Assignment 1: Clinical Neuro Review Questions

In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells form the ___

Myelin Sheath

The covering that provides insulation to the axons is the ____

Myelin Sheath

The rounded budge in the brain stem separating the midbrain from the medulla is the ____

Pons

Outside the plasma membrane of a resting neuron, the electrical charge is ____

Positive

Cerebrospinal fluid flows through the cavities of the brain as well as in the ____

Subarachnoid Space

The junction where two neurons come together is the ___

Synapse

The space within the synapse where neurotransmitters are released is the __

Synaptic Cleft

The nucleus of the diencephalon relaying sensory impulses into cerebral cortex is the ____

Thalamus

The inner material of the spinal cord is gray matter, while the outer portion is ___

White Matter

Nerve impulses from the central nervous system are transmitted to glands and __

Muscles

The human body has spinal nerves numbering ____

31 Pairs

To maintain the sodium-potassium pump, energy must be supplied from ___

ATP

The neurotransmitter stimulating muscles at the neuromuscular junction is ___

Acetylcholine

Another name for the nerve impulse is the ___

Action Potential

Sensory Nerves are also known as ___

Afferent

The same nerve impulse will develop in a neuron regardless of the strength of the stimulus; this is called the __

All or none rule

Star-shaped glial cells with cytoplasm extended into elongated processes to form the blood-brain barrier are called ___

Astrocytes

The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the somatic division and the ___

Autonomic Divisions

Impulses are conducted away from the cell body by a long extension called a(n) ____

Axon

At the ends of axons are located thousands of microscopic branches called ____

Axon Terminals

A nerve fiber is composed of bundles of ___

Axons and/or Dendrites

Neurons with only one dendrite and one axon are known as ___

Bipolar Neurons

The spinal cord is continuous with the ____

Brain (Medulla Oblongata)

The region of the frontal lobe concerned with motor function for speech is ____

Broca's Area

The nucleus and most organelles are contained in that part of the neuron is called the ____

Cell Body

The brain and spinal cord are components of the ____

Central Nervous System

The brain region lying posterior to the medulla and serving as a coordinating center for motor activity is the ___

Cerebellum

Clear, watery fluid is found the central canal of the spinal cord is called ____

Cerebrospinal Fluid

The sense of smell is located deep within a portion of the brain known as the ____

Cerebrum

Th sensory somatic system is composed of spinal nerves and ____

Cranial Nerves

The brain receives impulses from the spinal cord as well as from 12 pairs of ____

Cranial Nerves

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of ___

Cranial Nerves

The nerve consists of several bundles of axons and/or dendrites in which each bundle is known as a ____

Fascicle

In the cerebrum of the brain connecting the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain is the ____

Decussation of Pyramids

The nerve tracts carrying information away from the brain through the spinal cord are known as ____

Descending Tracts

The outermost membrane surrounding the spinal cord is the ____

Dura Matter

Motor neurons are also known as ___

Efferent

Motor neurons are also known as ___

Efferent Neurons

The nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system duplicate the action of the hormone ____

Epinephrine

The anterior portion of each cerebral hemisphere is a lobe called the ___

Frontal Lobe

The cell bodies of nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord are in groups known as ___

Ganglia

The cell bodies of neurons are often grouped together in a mass referred to as a(n) ___

Ganglion

Supporting cells of the nervous system are called ____

Glial Cells

The outer portion of the brain is mainly composed of ____

Gray Matter

The numerous convolutions of the brain are called ___

Gyri

The brain is composed of two major ___

Hemispheres

The cerebellum is composed of two lateral ____

Hemispheres

The nucleus of the diencephalon producing some hormones stored to be released by the pituitary gland is the ____

Hypothalamus

Most of the substance of the brain and spinal cord is composed of ____

Interneurons

The neurons linking sensory and motor neurons to one another are association neurons, also called ____

Interneurons

The autonomic nervous system operates in a manner that is ____

Involuntary

Emotional experiences such as fear, anger, pleasure, and sorrow are regulated in a ring of tissue at the edge of the brain stem called the ____

