
A design that automatically reduces the system to its lowest energy level is considered: fail safe fail passive fail ceased fail non-operational
*fail passive
This system safety design reduces the system to its lowest energy level given a failure: intrinsically safe fail passive fail active fail operational
*fail passive
the primary office hazard is falls VDTs paper cuts alcoholism
*falls
guarding by means of rail enclosure which restricts access to a machine is called: point of operation protection fixed guard enclosure fencing
*fencing
What type of guarding should be installed at the approach zone to a fixed robotized workstation? chain link fence pressure sensitive mats fixed barrier with interlock gate kill switch
*fixed barrier with interlock gate a robotized work station is divided into a robot movement zone (work envelope) and the zone of approach to it. The boundaries of the zone can be defined so that the limits within which protection is provided are known. Fixed barriers with interlocked gates permit workzone entry into an area, free from robot movement, which are monitored by the interlock. More detail on safety requirements for industrial robots can be found in ANSI/RIA R 15.06 - 1986 and NIOSH publication number 88-108
An example of a fail-passive device is the fuse emergency generator high temperature light switch A & C
*fuse brings the system to its lowest energy state ("0" current flow)
what color identifies safety facts or first aid? red magenta green orange
*green
Raynaud's syndrome is caused by repetitive motion stresses improper lifting improper posture hand-arm vibration
*hand-arm vibration AKA vibration white finger disease caused by repeated exposure to hand-arm vibration in the 500-1200 Hz range
All of the following are examples of malfunctions which cause an impact to a system EXCEPT structural mechanical power human
*human The potential malfunctions in any system include - structural failure - mechanical malfunctions - power failures - electrical malfunctions The human component, though critical, is not considered a malfunction
job safety analysis is a technique to establish safety procedures for each job determine physical demands of each job identify hazards associated with each step of the job improve the workplace environment
*identify hazards associated with each step of the job in addition, developing a solution for each hazard that will eliminate or control the exposure
NIOSH has conducted over 500 IAQ investigations. The primary factor responsible for complaints is: building furnishings microbial contamination inadequate ventilation unknown cause
*inadequate ventilation responsible for 52% of complaints followed by contamination inside the building (16%), unknown (13%), and contamination from outside the building (10%)
there are similarities and differences between motor-vehicle safety and industrial safety. which similarity or similarities stand out? supervisory control environment control management's policy employee policy
*management's policy a statement of management's intent bears the same importance in motor-vehicle accident control as it is in industrial safety. generally, the policy spells out: Management's statement that safety on the road is important; the company safety program includes the driver; the driver will support the program, and specific safety responsibilities will be assigned to management. Motor-vehicle safety is different from industrial safety in two ways; On the road employees are not under constant supervision as they are in the plant nor can the driving environment be controlled as effectively as it can within an industry setting
a tank truck has been involved in a fire. by the time you arrive the label ont he truck only indicates that the material has a pH of 12. what does this tell you? material is flammable material is acidic material is basic material is neutral
*material is basic
the best method for monitoring noise exposure of a long haul truck driver is through the use of sound level meter octave band analyzer noise dosimeter annual audiogram
*noise dosimeter sound level meters and octave band analyzers require constant readings. Annual audiograms are a measure of effect. Noise dosimeters measure dose and are easy to use
the function of a slot in a slot hood is to decrease capture velocity reduce material required to build a system obtain proper air distribution increase capture velocity
*obtain proper air distribution capture velocity is essentially independent of its slot air velocity. the function of the slot is to provide proper air distribution by making the pressure drop if the slot is large relative to the plenum
the OSHA Process Safety Standard requires employers with applicable processes to implement a Contractor Safety Program. Elements of the Contractor Safety Program include the following EXCEPT: evaluate safety of contractor before hire process safety training explain Emergency Action Plan maintain a contract employee injury and illness log
*process safety training the employer is required to inform the contractor of the hazards associated with the process, but is not required to perform the process hazard training. The training is a requirement of the contract employer. The other answers are elements of the Contractor Safety Program. Additional elements include developing and implementing safe work practices and evaluation of contractors to ensure fulfillment of obligations
responding to a high pressure fitting leak, you should specify which of the following to make repairs? tighten with wrench shut down and depressurize to ambient wrap with tape and make repairs patch with epoxy
*shut down and depressurize to ambient
Heinrich's domino theory of accidents included: worker, perception, physical, social, injury the 5 B's social, fault, unsafe act, accident, injury men, machine, money, capital, accident
*social, fault, unsafe act, accident, injury
the most desirable method of employee protection would be: engineering controls such as ventilation education/training respiratory protection substitution of the process or material
*substitution of the process or material eliminates the hazard
The prime necessity for a system safety analysis is system models management cooperation CAD/CAM highly paid consultants
*system models a system safety analysis must have system models of the involved system. Before analysis of safety can be made a model of the system must be constructed
The point of operation for any machine tool is the place where a guard is usually placed where one moving part passes another the place where work is done on material both A & B
*the place where work is done on the material this is generally the area where injury can occur 29 CFR 1910.12(a)(3)
A manager who utilizes an external reward and punishment system to affect performance is a ______ manager theory x theory y theory z theory a
*theory x holds that people must be motivated to work by external reward and punishment
large companies institute fleet safety programs: to prevent accidents to control insurance costs for public relations purposes because it's the right thing to do
*to prevent accidents additional benefits quick to follow the control of accidents is meeting its moral obligation to the employee and to the public. control of accidents has a direct affect upon insurance premiums which fluctuate with accident frequency and dollar losses sustained by the fleet
based on tons of material emitted annually, which of the following sources accounts for the most air pollution in the US? industry electric power generation refuse disposal transportation
*transportation transportation, including private automobiles, accounts for approximately 60% of the air pollution int he US
the image formed by a convex mirror compared to the object appear: upright and smaller upright and larger inverted and smaller inverted and larger
*upright and smaller the convex mirror is commonly used as a rear-view mirror for motor vehicles because the objects always appear upright and smaller. they are able to provide a wider view of the roadway behind a driver than could be obtained from a plane mirror
If an SCBA is worn in an atmosphere that is immediately dangerous to life and health, the employee must: wear a safety harness and lifeline have a standby worker with a canister respirator have an escape pack not go into the area
*wear a safety harness and lifeline
the basic color used for designating caution in an industrial environment is: red orange yellow blue
*yellow applications include: aisle marking, "caution" signs, construction tractors and bulldozers, handrails, guardrails, marking for low beams, pipes and projections. The safety color code for marking physical hazards and the identification of certain equipment is detailed in ANSI Z53.1, 1967 and OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.144