Assignment 1: Clinical Neuro Review Questions
In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells form the ___
Myelin Sheath
The covering that provides insulation to the axons is the ____
Myelin Sheath
The rounded budge in the brain stem separating the midbrain from the medulla is the ____
Pons
Outside the plasma membrane of a resting neuron, the electrical charge is ____
Positive
Cerebrospinal fluid flows through the cavities of the brain as well as in the ____
Subarachnoid Space
The junction where two neurons come together is the ___
Synapse
The space within the synapse where neurotransmitters are released is the __
Synaptic Cleft
The nucleus of the diencephalon relaying sensory impulses into cerebral cortex is the ____
Thalamus
The inner material of the spinal cord is gray matter, while the outer portion is ___
White Matter
Nerve impulses from the central nervous system are transmitted to glands and __
Muscles
The human body has spinal nerves numbering ____
31 Pairs
To maintain the sodium-potassium pump, energy must be supplied from ___
ATP
The neurotransmitter stimulating muscles at the neuromuscular junction is ___
Acetylcholine
Another name for the nerve impulse is the ___
Action Potential
Sensory Nerves are also known as ___
Afferent
The same nerve impulse will develop in a neuron regardless of the strength of the stimulus; this is called the __
All or none rule
Star-shaped glial cells with cytoplasm extended into elongated processes to form the blood-brain barrier are called ___
Astrocytes
The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the somatic division and the ___
Autonomic Divisions
Impulses are conducted away from the cell body by a long extension called a(n) ____
Axon
At the ends of axons are located thousands of microscopic branches called ____
Axon Terminals
A nerve fiber is composed of bundles of ___
Axons and/or Dendrites
Neurons with only one dendrite and one axon are known as ___
Bipolar Neurons
The spinal cord is continuous with the ____
Brain (Medulla Oblongata)
The region of the frontal lobe concerned with motor function for speech is ____
Broca's Area
The nucleus and most organelles are contained in that part of the neuron is called the ____
Cell Body
The brain and spinal cord are components of the ____
Central Nervous System
The brain region lying posterior to the medulla and serving as a coordinating center for motor activity is the ___
Cerebellum
Clear, watery fluid is found the central canal of the spinal cord is called ____
Cerebrospinal Fluid
The sense of smell is located deep within a portion of the brain known as the ____
Cerebrum
Th sensory somatic system is composed of spinal nerves and ____
Cranial Nerves
The brain receives impulses from the spinal cord as well as from 12 pairs of ____
Cranial Nerves
There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of ___
Cranial Nerves
The nerve consists of several bundles of axons and/or dendrites in which each bundle is known as a ____
Fascicle
In the cerebrum of the brain connecting the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain is the ____
Decussation of Pyramids
The nerve tracts carrying information away from the brain through the spinal cord are known as ____
Descending Tracts
The outermost membrane surrounding the spinal cord is the ____
Dura Matter
Motor neurons are also known as ___
Efferent
Motor neurons are also known as ___
Efferent Neurons
The nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system duplicate the action of the hormone ____
Epinephrine
The anterior portion of each cerebral hemisphere is a lobe called the ___
Frontal Lobe
The cell bodies of nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord are in groups known as ___
Ganglia
The cell bodies of neurons are often grouped together in a mass referred to as a(n) ___
Ganglion
Supporting cells of the nervous system are called ____
Glial Cells
The outer portion of the brain is mainly composed of ____
Gray Matter
The numerous convolutions of the brain are called ___
Gyri
The brain is composed of two major ___
Hemispheres
The cerebellum is composed of two lateral ____
Hemispheres
The nucleus of the diencephalon producing some hormones stored to be released by the pituitary gland is the ____
Hypothalamus
Most of the substance of the brain and spinal cord is composed of ____
Interneurons
The neurons linking sensory and motor neurons to one another are association neurons, also called ____
Interneurons
The autonomic nervous system operates in a manner that is ____
Involuntary
Emotional experiences such as fear, anger, pleasure, and sorrow are regulated in a ring of tissue at the edge of the brain stem called the ____
Limbic System
