BA101 Midterm #2
ISO 14001
A collection of the best practices for managing an organization's impact on the environment.
operations management
A specialized area in management that converts or transforms resources (including human resources; technical skills/innovation) into goods and services
deming cycle
Plan, Do, Check, Act
materials requirement planning (MRP)
a computer-based operations management system that uses sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place.
equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC)
a federal agency designed to regulate and enforce the provisions of Title VII
fixed-position layout
a layout that brings all resources required to create the product to a central location
program evaluation and review technique (PERT)
a method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project, estimating the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project.
enterprise resource planning (ERP)
a newer version of materials requirement planning (MRP), that combines the computerized functions of all the divisions and subsidiaries of the firm--such as finance, human resources, and order fulfillment--into a single integrated software program that uses a single database
affirmative action
a policy that "rights past wrongs" by increasing opportunities for minorities and women
just-in-time inventory control
a production process in which a minimum of inventory is kept on the premises and parts, supplies, and other needs are delivered just in time to go on the assembly line.
continuous process
a production process in which long production runs turn out finished goods over time
intermittent process
a production process in which the production run is short and the machines are changed frequently to make different products (ex. ovens/toasters in a bakery) - most sense when making specific customer orders
six sigma quality
a quality measure that allows only 3.4 defects per million opportunities
international organization for standardization (ISO)
a worldwide federation of national standards, that set global measures for the quality of individual products
civil rights act of 1991
amended the original civil rights act, making it easier to bring discrimination lawsuits while also limiting punitive damages that can be awarded in those lawsuits
gantt chart
bar graph showing production managers what projects are being worked on and what stage they are in at any given time
interfirm process
companies work closely together to design, produce, and ship products to customers
quality
consistently producing what the customer wants while reducing errors before and after delivery to the customer
flexible manufacturing
designing machines to do multiple tasks so that they can produce a variety of products
americans with disabilities act of 1990 (ADA)
forbids discrimination on the basis of disabilities and requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations for disabled employees
equal employment opportunity act (EEOA)
granted enforcement powers to the equal employment opportunity commission
critical path
in a PERT network, the sequence of tasks that takes the longest time to complete
factors of production
land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, knowledge
civil rights act of 1964
outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
mass production
production of goods in large numbers through the use of machinery and assembly lines
vocational rehabilitation act of 1973
prohibits discrimination based on physical or mental disability
title vii of the civil rights act of 1964
prohibits discrimination in hiring, firing, compensating, training, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (age was later added+ sexual orientation and gender identity)
age discrimination in employment act of 1967 (ADEA)
protects individuals aged 40 and older from employment and workplace discrimination in hiring, firing, compensating, layoff, benefits, job assignments, and training
process layout
similar equipment and functions are grouped together
mass customization
tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers
production process
taking factors of production and using those inputs to produce goods, servoices, and ideas. Planning, routing, scheduling, and other activities are the means to accomplish the objective/output
modular layout
teams of workers combine to produce more complex units of the final product
ISO 9001
the common name given to quality management and assurance standards
production
the creation of finished goods and services using factors of production.
purchasing
the function in a firm that searches for high-quality material resources, finds the best suppliers, and negotiates the best price for goods and services
process manufacturing
the part of production that physically or chemically changes materials.
assembly process
the part of the production process that puts together components
facility layout
the physical arrangement of resources (including people) in the production process
human resource management
the process of determining human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals
facility location
the process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operations
statistical process control (SPQ)
the process of taking statistical samples of product components at each stage and plotting those results on a graph. Any variance are recognized and corrected if beyond the set standard
statistical quality control (SQC)
the process some managers use to continually monitor all phases of the production process to assure that quality is being built into the product from the beginning
lean manufacturing
the production of goods using less of everything compared to mass production
malcolm baldrige national quality awards
the set standard for overall company quality to qualify, an organization must show quality in areas like: leadership, strategic planning, customer/market focus, information and analysis, human resource, process management, and business results - meets customer needs and wants -customer satisfaction rating better than the competition
production management
the term used to describe all the activities managers do to help their firms create goods
computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
the uniting of computer-aided design with computer-aided manufacturing
computer-aided design (CAD)
the use of computers in the design of products
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
the use of computers in the manufacturing of products
form utility
the value producers add to materials in the creation of finished goods and services (ex. specific cuts of meats, silicon into compute chips...)
What is the ultimate goal of operations management?
to provide high-quality goods and services instantaneously in response to customer demand
assembly line layout
workers only do a few tasks at a time
telecommuting
working from home via computer