Limbic System

The swollen stem of the brain connecting the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain is the ____

Medulla Oblongata

The three membranes surrounding and protecting the spinal cord are called ____

Meninges

Glial cells that phagocytize invading microorganisms are called ___

Microglia

The peripheral nervous system is composed primarily of the dendrites of the sensory neurons and axons of ___

Motor Neurons

The ventral roots of the spinal cord contain the axons of ____

Motor Neurons

Deterioration of patches of myelin can result in a condition called ____

Multiple Sclerosis

Neurons with many dendrites and a single long axon are known as ____

Multipolar Neurons

Motor neurons relay impulses from the central nervous system to the glands or the ____

Muscles

The axons and dendrites extend from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands and form ____

Nerves

The outer portion of Schwann cells that surrounds the axon is called the ____

Neurilemma

Between successive Schwann cells or oligodendrite extensions are gaps called the ____

Neurofibril nodes or Nodes of Ranvier

Another name for a nerve cell is ___

Neuron

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the ___

Neuron

Chemical substances released at the axon terminals are referred to as ____

Neurotransmitters

Proteins are synthesized at endoplasmic reticulum of the cell body known as the ____

Nissl Body

The neurotransmitter released by neurons of the sympathetic system promote the "flight or fight" response is ___

Norepinephrine

The diencephalon is organized into masses of gray matter called ____

Nuclei

At the posterior portion of the cerebral hemispheres is a lobe called the ____

Occipital Lobe

The interpretation of visual patterns occurs in the lobe of the brain known as the ____

Occipital Lobe

The cranial nerve associated with smell is the ____

Olfactory Nerve

In the CNS, glial cells wrapping extensions of their plasma membranes around neurons and forming myelin sheaths are called ___

Oligodendrocytes

The brain consumes about one quarter of the body's ____

Oxygen

Injury to the vernal root of the spinal cord results in a condition called ___

Paralysis

Once a crisis has passed the body is return to normal by impulses of the portion of the autonomic nervous system known as the ____

Parasympathetic Division

The nervous system has two principle divisions called the central nervous system and the ___

Peripheral Nervous System

The inner membrane surrounding the spinal cord and having many blood vessels is the ____

Pia Matter

Bodies where spinal nerves combine temporarily before passing to the destination points are known as ___

Plexuses

Because the regions inside and outside the membrane of a resting neuron have opposite electrical charges, the resting neuron is said to be ____

Polarized

The nerve fiber of the autonomic system extending from the ganglion to the body organs is called the ____

Postganglionic Neuron

Because it is a reflex center for coordinating muscle activity, the cerebellum helps smooth gait and maintaining ____

Posture

The first activity in the body's response to a stimulus us called ___

Reception

The spinal cord serves as a coordinating center for the ____

Reflex Arc

In its depolarized state, the neuron is said to be ___

Refractory

Once the nerve impulse has moved down the axon, the neuron membrane must ___

Repolarize

A neuron that is not transmitting a nerve impulse is a ____

Resting Neuron

The difference in electrical potential in a resting neuron is called the ___

Resting potential

The network of nerve fibers in the medulla responsible for activating the cerebral cortex is the ____

Reticular Formation

In the PNS, the glial cells that wrap themselves around neurons are the ___

Schwann Cells

The peripheral nervous system has sensory receptors located in the ___

Sense Organs

Neurons transmitting information from receptors to the central nervous system are called afferent neurons, or ___

Sensory Neurons

Outside the plasma membrane of a resting neuron there is a high concentration of ____

Sodium Ions

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the __

Spinal Cord

The spinal nerves communicate impulses between various parts of the body and the ____

Spinal Cord

The cranial nerve regulating swallowing, senses, and control of the face, teeth, and tongue is the ____

Trigeminal Nerve

Most sensory neurons are neurons described as ___

Unipolar

The cranial nerve with sensory and motor functions controlling the heart, blood vessels, and organs of the viscera is the ____

Vagus Nerve

The cavities of the brain are called the ____

Ventricles

The spinal cord passes downward from the brain and extends through a bony tunnel found in ____

Vertebrae