The swollen stem of the brain connecting the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain is the ____
Medulla Oblongata
The three membranes surrounding and protecting the spinal cord are called ____
Meninges
Glial cells that phagocytize invading microorganisms are called ___
Microglia
The peripheral nervous system is composed primarily of the dendrites of the sensory neurons and axons of ___
Motor Neurons
The ventral roots of the spinal cord contain the axons of ____
Motor Neurons
Deterioration of patches of myelin can result in a condition called ____
Multiple Sclerosis
Neurons with many dendrites and a single long axon are known as ____
Multipolar Neurons
Motor neurons relay impulses from the central nervous system to the glands or the ____
Muscles
The axons and dendrites extend from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands and form ____
Nerves
The outer portion of Schwann cells that surrounds the axon is called the ____
Neurilemma
Between successive Schwann cells or oligodendrite extensions are gaps called the ____
Neurofibril nodes or Nodes of Ranvier
Another name for a nerve cell is ___
Neuron
The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the ___
Neuron
Chemical substances released at the axon terminals are referred to as ____
Neurotransmitters
Proteins are synthesized at endoplasmic reticulum of the cell body known as the ____
Nissl Body
The neurotransmitter released by neurons of the sympathetic system promote the "flight or fight" response is ___
Norepinephrine
The diencephalon is organized into masses of gray matter called ____
Nuclei
At the posterior portion of the cerebral hemispheres is a lobe called the ____
Occipital Lobe
The interpretation of visual patterns occurs in the lobe of the brain known as the ____
Occipital Lobe
The cranial nerve associated with smell is the ____
Olfactory Nerve
In the CNS, glial cells wrapping extensions of their plasma membranes around neurons and forming myelin sheaths are called ___
Oligodendrocytes
The brain consumes about one quarter of the body's ____
Oxygen
Injury to the vernal root of the spinal cord results in a condition called ___
Paralysis
Once a crisis has passed the body is return to normal by impulses of the portion of the autonomic nervous system known as the ____
Parasympathetic Division
The nervous system has two principle divisions called the central nervous system and the ___
Peripheral Nervous System
The inner membrane surrounding the spinal cord and having many blood vessels is the ____
Pia Matter
Bodies where spinal nerves combine temporarily before passing to the destination points are known as ___
Plexuses
Because the regions inside and outside the membrane of a resting neuron have opposite electrical charges, the resting neuron is said to be ____
Polarized
The nerve fiber of the autonomic system extending from the ganglion to the body organs is called the ____
Postganglionic Neuron
Because it is a reflex center for coordinating muscle activity, the cerebellum helps smooth gait and maintaining ____
Posture
The first activity in the body's response to a stimulus us called ___
Reception
The spinal cord serves as a coordinating center for the ____
Reflex Arc
In its depolarized state, the neuron is said to be ___
Refractory
Once the nerve impulse has moved down the axon, the neuron membrane must ___
Repolarize
A neuron that is not transmitting a nerve impulse is a ____
Resting Neuron
The difference in electrical potential in a resting neuron is called the ___
Resting potential
The network of nerve fibers in the medulla responsible for activating the cerebral cortex is the ____
Reticular Formation
In the PNS, the glial cells that wrap themselves around neurons are the ___
Schwann Cells
The peripheral nervous system has sensory receptors located in the ___
Sense Organs
Neurons transmitting information from receptors to the central nervous system are called afferent neurons, or ___
Sensory Neurons
Outside the plasma membrane of a resting neuron there is a high concentration of ____
Sodium Ions
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the __
Spinal Cord
The spinal nerves communicate impulses between various parts of the body and the ____
Spinal Cord
The cranial nerve regulating swallowing, senses, and control of the face, teeth, and tongue is the ____
Trigeminal Nerve
Most sensory neurons are neurons described as ___
Unipolar
The cranial nerve with sensory and motor functions controlling the heart, blood vessels, and organs of the viscera is the ____
Vagus Nerve
The cavities of the brain are called the ____
Ventricles
The spinal cord passes downward from the brain and extends through a bony tunnel found in ____
Vertebrae