BA101 Midterm #2

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ISO 14001

A collection of the best practices for managing an organization's impact on the environment.

operations management

A specialized area in management that converts or transforms resources (including human resources; technical skills/innovation) into goods and services

deming cycle

Plan, Do, Check, Act

materials requirement planning (MRP)

a computer-based operations management system that uses sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place.

equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC)

a federal agency designed to regulate and enforce the provisions of Title VII

fixed-position layout

a layout that brings all resources required to create the product to a central location

program evaluation and review technique (PERT)

a method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project, estimating the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project.

enterprise resource planning (ERP)

a newer version of materials requirement planning (MRP), that combines the computerized functions of all the divisions and subsidiaries of the firm--such as finance, human resources, and order fulfillment--into a single integrated software program that uses a single database

affirmative action

a policy that "rights past wrongs" by increasing opportunities for minorities and women

just-in-time inventory control

a production process in which a minimum of inventory is kept on the premises and parts, supplies, and other needs are delivered just in time to go on the assembly line.

continuous process

a production process in which long production runs turn out finished goods over time

intermittent process

a production process in which the production run is short and the machines are changed frequently to make different products (ex. ovens/toasters in a bakery) - most sense when making specific customer orders

six sigma quality

a quality measure that allows only 3.4 defects per million opportunities

international organization for standardization (ISO)

a worldwide federation of national standards, that set global measures for the quality of individual products

civil rights act of 1991

amended the original civil rights act, making it easier to bring discrimination lawsuits while also limiting punitive damages that can be awarded in those lawsuits

gantt chart

bar graph showing production managers what projects are being worked on and what stage they are in at any given time

interfirm process

companies work closely together to design, produce, and ship products to customers

quality

consistently producing what the customer wants while reducing errors before and after delivery to the customer

flexible manufacturing

designing machines to do multiple tasks so that they can produce a variety of products

americans with disabilities act of 1990 (ADA)

forbids discrimination on the basis of disabilities and requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations for disabled employees

equal employment opportunity act (EEOA)

granted enforcement powers to the equal employment opportunity commission

critical path

in a PERT network, the sequence of tasks that takes the longest time to complete

factors of production

land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, knowledge

civil rights act of 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

mass production

production of goods in large numbers through the use of machinery and assembly lines

vocational rehabilitation act of 1973

prohibits discrimination based on physical or mental disability

title vii of the civil rights act of 1964

prohibits discrimination in hiring, firing, compensating, training, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (age was later added+ sexual orientation and gender identity)

age discrimination in employment act of 1967 (ADEA)

protects individuals aged 40 and older from employment and workplace discrimination in hiring, firing, compensating, layoff, benefits, job assignments, and training

process layout

similar equipment and functions are grouped together

mass customization

tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers

production process

taking factors of production and using those inputs to produce goods, servoices, and ideas. Planning, routing, scheduling, and other activities are the means to accomplish the objective/output

modular layout

teams of workers combine to produce more complex units of the final product

ISO 9001

the common name given to quality management and assurance standards

production

the creation of finished goods and services using factors of production.

purchasing

the function in a firm that searches for high-quality material resources, finds the best suppliers, and negotiates the best price for goods and services

process manufacturing

the part of production that physically or chemically changes materials.

assembly process

the part of the production process that puts together components

facility layout

the physical arrangement of resources (including people) in the production process

human resource management

the process of determining human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals

facility location

the process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operations

statistical process control (SPQ)

the process of taking statistical samples of product components at each stage and plotting those results on a graph. Any variance are recognized and corrected if beyond the set standard

statistical quality control (SQC)

the process some managers use to continually monitor all phases of the production process to assure that quality is being built into the product from the beginning

lean manufacturing

the production of goods using less of everything compared to mass production

malcolm baldrige national quality awards

the set standard for overall company quality to qualify, an organization must show quality in areas like: leadership, strategic planning, customer/market focus, information and analysis, human resource, process management, and business results - meets customer needs and wants -customer satisfaction rating better than the competition

production management

the term used to describe all the activities managers do to help their firms create goods

computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

the uniting of computer-aided design with computer-aided manufacturing

computer-aided design (CAD)

the use of computers in the design of products

computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

the use of computers in the manufacturing of products

form utility

the value producers add to materials in the creation of finished goods and services (ex. specific cuts of meats, silicon into compute chips...)

What is the ultimate goal of operations management?

to provide high-quality goods and services instantaneously in response to customer demand

assembly line layout

workers only do a few tasks at a time

telecommuting

working from home via computer


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